1、Designation: A451/A451M 06 (Reapproved 2010)A451/A451M 14Standard Specification forCentrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A451/A451M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adop
2、tion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2 covers austenitic alloy steel pipe for use in high-
3、temperature, corrosive, or nuclear pressure service.1.2 Several grades of austenitic stainless steel are covered as indicated in Table 1.1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided when additional testing may be required.1.4 The values stated in either inch-poundSI units or SIinch-pound uni
4、ts are to be regarded separately as standard. Within thetext, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system aremay not exactly be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem mustshall be used independently of eachthe other. Combining values from the two systems may result innonco
5、nformancenon-conformance with the specification.standard.NOTE 1This specification is not intended to cover centrifugal pipe made from alloys containing more than 0.20 % carbon, such as are covered bySpecification A297/A297M.1.4.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.2. Referenced Docu
6、ments2.1 ASTM Standards:3A297/A297M Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for GeneralApplicationA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA999/A999M Specification for General Requirements for Alloy and Stainless Stee
7、l PipeE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General IndustryE186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 412-in. (50.8 to 114-mm) Steel CastingsE
8、280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (412 to 12-in. (114 to 305-mm) Steel CastingsE446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in Thickness2.2 ANSI Standard:B46.1 Surface Texture43. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the follo
9、wing, as required, to describe the desired material adequately:3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres,meters, or number of lengths),3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast pipe),3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),3.1.4 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wall thickness in inches or millimetres),millimeters),3.
10、1.5 Length (specific or random, Specification A999/A999M),1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18on Castings.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2014. Published De
11、cember 2010 December 2014. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20062010as A451/A451M 06.A451/A451M 06(2010). DOI: 10.1520/A0451_A0451M-06R10.10.1520/A0451_A0451M-14.2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related specification SA-451 in Section II of th
12、at Code.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4 Available from American National Standards Institut
13、e (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adeq
14、uately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM
15、International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.6 End Finish of Specification A999/A999M,3.1.7 Optional Requirements (9.4 and Supplementary Requirements S1 through S7),3.1.8 Test Report Required (Section 14), and3.1.9 Special Requirements or Add
16、itions to Specification.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Heat-TreatmentThe pipe shall receive a heat-treatment at the temperature and time specified in Table 2, followed by aquench in water or rapid cool by other means.4.2 MachiningThe pipe shall be machined on the inner and outer surfaces to a rough
17、ness value no greater than 250-in.6.35-m arithmetical average deviation (AA) from the mean line, as defined in American National Standard B46.1.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsComposition, %GradeCar-bon,maxMan-ga-nese,maxPhos-pho-rus,maxSul-fur,maxSili-con,max Nickel ChromiumMolybde-num ColumbiumTan-ta
18、-lum,maxNitrogenCPF3 0.03 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.012.0 17.021.0 . . . .CPF3A 0.03 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.012.0 17.021.0 . . . .CPF8 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.011.0 18.021.0 . . . .CPF8A 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.011.0 18.021.0 . . . .CPF3M 0.03 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 9.013.0 17.021.0 2.03.0 .
