1、Designation: C 1073 97a (Reapproved 2003)Standard Test Method forHydraulic Activity of Ground Slag by Reaction with Alkali1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1073; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the rapid determination ofhydraulic activity of ground-granulated iron blast-furn
3、ace slag.This test method measures the accelerated strength develop-ment of the slag by using sodium hydroxide solution as mixingwater and curing at elevated temperature.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety
4、 concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific warningstatement is given in Section 6.1.4 The text of this stand
5、ard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-notes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered asrequirements of this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Morta
6、rs (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)2C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregates3C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement2C 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency2C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias State
7、mentsfor Test Methods for Construction Materials3C 778 Specification for Standard Sand2C 989 Specification for Ground Blast-Furnace Slag for Usein Concrete and Mortars33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Definitions are given in Terminology C 125 andC 219.3.2 Description of Term Specific to This Sta
8、ndard:3.2.1 slag, ngranulated blast-furnace slag as defined inTerminology C 125 and ground to cement fineness.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method can be used as a quality-control test forslag production from a single source after adequate correlationwith tests stipulated in Specification C 9
9、89.4.2 This test method may be used as an evaluation techniquefor slag, when an appropriate correlation with various fine-nesses of slags from a specific source ground in a specificlaboratory mill has been previously developed.4.3 The hydraulic activity as measured by this test methodon ground-slag
10、samples can provide guidance to a manufac-turer as to fineness level required to maintain a certain level ofhydraulic activity.4.4 While this test method is intended primarily as a qualitycontrol test, some studies have shown that the test method iscapable of evaluating the hydraulic activity of sla
11、gs fromdifferent sources.5. Apparatus5.1 Three-Gang Molds for 2-in. or 50-mm Cubes andCompression Test Machine, as specified in Test Method C 109/C 109M (Note 1).NOTE 1Silicone grease is recommended for protection of moldsurfaces from the caustic solution in this test.5.2 Mixer, as specified in Meth
12、od C 305.5.3 Curing Chamber, capable of maintaining a temperatureof air or water bath of 55 6 2C.5.4 Containers, capable of holding one three-cube mold inan essentially vapor-tight condition. If polyethylene or otherplastic bags are used, they shall have a closure of the zip type.If rigid containers
13、 are used, they shall have tight sealing covers(Note 2). The acceptability of containers shall be determinedby measuring the water loss after curing in air or the gain aftercuring in water bath. Water loss shall be less than 15 mL in aircuring or gain less than 5 mL in water-bath curing.NOTE 2Plasti
14、c boxes designed for household storage of celery with abottom grid have given good service.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.27 on Ground Slag .Current edition approved August 10, 2
15、003. Published September 2003. Origi-nally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C 1073 97a.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, U
16、nited States.6. Materials6.1 Graded Standard SandThe sand used for making testspecimens shall be natural silica sand conforming to therequirements for graded standard sand in Specification C 778.6.2 Reagent Sodium Hydroxide Solution (20 %):6.2.1 Prepare fresh daily using boiled distilled water andre
17、agent grade sodium hydroxide (NaOH).6.2.2 Dissolve 200 g of sodium hydroxide in 1 L of distilledwater and cool to room temperature. WarningAll work withthis highly caustic solution should be completed with the use ofgloves, apron, and face mask.NOTE 3One litre will provide enough solution for eight
18、three-cubebatches. More or less solution in these proportions should be madedepending on the number of batches to be mixed during the day.7. Procedure7.1 BatchThe quantities of materials to be mixed at onetime in the batch of mortar for making three or six specimensshall be as follows:Number of Spec
19、imens36Slag, g 250 500Sand, g 687.5 1375NaOH solution, mL 112.5 2257.2 Preparation of SpecimensPrepare specimens in accor-dance with Test Method C 109/C 109M, except that the mixingwater shall be replaced by the volume of NaOH solution equalto the volume of water which would give a water/slag ratio
20、of0.45 by mass.7.3 CuringImmediately upon completion of moldingplace each three-cube mold in a container. Add approximately50 mL of water into the container at the mold base in order toassure 100 % relative humidity during the curing cycle. In thecase where plastic bags are employed, special care sh
21、ould beexercised to avoid tearing the plastic during handling. Place thecontainer and molds in the curing chamber maintained at 55 62C. If water curing is used, rigid containers shall be requiredand the water temperature shall be controlled to the prescribedtemperature and a minimum 5 mL of water sh
22、all cover thecontainers. At the end of 23 614 h remove the molds from thecuring chamber and examine each container for leaks. If morethan 15 mL of water has escaped or more than 5 mL of waterhas entered, discard the specimens and retest. Remove thespecimens from the mold and store in room air until
23、tested.7.4 Determination of Compressive StrengthTest the speci-mens for compressive strength at 24 612 h in accordance withTest Method C 109/C 109M.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the compressive strength of the specimens inaccordance with Test Method C 109/C 109M.9. Faulty Specimens and Retests9.1 Faul
24、ty specimens and the need for retest shall bedetermined in accordance with Test Method C 109/C 109M.10. Report10.1 The average strength in MPa rounded to the nearest 0.1MPa at 24 h shall be reported as the hydraulic activity of thesample. For example, Hydraulic Activity with NaOH: 7.3 MPa.11. Precis
25、ion and Bias11.1 PrecisionThe following precision statements weredeveloped using data generated from an interlaboratory testprogram. Nine laboratories participated in the program andtested three slags with varied hydraulic activity. Duplicate testswere performed on different days. Revisions to the p
26、recisionstatements shall be made as more comprehensive data becomeavailable.11.1.1 The precision statements are applicable when a testresult is the average of compressive strengths of three cubesmolded from a single batch of mortar and tested at the sameage.11.1.2 The multilaboratory coefficient of
27、variation has beenfound to be 8.1 % (Note 4). Therefore, results of properlyconducted tests of single batches by two different laboratoriesshould not differ by more than 22.9 % of their average (Note4).11.1.3 The single-laboratory coefficient of variation hasbeen found to be 4.6 % (Note 4). Therefor
28、e, results of twoproperly conducted tests of single batches of mortar made withthe same materials either on the same day or within the sameweek should not differ from each other by more than 13.0 % oftheir average (Note 4).NOTE 4These numbers represent respectively the (Is) and (d2s) limitsas descri
29、bed in Practice C 670.11.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biassince the hydraulic activity is defined only in terms of the testmethod.12. Keywords12.1 ground slag; hydraulic activity; slagASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in conn
30、ection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the respons
31、ible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful c
32、onsideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 10
33、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 1073 97a (2003)2
