1、Designation: A608/A608M 06 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Specification forCentrifugally Cast Iron-Chromium-Nickel High-Alloy Tubingfor Pressure Application at High Temperatures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A608/A608M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
2、yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium-nickel, hig
3、h-alloy tubes made by the centrifugal casting process intendedfor use under pressure at high temperatures.1.2 The grades of high alloys detailed in Table 1 areintended for applications requiring strength and resistance tocorrosion and scaling at high temperatures.1.3 Optional Supplementary Requireme
4、nts S1 to S11 areprovided; these call for additional tests to be made if desired.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; there
5、fore, each system mustbe used independently of each other. Combining values fromthe two systems may result in nonconformance with thespecification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A342/A342M Test Methods for Permeability of FeeblyMagnetic MaterialsA488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, We
6、lding, Quali-fications of Procedures and PersonnelA999/A999M Specification for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless Steel PipeE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Testsof Metallic MaterialsE94 Guide for Radiographic Examina
7、tionE139 Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic MaterialsE142 Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Test-ing3E151 Recommended Practice for Tension Tests of MetallicMaterials at Elevated Temperatures with Rapid Heatingand Conventional or Rapid S
8、train Rates3E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for GeneralIndustryE340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys3. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material to this specification should includethe following, as required, to describe the desired materialadequately:3.1.1 Quantity (f
9、eet, centimetres, or number of lengths),3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast tubing),3.1.3 Specification number and grade (Table 1),3.1.4 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wallthickness, see Section 8).3.1.5 Condition (see Section 9, as cast or as cast withmachining on outside or in
10、side surfaces, or machined; see 5.1,8, and 9),3.1.6 Length (specific or random), (Permissible Variationsin Length Section of Specification A999/A999M),3.1.7 End finish (Ends Section of Specification A999/A999M),3.1.8 Optional requirements (see 8.2.3 regarding the manu-facturers wall thickness allowa
11、nce for as cast tubing andSupplementary Requirements S1 to S11),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published April 2
12、012. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as A608/A608M 06.DOI: 10.1520/A0608_A0608M-06R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refe
13、r to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
14、ocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.9 Test report required (see Section 13), and3.1.10 Special requirements to be added to the specification.4. General Requirements4.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition ofSpecification
15、 A999/A999M, unless otherwise provided herein.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The tubing may be supplied in the as cast condition or ascast with machining on the outside or inside surfaces, ormachined, as agreed upon between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.5.2 Heat treatment of the tubing shall no
16、t be required underthis specification.6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition as prescribed in Table 1.7. Tensile Properties7.1 Tension tests at room temperature are not recommendedas acceptance criteria under this specification since the
17、alloysare intended for elevated-temperature service, and room-temperature tests do not have a dependable relationship toelevated-temperature properties. (Where the design of thetubing is based on an assumption of certain minimum creep-rupture properties, one of the supplementary requirements ofthis
18、specification may be stipulated on the order to ascertain theability of the material to meet the design properties.)8. Permissible Variation in Dimensions8.1 Machined Tubing (Tubing Machined on Inside andOutside):8.1.1 The tolerances given in Specification A999/A999Mshall govern, except that the wal
19、l thickness shall not vary overthe specified minimum wall thickness by more than 10 % or116 in. 1.6 mm, whichever is greater. There shall be novariation under the specified minimum wall thickness.8.2 As-Cast Tubing (No Machining or Machined on Insideor Outside):8.2.1 Outside Diameter (For Tubes Orde
