1、Designation: B338 13Standard Specification forSeamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubesfor Condensers and Heat Exchangers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B338; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specificat
3、ion2covers the requirements for 28grades of titanium and titanium alloy tubing intended forsurface condensers, evaporators, and heat exchangers, as fol-lows:1.1.1 Grade 1Unalloyed titanium,1.1.2 Grade 2Unalloyed titanium,1.1.2.1 Grade 2HUnalloyed titanium (Grade 2 with 58 ksiminimum UTS),1.1.3 Grade
4、 3Unalloyed titanium,1.1.4 Grade 7Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %palladium,1.1.4.1 Grade 7HUnalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %palladium (Grade 7 with 58 ksi minimum UTS),1.1.5 Grade 9Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium),1.1.6 Grade 11Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %palladium,
5、1.1.7 Grade 12Titanium alloy (0.3 % molybdenum, 0.8 %nickel),1.1.8 Grade 13Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %ruthenium),1.1.9 Grade 14Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %ruthenium),1.1.10 Grade 15Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %ruthenium),1.1.11 Grade 16Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08 %pa
6、lladium,1.1.11.1 Grade 16HUnalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to0.08 % palladium (Grade 16 with 58 ksi minimum UTS),1.1.12 Grade 17Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08 %palladium,1.1.13 Grade 18Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,1.1.14 Grade 26Unalloyed titanium plus
7、 0.08 to 0.14 %ruthenium,1.1.14.1 Grade 26HUnalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to0.14 % ruthenium (Grade 26 with 58 ksi minimum UTS),1.1.15 Grade 27Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14 %ruthenium,1.1.16 Grade 28Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium) plus 0.08 to 0.14 % ruthenium,1.1.17 Grade 30Titani
8、um alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 %palladium),1.1.18 Grade 31Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 %palladium),1.1.19 Grade 33Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 %palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium),1.1.20 Grade 34Titanium alloy (0.4 % nickel, 0.015 %palladium, 0.025 % ruthenium, 0.15 % chromium)
9、,1.1.21 Grade 35Titanium alloy (4.5 % aluminum, 2 %molybdenum, 1.6 % vanadium, 0.5 % iron, 0.3 % silicon),1.1.22 Grade 36Titanium alloy (45 % niobium),1.1.23 Grade 37Titanium alloy (1.5 % aluminum),1.1.24 Grade 38Titanium alloy (4 % aluminum, 2.5 %vanadium, 1.5 % iron), and1.1.25 Grade 39Titanium al
10、loy (0.25 % iron, 0.4 %silicon).NOTE 1H grade material is identical to the corresponding numericgrade (that is, Grade 2H = Grade 2) except for the higher guaranteedminimum UTS, and may always be certified as meeting the requirementsof its corresponding numeric grade. Grades 2H, 7H, 16H, and 26H arei
11、ntended primarily for pressure vessel use.The H grades were added in response to a user association requestbased on its study of over 5200 commercial Grade 2, 7, 16, and 26 testreports, where over 99 % met the 58 ksi minimum UTS.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard
12、. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 onReactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommit
13、tee B10.01 on Titanium.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as B338 101. DOI:10.1520/B0338-13.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SB-338 in Section II of that Code
14、.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsE8 T
15、est Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitro-gen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert GasFusion TechniqueE1447 Test Method for Det
16、ermination of Hydrogen in Tita-nium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion ThermalConductivity/Infrared Detection MethodE1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refrac-tory and Reactive Metals and TheirAlloys by CombustionAnalysisE2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and TitaniumAlloys
17、 by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively CoupledPlasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Test Methodology)E2626 Guide for Spectrometric Analysis of Reactive andRefractory Metals3. Terminology3.1 Lot Definitions:3.1.1 castings, na lot shall consist of all castings producedfrom the same
