1、Designation: B777 15Standard Specification forTungsten Base, High-Density Metal1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B777; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent
2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements for fourclasses of machinable, high-density tungsten base metal pro-duced by consolidating metal powder mixt
3、ures, the composi-tion of which is mainly tungsten. This material specificationmay be used for bare parts or for parts that may be coated withother materials for protection against corrosion and abrasion.1.2 This specification describes physical, mechanical, andmicrostructural testing of a material
4、lot based on the use of testcoupons, not actual parts. Sintered properties typically varyboth with part size and sampling location within a given part.Results obtained from coupon testing may therefore differ fromthe properties of a specific location in a larger part.1.3 Intended UseParts made from
5、this material are in-tended for uses such as weights or counter-balances in static ordynamic balancing, high-speed rotating inertia members, ra-diation shielding, hypervelocity impact, and vibration-dampingapplications. In selecting the appropriate alloy for a givenapplication, it is important to no
6、te that as the tungsten contentof the alloy is increased, stiffness, radiation attenuation, anddensity increase with an accompanying decrease in attainableductility.1.4 Special ApplicationsFor particular applications, prop-erties or requirements other than those specified in Sections 5,6, and 7 of t
7、his specification may be important. These alloysmay contain elements which make them weakly ferromagnetic.Where freedom from magnetic response is required, thisshould be specified in the purchase order. Class 4 is notavailable in a non-magnetic grade. For purposes of thisspecification, non-magnetic
8、material is defined as materialhaving a maximum magnetic permeability of 1.05 (see TestMethod A342). Also for special applications involving largesections, methods for determining internal quality, such asmechanical testing of specimens excised from these largersections or suitable nondestructive te
9、sts may be applied. If suchpart property data are required, an additional part-specific testprogram shall be specified in the purchase order.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provi
10、ded for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A342 Test Methods for Permeability of Weakly MagneticMaterialsB311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM)Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent PorosityD3951 Practice for Commercial Pack
11、agingE3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE407 Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 151 Metals, Test Methods33. Classific
12、ation3.1 The tungsten base metal shall be of the following classes(see Table 1 and Table 2), as specified (see 4.1).4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for tungsten base, high-density metal shouldspecify the following:4.1.1 Title, designation, and year of issue of thisspecification,4.1.2 Class, (see 3
13、.1),4.1.3 Quantity,4.1.4 Levels of preservation and packing (see 9.1),4.1.5 Special markings, if required (see 9.2),4.1.6 Method of hardness testing, if different from Rockwell“C” (see Table 1),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and A
14、lloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee B10.04 on Molybdenum and Tungsten.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originallyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as B777 07 (2013).DOI: 10.1520/B0777-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the
15、 ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, htt
16、p:/quicksearch.dla.mil.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.7 Freedom of parts from magnetic response, if required(see 1.4), and4.1.8 Dimensions and tolerances.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 MaterialsThe raw materials
17、shall be a mixture ofloose metal powders consisting mainly of tungsten with somecombination of binder elements such as copper, nickel, iron, orother which, by sintering, will produce sintered shapes meetingthe requirements of this specification.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The specified class shall ha
18、ve the nominal tungstencontent in Table 1.7. Physical and Mechanical Properties7.1 Physical and Mechanical PropertiesThe sintered ma-terial shall have properties conforming to Table 1 and Table 2as determined on standard sintered test bars (see Test MethodsE8/E8M).7.2 MicrostructureThe microstructur
