1、Designation: A27/A27M 13 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Specification forSteel Castings, Carbon, for General Application1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A27/A27M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification cover
3、s carbon steel castings for gen-eral applications that require up to 70 ksi (485 MPa) minimumtensile strength.NOTE 1The grades covered by this specification represent materialsthat are suitable for assembly with other steel castings or wrought steelparts by fusion welding. It is not intended to impl
4、y that all these gradespossess the same degree of weldability or that the same weldingtechniques can be used on all castings. It is the responsibility of thepurchaser to establish for himself a suitable welding technique.1.2 Several grades and two classes of steel castings arecovered, as indicated b
5、elow. The grade and class desired shallbe specified by the purchaser.1.2.1 Grade N-1Chemical analysis only.1.2.2 Grade N-2Heat-treated but not mechanically tested.1.2.3 Grade U-60-30 415-205Mechanically tested butnot heat-treated.1.2.4 Grades 60-30 415-205, 65-35 450-240, 70-36485-250, and 70-40 485
6、-275Heat-treated and mechani-cally tested.1.2.5 Class 1 and Class 2 steel castings shall be specified inaccordance with 9.2.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
7、eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to e
8、stablish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,Common
9、Requirements, for General Industrial UseA957/A957M Specification for Investment Castings, Steeland Alloy, Common Requirements, for General IndustrialUseA1067/A1067M Specification for Test Coupons for SteelCastings3. General Conditions for Delivery3.1 Except for steel investment castings, material fu
10、rnishedto this specification shall conform to the requirements ofSpecification A781/A781M, including any supplementary re-quirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure tocomply with the general requirements of Specification A781/A781M constitutes nonconformance with the specification.
11、 Incase of a conflict between the requirements of this specificationand Specification A781/A781M, this specification shall pre-vail.3.2 Steel investment castings furnished to this specificationshall conform to the requirements of Specification A957/A957M, including any supplementary requirements tha
12、t areindicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with thecommon requirements of Specification A957/A957M consti-tutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of con-flict between the requirements of this specification and Speci-fication A957/A957M, Specification A957/A957M shallprevai
13、l.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for material under this specification shouldinclude the following information in proper sequence.4.1.1 Quantity,4.1.2 Specification, grade (1.2), and class (9.2),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Relat
14、ed Alloysand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.18 on Castings.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originallyapproved in 1901. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as A27/A27M 13. DOI:10.1520/A0027_A0027M-13R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AS
15、TM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H
16、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.3 Description of the casting by pattern number ordrawing,4.1.4 Options in the specification, and4.1.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including stan-dards of acceptance.5. Heat Treatment5.1 All castings of Grades N-2,
17、60-30 415-205, 65-35450-240, 70-36 485-250, and 70-40 485-275 shall beheat-treated by full annealing, normalizing, normalizing andtempering, or quenching and tempering. Unless otherwisespecified in the inquiry, contract, or order, the castings may beheat-treated by any one or combination of these he
18、at-treatments at the option of the manufacturer.5.1.1 Heat-treatment shall be performed after castings havebeen allowed to cool from the pouring temperature to belowthe transformation range.5.2 Furnace temperatures for heat-treating shall be regulatedby the use of pyrometers.6. Chemical Composition6
19、.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as tochemical composition prescribed in Table 1. Product analysistolerances shall conform to the Product Analysis Tolerancesshown in Specification A781/A781M or Specification A957/A957M. When residual element chemical content is of interestto the purcha
20、ser, S54 may be considered.7. Tensile Properties7.1 Except for Grades N-1 and N-2, one tension test shall beperformed on each heat and the mechanical properties thusdetermined shall conform to the requirements specified inTable 2. The tension test shall be performed in accordance withTest Methods an
21、d Definitions A370.7.2 Test bars shall be poured in special blocks similar tothose shown in Fig. 1 of Specification A1067/A1067M andfrom the same heat as the casting represented.7.3 Test coupons may be cut from the heat-treated (ifrequired) castings or cast integrally with the castings at theproduce
22、rs option.7.4 The test bars for heat-treated castings shall be heat-treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as thecastings they represent. When specified by the purchaser, thetest bars shall be heat-treated with the castings.7.5 Test specimens shall be machined to the form anddimensions
23、 shown in Fig. 4 of Test Methods and DefinitionsA370, with the ends machined to fit the grips on the tensiletesting machine to be used. Suggested types of ends forstandard round tension test specimens are shown in Fig. 5 ofTest Methods and Definitions A370.7.6 If any specimen is machined improperly
24、or if flaws arerevealed by machining or during testing, the specimen may bediscarded and another substituted from the same heat.8. Retests8.1 If the results of the mechanical tests for any heat, lot, orcasting do not conform to the requirements specified, retestsare permitted as outlined in Test Met
25、hods and DefinitionsA370. At the manufacturers option, castings may be reheat-treated and retested. When castings are reheat-treated, theymay not be reaustenitized more than 3 times without theapproval of the purchaser. Testing after reheat treatment shallconsist of the full number of specimens take