20、red to OutsideDiameter):8.2.1.1 Tubes machined on the outside shall meet therequirements of Specification A999/A999M.8.2.1.2 Tubes not machined on the outside shall meet thepermissible variations of Table 2.8.2.2 Inside Diameter (For Tubes Ordered to Inside Diam-eter):8.2.2.1 Tubes machined on the i
21、nside shall meet the require-ments of Specification A999/A999M.8.2.2.2 Tubes not machined on the inside shall have permis-sible variations as agreed upon by the purchaser and themanufacturer.8.2.3 Wall ThicknessThe wall thickness shall not exceedthe calculated minimum as cast wall thickness by more
22、than thelimits shown in Table 3. The calculated minimum wall thick-ness shall be equal to the specified minimum wall thicknessplus the manufacturers allowance for “inside surface feedmetal” and outside surface roughness. Upon request, themanufacturers allowance shall be furnished to the purchaser.Th
23、ere shall be no variation under the calculated minimum ascast wall thickness. For tubes over 24 up to and including 54 in.600 to 1350 mm in diameter the “permissible variations overspecified minimum as cast wall thickness” shall be agreed uponby the manufacturer and the purchaser.8.2.4 LengthIf defi
24、nite lengths are ordered, no length oftubing shall be under the length specified and not longer thanthe tolerance shown in Table 4.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsGrade Composition, %Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Phosphorus Sulfur MolybdenumHC30 0.250.35 0.51.0 0.502.00 2630 4.0 max 0.04 max
25、 0.04 max 0.50 maxHD50 0.450.55 1.50 max 0.502.00 2630 47 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 maxHE35 0.300.40 1.50 max 0.502.00 2630 811 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 maxHF30 0.250.35 1.50 max 0.502.00 1923 912 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 maxHH30 0.250.35 1.50 max 0.502.00 2428 1114 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 maxHH33A0.280.38
26、1.50 max 0.502.00 2426 1214 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 maxHI35 0.300.40 1.50 max 0.502.00 2630 1418 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 maxHK30 0.250.35 1.50 max 0.502.00 2327 1922 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 maxHK40 0.350.45 1.50 max 0.502.00 2327 1922 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 maxHL30 0.250.35 1.50 max 0.502.00 2832 1822
27、0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 maxHL40 0.350.45 1.50 max 0.502.00 2832 1822 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 maxHN40 0.350.45 1.50 max 0.502.00 1923 2327 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 maxHT50 0.400.60 1.50 max 0.502.00 1519 3337 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 maxHU50 0.400.60 1.50 max 0.502.00 1721 3741 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 maxHW
28、50 0.400.60 1.50 max 0.502.00 1014 5862 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 maxHX50 0.400.60 1.50 max 0.502.00 1519 6468 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.50 maxAManufacturing control should ensure that this composition contain a minimal amount of ferrite. See Supplementary Requirement S5.TABLE 2 Permissible Variations in As-
29、Cast Outside DiameterSpecified Outside Diameter of TubingPermissible Plus or MinusVariations from SpecifiedOutside Diameterin. mm in. mmFrom 2 to 4 50 to 100 0.08 2.0Over 4 to 12 100 to 300 0.10 2.5Over 12 to 24 300 to 600 0.12 3.0Over 24 to 36 600 to 900 0.16 4.1Over 36 to 54 900 to 1350 0.25 6.4A6
30、08/A608M 06 (2012)29. Finish9.1 Machined TubingAll tubes shall be reasonablystraight and free of rejectable indications. All visual irregulari-ties shall be explored for depths. When the depth encroaches onthe specified minimum wall thickness, such irregularities shallbe considered rejectable indica
31、tions.9.2 As-Cast Tubing:9.2.1 The outside surface shall be adequately cleaned (suchas by shotblasting, sandblasting, wire brushing, grinding, ormachining). The metal surface so revealed shall be visuallyinspected and shall be free of linear discontinuities or otherimperfections that encroach on the
32、 specified minimum wall ofthe tube.9.2.2 Various degrees of surface roughness occur on unma-chined tubing. If a specific surface finish is required, it shall bea matter of agreement between the manufacturer and thepurchaser.9.3 Surface Irregularities Not Classified as RejectableVisual surface defect
33、s that have been explored and that do notencroach on the minimum sound wall thickness shall beblended either by machining or grinding the surface into thesurrounding unaffected surface area of the tubing.9.4 Repair by WeldingRepair of injurious defects bywelding shall be permitted and major weld rep
34、airs shall bepermitted only subject to the approval of the purchaser. Weldrepairs shall be considered major if the depth of the cavityprepared for welding exceeds 20 % of the required minimumwall thickness or if the total surface area exceeds 10 in.265cm2. Defects shall be completely removed before