18、 pour.3.1.2 ingot, nno definition required.3.1.3 rounds, flats, tubes, and wrought powder metallurgicalproducts (single definition, common to nuclear and non-nuclear standards), na lot shall consist of a material of thesame size, shape, condition, and finish produced from the sameingot or powder ble
19、nd by the same reduction schedule and thesame heat treatment parameters. Unless otherwise agreedbetween manufacturer and purchaser, a lot shall be limited tothe product of an 8 h period for final continuous anneal, or toa single furnace load for final batch anneal.3.1.4 sponge, na lot shall consist
20、of a single blendproduced at one time.3.1.5 weld fittings, ndefinition is to be mutually agreedupon between manufacturer and the purchaser.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include thefollowing information, as required:4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Grade number (Secti
21、on 1),4.1.3 Diameter and wall thickness (Section 12)(Note 2),4.1.4 Length (Section 12),4.1.5 Method of manufacture and finish (Sections 5 and 13),4.1.6 Restrictive chemistry, if desired (Section 6 andTable 1),4.1.7 Product analysis, if desired (Section 7 and Table 2),4.1.8 Special mechanical propert
22、ies, if desired (Section 8and Table 3),4.1.9 Nondestructive tests (Section 11),4.1.10 Packaging (Section 23),4.1.11 Inspection (Section 17), and4.1.12 Certification (Section 21).NOTE 2Tube is available to specified outside diameter and wallthickness (state minimum or average wall).5. Materials and M
23、anufacture5.1 Seamless tube shall be made from hollow billet by anycold reducing or cold drawing process that will yield a productmeeting the requirements of this specification. Seamless tube isproduced with a continuous periphery in all stages of manu-facturing operations.5.2 Welded tube shall be m
24、ade from annealed, flat-rolledproduct by an automatic arc-welding process or other methodof welding that will yield a product meeting the tensilerequirements found in Table 3 of this specification. Weldedtubing shall be heat treated by at least a stress relief afterforming and welding. Use of filler
25、 material is not permitted.5.3 Welded/cold worked tube (WCS) shall be made fromwelded tube manufactured as specified in 5.2. The welded tubeshall be sufficiently cold worked to final size in order totransform the cast weld microstructure into a typical equiaxedmicrostructure in the weld upon subsequ
26、ent heat treatment.The product shall meet the requirements for seamless tube ofthis specification.5.4 Grades 9, 18 and 28, which, at the option of thepurchaser, can be furnished in either the annealed or the coldworked and stress relieved condition, defined as at a minimumtemperature of 600F (316C)
27、for not less than 30 min.6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The titanium shall conform to the chemical require-ments prescribed in Table 1.6.1.1 The elements listed in Table 1 are intentional alloyadditions or elements that are inherent to the manufacture oftitanium sponge, ingot, or mill product.6.1.2 Ele
28、ments intentionally added to the melt must beidentified, analyzed, and reported in the chemical analysis.6.2 When agreed upon by the producer and the purchaserand requested by the purchaser in the written purchase order,chemical analysis shall be completed for specific residualelements not listed in
29、 this specification.7. Product Analysis7.1 When requested by the purchaser and stated in thepurchase order, product analysis for any elements listed inTable 1 shall be made on the completed product.7.1.1 Elements other than those listed in Table 1 are deemedto be capable of occurring in the grades l
30、isted in Table 1 by, andonly by way of, unregulated or unanalyzed scrap additions tothe ingot melt. Therefore, product analysis for elements notlisted in Table 1 shall not be required unless specified and shallbe considered to be in excess of the intent of this specification.3For referenced ASTM sta
31、ndards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.B338 132TABLE1ChemicalRequirementsComposition,WeightPercentA,B,C,D,EGradeCarbon,max.O
32、xygenrangeormax.Nitrogen,max.Hydrogen,max.Ironrangeormax.AluminumVanadiumPalladiumRutheniumNickelMolybdenumChromiumCobaltZirconiumNiobiumTinSiliconOtherElements,max. eachOtherElements,max.total10.080.180.030.0150.20-0.10.420.080.250.030.0150.30-0.10.42H0.080.250.030.0150.30-0.10.430.080.350.050.0150