19、 . .CPF8M 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 9.012.0 18.021.0 2.03.0 . . .CPF10MCA 0.10 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 13.016.0 15.018.0 1.752.25 1.2 max, 10 C min . .CPF8CA 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 9.012.0 18.021.0 . 1 max, 8 C min . .CPF8C(Ta max)B 0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 9.012.0 18.021.0 . 1 max, 8 C min 0.1
20、0 .CPH8CPH20 or CPH100.080.20C1.501.500.0400.0400.0400.0401.502.0012.015.012.015.022.026.022.026.0.CPK20 0.20 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.75 19.022.0 23.027.0 . . . .CPE20N 0.20 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 8.011.0 23.026.0 . . . 0.080.20TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsAComposition, % (max. except where range or minim
21、um is given)Grade(UNSNumber)Car-bonMan-ga-nesePhos-pho-rusSul-furSili-con Nickel Chromium Molybde-num ColumbiumTan-ta-lum NitrogenCPF3(J92500)0.03 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.012.0 17.021.0 . . . .CPF3A(J92500)0.03 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.012.0 17.021.0 . . . .CPF8(J92600)0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.01
22、1.0 18.021.0 . . . .CPF8A(J92600)0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 8.011.0 18.021.0 . . . .CPF3M(J92800)0.03 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 9.013.0 17.021.0 2.03.0 . . .CPF8M(J92804)0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 9.012.0 18.021.0 2.03.0 . . .CPF10MCB 0.10 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 13.016.0 15.018.0 1.752.25 1.2 max, 10 C m
23、in. .CPF8CB(J92710)0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 9.012.0 18.021.0 . 1 max, 8 C min. .CPF8C(Tamax)C0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 9.012.0 18.021.0 . 1 max, 8 C min0.10 .CPH8(J93400)0.08 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 12.015.0 22.026.0 . . . .CPH20orCPH10(J93402)0.20D 1.50 0.040 0.040 2.00 12.015.0 22.026.0 . . . .CP
24、K20(J94202)0.20 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.75 19.022.0 23.027.0 . . . .CPE20N(J92802)0.20 1.50 0.040 0.040 1.50 8.011.0 23.026.0 . . . 0.080.20A Where ellipses (.) appear in this table there is no requirement, and the element need not be analyzed or reported.B Grades CPF10MC and CPF8C may have a columbium p
25、lus tantalum content maximum of 1.35 %.C No designation as yet assigned by ASTM International or Steel Founders Society of America.D By agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the carbon content of Grade CPH20 may be restricted to 0.10 % max. When so agreed, the gradedesignation shall
26、be CPH10.A451/A451M 1425. Chemical Analysis5.1 Heat AnalysisAn analysis of each heat shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentages of elementsspecified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made on a test sample taken preferably during the pouring of the heat. The chemicalcomposition th
27、us determined shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1.5.2 Product AnalysisA product analysis may be made by the purchaser. The sample for analysis shall be selected so as to bethoroughly representative of the pipe being analyzed. The chemical composition thus determined shall conform
28、to the requirementsspecified in Table 1.5.3 To determine conformance with the chemical analysis requirements, an observed value or calculated value shall be roundedin accordance with Practice E29 to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of values listed in Table 1.6. Tensile Requirements6.1
29、Test Specimens:6.1.1 Test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370. Test bars shall be poured inspecial blocks from the same heat as the castings represented. Test bars shall be supplied in sufficient number to furnish allspecimens required in 6.2 and 6.3 (see
30、 Table 3).6.1.2 Test specimens may be cut from heat-treated castings instead of from test bars when agreed upon between themanufacturer and the purchaser.6.1.3 Tension test specimens shall be machined to the form and dimensions of the standard round 2-in. 50-mm gage lengthspecimens shown in Fig. 6 o
31、f Test Methods and Definitions specimen. A370.6.2 Number of Tests:6.2.1 One tension test shall be made from each heat. The bar from which the test specimen is taken shall be heat-treated in thesame manner as the castings represented.6.2.2 If a specimen is machined improperly or flaws are revealed by
32、 machining or during testing, the specimen may be discardedand another substituted from the same heat.TABLE 2 Heat-Treatment RequirementsGradeTemperature, min Hold Time,h/in. ofThicknessF CCPF3, CPF3A, CPF8, CPF8A, CPF3M,CPF8M1900 1040 1CPF10MC, CPF8C, CPF8C (Ta max) 1950 1065 2CPH8, CPH10, CPH20, C
33、PK20 2100 1150 1CPE20N 2225 1220 1TABLE 3 Tensile RequirementsGradeTensileStrength,min, ksi MPaYieldStrength,min, ksiMPaElongation,min %,in 2 in.or 50 mm,50mmminCPF3 70 485 30 205 35CPF3AA 77 535 35 240 35CPF3M 70 485 30 205 30CPF8 70 485 30 205 35CPF8AA 77 535 35 240 35CPF8M 70 485 30 205 30CPF10MC