19、e of each sampleshall be a uniform distribution of tungsten particles in a bindermetal matrix when viewed at a magnification of 200 times. Thelocation may be specified (see 8.4.5).7.3 IdentificationEach lot and associated test bars shall beclearly marked with a lot serial number (see 8.3.1).8. Quali
20、ty Assurance Provisions8.1 Responsibility for InspectionUnless otherwise speci-fied in the contract or purchase order, the manufacturer isresponsible for the performance of all inspection requirementsas specified herein. Except as otherwise specified in thecontract or purchase order, the manufacture
21、r may use his ownfacilities for the performance of the inspection or any otherfacility that is acceptable to the purchaser.8.2 Responsibility for ComplianceAll parts must meet allthe requirements agreed upon by purchaser and manufacturerfrom Sections 4, 6 and 7. The inspections set forth in thisspec
22、ification shall become a part of the manufacturers overallinspection system or quality program.8.3 Quality Conformance Inspection:8.3.1 Inspection LotAn inspection lot shall consist of auniform blend from one batch of powder, and submitted forinspection at one time. If a shipment is made from more t
23、hanone lot, the purchaser may choose to consider that shipment asa single inspection lot or may choose to separate the shipmentinto several inspection lots for acceptance purposes.8.3.2 Sampling for Sintered Property DeterminationUnless otherwise specified, a minimum of two sintered testbars shall b
24、e made from each powder (inspection) lot.8.3.3 Hardness TestsEach test bar shall be tested forconformance with the hardness requirements of Table 1 (see8.4.1).8.3.4 DensityEach test bar shall be tested for conformancewith the density requirements of Table 1 (see 8.4.2).8.3.5 Tension TestsEach test b
25、ar shall be tested for con-formance with Table 2 (see 8.4.3).8.3.6 Sampling for Chemical CompositionA sample fromeach blended powder lot shall be tested for the tungsten contentin conformance with Table 1 (see 8.4.4).8.3.7 Examination of MicrostructureThis test shall beaccomplished on one of the tes
26、t bars (see 8.4.5).8.4 Methods for Test and Examinations:8.4.1 HardnessSamples shall be tested in accordance withTest Methods E18.8.4.2 DensityThe equal water displacement method per-formed in accordance with Test Method B311 shall be used.8.4.3 Mechanical PropertiesSamples shall be tested inaccorda
27、nce with Test Methods E8/E8M.8.4.4 Chemical AnalysisAnalysis of the lot or lots inquestion shall be made by Method 111 or 112 of Fed. Std. No.151 for conformance with 8.3.6. In case of dispute, chemicalanalysis by Method 111 shall be the basis for acceptance.8.4.5 MicrostructureA test bar shall be s
28、ectioned and aspecimen shall be prepared for examination in accordance withGuide E3. The specimen may be etched (see Practice E407),and shall be examined at a magnification of 200 times forconformance with 7.2.8.5 RejectionUnless otherwise stated in the purchaseorder, failure to conform to any of th
29、e requirements of thisspecification shall be cause for rejection of the lot.9. Packaging and Package Marking9.1 Preservation, Packaging, and PackingThe materialshall be prepared for delivery in accordance with the produc-ers commercial practice or Practice D3951 as specified in sucha manner as to en
30、sure acceptance for safe delivery by commonor other carriers to the point of delivery.9.2 MarkingIf specified in the purchase order, each indi-vidual item and test bar shall be clearly identified with a lotserial number. Where parts are too small to be individuallyidentified, they may be grouped for
31、 this purpose.10. Keywords10.1 high-density metal; tungstenTABLE 1 Composition, Density and Hardness PropertiesClassNominalTungsten,weight %Density,g/ccHardnessA,BRockwell “C,”max1 90 16.8517.30 322 92.5 17.1517.85 333 95 17.7518.35 344 97 18.2518.85 35AWhen specified by the purchaser, other hardnes
32、s testing methods may beemployed.BHardness values are for unworked (as-sintered or annealed) material. Formechanically worked or strain aged material, the hardness can be as high as Rc49.B777 152ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
33、with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible te
34、chnical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider
35、ation at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr
36、Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(
37、www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 2 Tensile Properties, Minimum ValuesClassStandard Alloys Nonmagnetic AlloysUltimate Strength 0.2 % Offset Yield ELAUlt
38、imate Strength 0.2 % Offset Yield ELAksi (MPa) ksi (MPa) (%) ksi (MPa) ksi (MPa) (%)1 110 (758) 75 (517) 5 94 (648) 75 (517) 22 110 (758) 75 (517) 5 94 (648) 75 (517) 23 105 (724) 75 (517) 3 94 (648) 75 (517) 14 100 (689) 75 (517) 2 na na naADetermine with an extensometer accurate to 0.5 % elongation or less.B777 153