33、.30-0.10.470.080.250.030.0150.30-0.12-0.25-0.10.47H0.080.250.030.0150.30-0.12-0.25-0.10.490.080.150.030.0150.252.5-3.52.0-3.0-0.10.4110.080.180.030.0150.20-0.12-0.25-0.10.4120.080.250.030.0150.30-0.6-0.90.2-0.4-0.10.4130.080.100.030.0150.20-0.04-0.060.4-0.6-0.10.4140.080.150.030.0150.30-0.04-0.060.4
34、-0.6-0.10.4150.080.250.050.0150.30-0.04-0.060.4-0.6-0.10.4160.080.250.030.0150.30-0.04-0.08-0.10.416H0.080.250.030.0150.30-0.04-0.08-0.10.4170.080.180.030.0150.20-0.04-0.08-0.10.4180.080.150.030.0150.252.5-3.52.0-3.00.04-0.08-0.10.4260.080.250.030.0150.30-0.08-0.14-0.10.426H0.080.250.030.0150.30-0.0
35、8-0.14-0.10.4270.080.180.030.0150.20-0.08-0.14-0.10.4280.080.150.030.0150.252.5-3.52.0-3.0-0.08-0.14-0.10.4310.080.350.050.0150.30-0.04-0.08-0.20-0.80-0.10.4330.080.250.030.0150.30-0.01-0.020.02-0.040.35-0.55-0.1-0.2-0.10.4340.080.350.050.0150.30-0.01-0.020.02-0.040.35-0.55-0.1-0.2-0.10.4350.080.250
36、.050.0150.20-0.804.0-5.01.1-2.1-1.5-2.5-0.20-0.400.10.4360.040.160.030.0150.03-42.0-47.0-0.10.4370.080.250.030.0150.301.0-2.0-0.10.4380.080.20-0.300.030.0151.2-1.83.5-4.52.0-3.0-0.10.4390.080.150.030.0150.15-0.400.30-0.500.10.4AAtminimum,theanalysisofsamplesfromthetopandbottomoftheingotshallbecomple
37、tedandreportedforallelementslistedfortherespectivegradeinthistable.BFinalproducthydrogenshallbereported.Ingothydrogenneednotbereported.Lowerhydrogenmaybeobtainedbynegotiationwiththemanufacturer.CSinglevaluesaremaximum.Thepercentageoftitaniumisdeterminedbydifference.DOtherelementsneednotbereportedunl
38、esstheconcentrationlevelisgreaterthan0.1%each,or0.4%total.Otherelementsmaynotbeaddedintentionally.Otherelementsmaybepresentintitaniumortitaniumalloysinsmallquantitiesandareinherenttothemanufacturingprocess.Intitaniumtheseelementstypicallyincludealuminum,vanadium,tin,chromium,molybdenum,niobium,zirco
39、nium,hafnium,bismuth,ruthenium,palladium,yttrium,copper,silicon,cobalt,tantalum,nickel,boron,manganese,andtungsten.EThepurchasermay,inthewrittenpurchaseorder,requestanalysisforspecificelementsnotlistedinthisspecification.B338 1337.2 Product analysis tolerances, listed in Table 2,donotbroaden the spe
40、cified heat analysis requirements, but covervariations between different laboratories in the measurement ofchemical content. The manufacturer shall not ship the finishedproduct that is outside the limits specified in Table 1 for theapplicable grade.8. Tensile Requirements8.1 The room temperature ten
41、sile properties of the tube inthe condition normally supplied shall conform to the require-ments prescribed in Table 3. Mechanical properties for condi-tions other than those given in this table may be established byagreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. (SeeTest Methods E8.)9. Flatte
42、ning Test9.1 Tubing shall withstand, without cracking, flatteningunder a load applied gradually at room temperature until thedistance between the load platens is not more than H in. H iscalculated as follows:H, in. mm! 511e!te1t/D(1)where:H = the minimum flattened height, in. (mm),t = the nominal wa
43、ll thickness, in. (mm), andD = the nominal tube diameter, in. (mm).For Grades 1, 2, 2H, 7, 7H, 11, 13, 14, 16, 16H, 17, 26, 26H,27, 30, 33, and 39:e 5 0.07 in. for all diameters (2)For Grade 3, 31, and 34:e 5 0.04 through 1 in. diameter (3)e 5 0.06 over 1 in. diameter (4)For Grades 9, 12, 15, 18, 28
44、, 35, 36, 37, and 38:e shall be negotiated between the producer and the purchaser.9.1.1 For welded tubing, the weld shall be positioned on the90 or 270 centerline during loading so as to be subjected to amaximum stress.9.1.2 When low D-to-t ratio tubular products are tested,because the strain impose
45、d due to geometry is unreasonablyhigh on the inside surface at the six and twelve oclocklocations, cracks at these locations shall not be cause forrejection if the D-to-t ratio is less than ten (10).9.2 The results from all calculations are to be rounded totwo decimal places. Examination for crackin
46、g shall be by theunaided eye.9.3 Welded tube shall be subjected to a reverse flatteningtest in accordance with Annex 2 of Test Methods and Defini-tions A370. A section of the tube, approximately 4 in. (102mm) long, that is slit longitudinally 90 either side of the weld,shall be opened and flattened
47、with the weld at the point ofmaximum bend. No cracking is permitted.10. Flaring Test10.1 For tube 312 in. (88 mm) in outside diameter andsmaller, and 0.134 in. (3.4 mm) in wall thickness and thinner,a section of tube approximately 4 in. (102 mm) in length shallwithstand being flared with a tool having a 60 included angleuntil the tube at the mouth of the flare has been expan