34、 70 485 30 205 20CPH10 70 485 30 205 30CPF8C (Ta max), CPF8C 70 485 30 205 30CPH8 65 448 28 195 30CPK20 65 448 28 195 30CPH20 70 485 30 205 30CPE20N 80 550 40 275 30A The properties shown are obtained by adjusting the composition within the limitsshown in Table 1 to obtain a ferrite-austenite ratio
35、that will result in the higherultimate and yield strengths indicated. A lowering of impact values may develop inthese materials when exposed to service temperature above 800F 425C.A451/A451M 1436.3 RetestsIf the results of the mechanical tests for any heat do not conform to the requirements specifie
36、d, the castings maybe reheat-treated and retested, but may not be solution-treated more than twice.7. Hydrostatic Test7.1 Each length of pipe shall be hydrostatically tested in accordance with Specification A999/A999M.7.2 It is realized that the foundry may be unable to perform the hydrostatic test
37、prior to shipment, or that the purchaser maywish to defer testing until additional work has been performed on the casting. In such cases, the foundry is responsible for thesatisfactory performance of the casting when it is tested.8. Quality8.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually an
38、d shall be free from cracks and hot tears. Other surface defects shallbe judged in accordance with visual acceptance criteria which may be specified in the order.9. Rework and Retreatment9.1 Defects as defined in Section 8 shall be removed and their removal verified by visual inspection of the resul
39、tant cavities.Defects which are located by inspecting with Supplementary Requirement S6 or S7, or both, shall be removed or reduced to anacceptable size.9.2 If removal of the defect does not infringe upon the minimum wall thickness, the depression may be blended uniformly intothe surrounding surface
40、.9.3 If the cavity resulting from defect removal infringes upon the minimum wall thickness, weld repair is permitted subject tothe purchasers approval. The composition of the weld rod used shall be suitable for the composition of the metal being welded.9.3.1 Only operators and procedures qualified i
41、n accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, shall beused. All repair welds will be inspected to the same quality standards used to inspect the casting.9.4 Postweld heat-treatment of the repaired casting is neither required nor prohibited.10. Permissible Variations in Dimensio
42、ns10.1 ThicknessThe wall thickness shall not vary over that specified by more than 18 in. (3 mm). There shall be no variationunder the specified wall thickness.11. General Requirements11.1 Material furnished under this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of the current edition
43、 ofSpecification A999/A999M, unless otherwise provided herein.12. Rejection12.1 Each length of pipe received from the manufacturer may be inspected by the purchaser and, if it does not meet therequirements of the specification based on the inspection and test method as outlined in the specification,
44、 the pipe may be rejectedand the manufacturer shall be notified. Disposition of rejected pipe shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer andthe purchaser.13. Rehearing13.1 Samples that represent rejected material shall be preserved for 2 weeks from the date of transmission of the test r
45、eport.In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the tests, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing within that time.14. Certification14.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order, a manufacturers certification that the material was manufacturedand tested in accordance with
46、 this specification, together with a report of the test results, shall be furnished at the time of shipment.15. Product Marking15.1 Each length of pipe shall be legibly marked with the manufacturers name or brand, the letters ASTM, the specificationnumber, and grade. In addition, heat numbers, or se
47、rial numbers that are traceable to heat numbers, shall be marked on each lengthof pipe.16. Keywords16.1 austenitic; centrifugally cast; height; high-temperature service; stainless steel; steel castingsA451/A451M 144SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSSupplementary requirements shall be applied only when speci
48、fied by the purchaser. Details of thesupplementary requirements shall be agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. The specifiedtests shall be performed by the manufacturer prior to shipment of the castings.S1. Additional Tension TestsS1.1 Additional tension tests shall be made at a temperature
49、 to be specified by the customer, and the properties to be met area matter of agreement between purchaser and manufacturer.S2. Flattening TestS2.1 The flattening test shall be made on specimens from one or both ends of each length of pipe. If the specimen from anyend of any length fails to conform to the requirements of Specification A999/A999M, that length shall be rejected.S3. PhotomicrographsS3.1 The manufacture