35、welding. Ifdefects are linear, complete removal shall be checked by liquidpenetrant inspection (Practice E165). Only qualified operatorsand procedures in accordance with PracticeA488/A488M shallbe used. All weld repairs shall be subjected to the sameinspection standard as the tubing.10. Pressure Tes
36、t10.1 All tubing shall be subjected to an internal air pressureof at least 75 psi 515 kPa for at least 1 min either whilesubmerged in clear water or with the entire outer surface coatedwith sulfur-free soap suds at the discretion of the manufacturer.In the usable portion of the tube, leaks are not p
37、ermitted. If theHydrostatic Test, Supplementary Requirement S6, is invoked,the exact details of the test and testing procedure shall beclearly defined and made a part of the Ordering Information(3.1.8).10.2 Leaks may be repaired by welding only if such repairis approved by the purchaser.11. Flatteni
38、ng Test11.1 Flattening tests are not required since material coveredby this specification is not intended to be bent, flanged, orotherwise formed.12. Mechanical Tests Required12.1 Air Pressure TestEach length of tubing shall besubjected to the pressure test described in Section 10.13. Certification1
39、3.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order,a manufacturers certification that the material was manufac-tured and tested in accordance with this specification togetherwith a report of the test results shall be furnished at the time ofshipment.14. Product Marking14.1 In addition to the
40、 marking prescribed in SpecificationA999/A999M, the marking shall include the length, an addi-tional symbol “S” if the tubing conforms to the supplementaryrequirements specified in Supplementary Requirements S1 toS11, and the heat number or manufacturers number by whichthe tube can be identified, an
41、d, when as cast (see 8.2), thenotation “AS CAST.”15. Keywords15.1 alloy; centrifugal casting; high temperatures; pressurecontaining parts; steel tube; temperature service applicationsTABLE 3 Permissible Variations in As-Cast Wall ThicknessSpecified Outside Diameter of TubingPermissible Variations ov
42、erCalculated Minimum As-Cast Wall Thicknessin. mm in. mmFrom 2 to 6 50 to 150 0.08 2.0Over 6 to 12 150 to 300 0.10 2.5Over 12 to 24 300 to 600 0.13 3.3TABLE 4 Excess Length Tolerances for Centrifugally Cast TubesOutside Diameter of TubePermissibleExcess Lengthin. mm in. mmFrom2to12 50to30014 6.4Over
43、 12 to 24 300 to 60012 13Over 24 to 54 600 to 1350 1 25A608/A608M 06 (2012)3SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSOne or more of the following supplementary requirements may become a part of the specificationwhen specified on the inquiry or invitation to bid, and purchase order or contract.S1. Product AnalysisS
44、1.1 Product analysis may be made on any length of tubing.Individual lengths failing to conform to the chemical require-ments shall be rejected. For product analysis the outsidesurface of the tube shall be ground clean before sampling anda sample taken from this area by drilling. If drillings are tak
45、en,the drill should penetrate at least to the mid point of the tubewall, but the inner18 in. 3 mm of the tube wall shall not beincluded in the sample unless the tube has been bored.S2. Short-Time, High-Temperature Tension TestS2.1 Short-time, high-temperature tension tests shall bemade from a longit
46、udinal or transverse section cut from the endof the tubing representing each heat or lot as agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and the purchaser.S2.2 The test specimen shall conform to the dimensionsshown in Fig. 7 or 9 of Test Methods E8, or as described inPractice E151. The specimen gage diameter
47、 shall not encroachon the zone of feed metal when cut from an as-cast tube.S2.3 The specimen shall be subjected to a short-time tensiontest at a temperature of 1400 F 760 C, 1600 F 870 C,1800 F 980 C, or 2000 F 1095 C, as selected by thepurchaser. During the test the temperature range shall bemainta
48、ined within 6 10 F 5.5 C at the selected temperature.If the temperature is not specified by the purchaser, the testshall be conducted at 1600 F 870 C. Processing by heattreatment to improve the hot tensile strength of the material orspecimen shall not be permitted. However, the specimens maybe aged
49、for 24 h at test temperature before testing.S2.4 The test shall be made in accordance with Practice E21except that the speed of the head of the testing machine shallbe so adjusted that the cross-head speed shall not exceed 0.05in. 1.3 mm/in. 25 mm/min.S2.5 The test specimens shall conform to properties agreedupon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The valuesshown in Table S2 may be used as a guide.S3. Stress Rupture TestS3.1 The stress rupture test shall be