26、n from locationscomplying with the specification or order.9. Rework and Retreatment9.1 All welds shall be inspected to the same quality stan-dards as were used to inspect the casting.9.2 If postweld heat-treatment is required, Class 1 must bespecified along with the grade, and the welds to be heat-t
27、reatedTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsGrade (UNS No.)AComposition, %Carbon,Bmax Manganese,Bmax Silicon, max Sulfur, max Phosphorus, maxGrade N-1 (J02500) 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade N-2 (J03500) 0.35 0.60 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade U-60-30 415-205 (J02500) 0.25 0.75 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade 60-30 415-205 (
28、J03000) 0.30 0.60 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade 65-35 450-240 (J03001) 0.30 0.70 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade 70-36 485-250 (J03501) 0.35 0.70 0.80 0.035 0.035Grade 70-40 485-275 (J02501) 0.25 1.20 0.80 0.035 0.035ASpecify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grade designation (see 9.2).BFor each reduction of 0.01 %
29、carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04 % manganese above the maximum specified will be permitted to a maximumof 1.40 % for Grade 70-40 485-275 and 1.00 % for the other grades.TABLE 2 Tensile RequirementsGradeATensileStrength,min,ksi (MPa)Yield Point,min, ksi(MPa)Elongation in2in.(50
30、 mm),min, %BReduction ofArea,min, %Grade U-60-30(415-205)60 (415) 30 (205) 22 30Grade 60-30(415-205)60 (415) 30 (205) 24 35Grade 65-35(450-240)65 (450) 35 (240) 24 35Grade 70-36(485-250)70 (485) 36 (250) 22 30Grade 70-40(485-275)C70 (485) 40 (275) 22 30ASpecify Class 1 or Class 2 in addition to grad
31、e designation (see 9.2).BWhen ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in this specification,the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.CGrade 70-40 485-275 may be used to meet the requirement of Grade 70-36485-250, when agreed upon between the manufacturer an
32、d the purchaser.A27/A27M 13 (2016)2must be defined. If postweld heat-treatment is not required,Class 2 must be specified along with the grade.10. Keywords10.1 castings; general application; steelSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements shall not apply unless specified in th
33、e purchase order. Alist of standardized supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purchaser is included inSpecification A781/A781M for sand castings, or in Specification A957/A957M for investmentcastings. Those which are ordinarily considered suitable for use with this specification ar
34、e givenbelow. Others enumerated in Specification A781/A781M or in Specification A957/A957M may beused with this specification upon agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser.S1. Magnetic Particle ExaminationS2. Radiographic ExaminationS3. Liquid Penetrant ExaminationS4. Ultrasonic ExaminationS
35、6. CertificationS8. MarkingS9. Charpy Impact TestS10. Hardness TestS12. Test ReportS13. Unspecified ElementsS14. Tension Test from CastingsS51. Permissible Variations in Dimensional Tolerances forCastings Made from Mounted PatternsS51.1 Tolerances for commercial steel castings (S51.1.1)made from mou
36、nted patterns and the surfaces that are not to bemachined shall be in accordance with Table S51.1. Metalmatch plate patterns and precise molding methods can producecloser tolerances than the values shown in Table S51.1.Complex casting designs may require different permissiblevariations than those li
37、sted in Table S51.1.S51.1.1 The term “commercial castings” does not covercastings requiring special fixtures for gaging, or finishingcastings by grinding to special tolerance gages beyond thenormal requirements as listed in Table S51.1.S52. Gate and Riser Projections for Castings Made fromMounted Pa
38、tternsS52.1 Castings shall have gates and risers removed in sucha manner that no riser or gate stub projects or a depression ismade beyond or below the casting design contour in an amountthat would exceed the values given in Table S52.1.S53. Weight Deviation for Castings Made from MountedPatternsS53
39、.1 The allowable deviations from the average castingweight are shown in Table S53.1.S54. Chemical Analysis for Residual ElementsS54.1 The manufacturer shall determine the percentage ofelements specified as follows, using procedures specified inSpecification A781/A781M or Specification A957/A957M.The
40、 chemical analysis thus determined shall conform to thefollowing requirements:Copper, max, % 0.50Nickel, max, % 0.50Molybdenum, max, % 0.25Chromium, max, % 0.50TABLE S51.1 Normally Expected Deviation of Linear CastingDimensions from Design DimensionsBlueprint Dimension, in. (mm) Tolerances, in. (mm)
41、Up to 3 (75), incl +432 (3) 332 (2)Over 3 to 7 (75 to 175), incl +532 (4) 432 (3)Over 7 to 20 (175 to 500), incl +632 (5) 532 (4)Over 20 to 100 (500 to 2500), incl +832 (6) 632 (5)TABLE S52.1 Gate and Riser Projection TolerancesRiser or Gate Maximum Di-mension, in. (mm)MaximumProjection,in. (mm)Maxi
42、mumDepression,in. (mm)Up to 4 (100), incl18 (3)18 (3)Over 4 to 8 (100 to 200), incl14 (6)18 (3)Over 8 to 20 (200 to 500), incl38 (10)18 (3)Over 20 to 30 (500 to 750), incl12 (13)14 (6)Over 30 (750)34 (19)14 (6)TABLE S53.1 Allowable DeviationAfrom Average Casting WeightCasting Weight, lb (kg) Positiv
43、eDeviation, %NegativeDeviation, %Up to 100 (45), incl 8.0 8.0Over 100 to 500 (45 to 230), incl 6.5 5.0Over 500 to 10 000 (230 to 4540), incl 5.0 3.0Over 10 000 (4540) 3.0 2.5ADeviations do not apply to mass as calculated from a design drawing.A27/A27M 13 (2016)3S54.2 Total content of these residual
44、elements, maximumpercent 1.00.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(A27/A27M10) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 1, 2013.)(1) Removed A732/A732M as a reference.(2) Added A1067/A1067M as a referenc
45、e.(3) 6.1, Added “or Specification A957/A957M” after A781/A781M.(4) 7.2, Replaced A781/A781M with A1067/A1067M.(5) 7.7 Deleted.(6) Supplementary Requirements: Replaced first paragraphwith wording similar to that now used in other steel castingspecifications.(7) S54.1, Added “or Specification A957/A9
46、57M” after A781/A781M.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringeme
47、nt of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or
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