1、Designation: B 391 03Standard Specification forNiobium and Niobium Alloy Ingots1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 391; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers unalloyed and alloyed niobiumingots prepared by vacuum- or plasma-arc melting or electron-beam melting to produce consolida
3、ted metal for processing tovarious mill shapes.NOTE 1Committee B10 has adopted “niobium” as the designation forElement No. 41, formerly named “columbium.”1.2 The materials covered by this specification are:1.2.1 R04200-Type 1Reactor grade unalloyed niobium,1.2.2 R04210-Type 2Commercial grade unalloy
4、ed nio-bium,1.2.3 R04251-Type 3Reactor grade niobium alloy con-taining 1 % zirconium, and1.2.4 R04261-Type 4Commercial grade niobium alloycontaining 1 % zirconium.1.3 Unless a single unit is used, for example force forhardness testing in kN, the values stated in inch-pound unitsare to be regarded as
5、 the standard. The values given inparentheses are for information only.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portions of this specification: This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility
6、of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materi-als2E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in T
7、est Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications33. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall includethe following information, as applicable:3.1.1 ASTM standard number and year of issue,3.1.2 Type (see 1.2),3.1.3 Quantity in weight or pieces,3.1.4 Size, diameter
8、 and length,3.1.5 Chemistry (see 5.2),3.1.6 Hardness (see 6.2),3.1.7 Permissible overshipment (see 7.1),3.1.8 Quality and finish (see 8.2 and 8.6),3.1.9 Sampling (Section 9)3.1.10 Packaging (Section 16), and3.1.11 Required reports (Section 14).4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 The ingot metal for all
9、four types may be vacuum orplasma arc melted, vacuum electron-beam melted, or anycombination of these three methods.5. Chemical Requirements5.1 The finished ingot shall conform to the requirements forchemical composition as prescribed in Table 1.5.2 Analysis for elements not listed in Table 1 and no
10、tnormally expected in niobium shall not be required unlessspecified at time of purchase.6. Hardness6.1 The maximum Brinell hardness shall conform to therequirements specified in Table 2.6.2 If the hardness test impressions on the ingot side wallwould be detrimental to subsequent fabrication, the har
11、dnesstest requirements may be waived or changed as mutuallyagreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.7. Permissible Variations7.1 QuantityFor orders requiring up to 100 lb (45.4 kg) ofingots, the manufacturer may overship up to a maximum of20 %. For orders up to and including 1000 lb (4
12、54 kg), themanufacturer may overship up to a maximum of 10 %. Thepermissible overshipment shall be negotiated for orders largerthan 1000 lb (454 kg).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloysand is the direct responsibility ofSubco
13、mmittee B10.03on Niobium and Tantalum.Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as B 391 99.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr
14、Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.8. Quality and Finish8.1 The manufacturer shall use care to have each lot of ingotmaterial as uniform in quality as possible.8.2 When specified, the ingots shall be conditioned on thesurface to standards agreed upon between t
15、he manufacturer andthe purchaser.8.3 Subsequent fabrication will be permitted. The differencebetween the maximum and minimum radius of the conditionedingot shall not exceed 20 % of the maximum radius. Lands,grooves, and local depressions shall be blended to a maximumangle of 30 to the axis of the in
16、got.8.4 Each ingot shall be tested for soundness by nondestruc-tive test methods, such as dye penetrant or ultrasonic tests.Methods and acceptance standards shall be as mutually agreedupon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.8.5 Defects in the ingots that exceed the acceptance stan-dards shal
17、l be removed by cropping or surface conditioning,whichever is appropriate. The manufacturer shall be permittedto remove surface imperfections provided that after suchremoval the requirements of conditioning are met (8.2).8.6 The ingots shall be free of imperfections that would bedeemed injurious by
18、the standards of acceptability agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer.9. Sampling9.1 Care shall be exercised to ensure that the sampleselected for testing is representative of the material and that itis not contaminated by the sampling procedure. If there is anyquestion relating to th
19、e sampling techniques or to the analysisthereof, the methods for sampling and analysis shall be asagreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer.10. Number of Tests and Retests10.1 Each ingot shall be tested for chemical compositionand hardness.10.2 If any sample or specimen exhibits obvious
20、 surfacecontamination or improper preparation, disqualifying it as atruly representative sample, it shall be discarded and a newsample or specimen substituted.10.3 In case of failure, retest two additional specimens. Ifboth specimens conform to this specification, discard theoriginal values and cons
21、ider the material acceptable; otherwisethe ingot shall be rejected or reworked and retested.10.4 Take individual hardness readings on the ingot side-wall along the full length of the ingot to within 5 in. of eachend. Spacing between indentations shall not exceed two ingotdiameters.11. Significance o
22、f Numerical Limits11.1 For the purpose of determining compliance with thespecified limits for requirements of the properties listed in thefollowing tables, an observed value or a calculated value shallbe rounded as indicated in accordance with the roundingmethod of Practice E 29.12. Test Method12.1
23、Determine Brinell hardness by Test Method E 10,except, using a load of 4.9 kN with a 10-mm ball.13. Rejection and Rehearing13.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification may be rejected. Rejection shall be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In
24、case ofTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsType 1 (Reactor Type 2 (Commercial Type 3 (Reactor Type 4 (CommercialElement Grade Unalloyed Grade Unalloyed Grade Niobium1 % Grade Niobium1 %Niobium) Niobium) Zirconium) Zirconium)R04200 R04210 R04251 R04261Max Weight % (Except Where Otherwise Specified)Each Ingo
25、t:Carbon 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Nitrogen 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01Oxygen 0.015 0.025 0.015 0.025Hydrogen 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015 0.0015Zirconium 0.02 0.02 0.8 to 1.2 (range) 0.8 to 1.2 (range)Tantalum 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5Iron 0.005 0.01 0.005 0.01Silicon 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005Tungsten 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.05Nickel 0.005
26、 0.005 0.005 0.005Molybdenum 0.010 0.020 0.010 0.050Hafnium 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02Titanium 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03When Specified:Boron 2 ppm . 2 ppm .Aluminum 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.005Beryllium 0.005 . 0.005 .Chromium 0.002 . 0.002 .Cobalt 0.002 . 0.002 .TABLE 2 Brinell HardnessType 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4Max
27、imum averageMaximum per individualimpression90105125150125140135150B391032dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.13.2 In the event of disagreement between the manufacturerand the purchaser on the conformance of the material to therequirem
28、ents of this specification or any special test specifiedby the purchaser, a mutually acceptable referee shall performthe tests in question. The results of the referees testing shall beused in determining conformance of the material to thisspecification.14. Certification14.1 When specified in the pur
29、chase order or contract, aproducers or suppliers certification shall be furnished to thepurchaser that the material was manufactured, sampled, tested,and inspected in accordance with the specification and has beenfound to meet the requirements. When specified in the pur-chase order or contract, a re
30、port of the test results shall befurnished.15. Product Marking15.1 Each ingot shall be marked for identification by metaldie stamping the manufacturers ingot number on the top of theingot. Each box or skid shall be marked or tabbed legibly andconspicuously with the number, type of material, ingot nu
31、m-ber(s), manufacturers identification, nominal size, and thegross, net, and tare weights.16. Packaging and Package Marking16.1 Unless otherwise specified, material purchased underthis specification must be boxed or banded on skids in such amanner as to secure safe delivery to their destination when
32、properly transported by any common carrier.17. Keywords17.1 niobium; niobium alloy ingotsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination o
33、f the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.
34、 Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comm
35、ents have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).B391033
