1、Designation: A193/A193M 11Standard Specification forAlloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperatureor High Pressure Service and Other Special PurposeApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A193/A193M; the number immediately following the designation indicates th
2、e yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Dep
3、artment of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification2covers alloy and stainless steel bolt-ing for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for hightemperature or high pressure service, or other special purposeapplications. See Specification A962/A962M for the definitionof bolting. Bars and wir
4、e shall be hot-wrought and may befurther processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing.Austenitic stainless steel may be carbide solution treated orcarbide solution treated and strain-hardened. When strainhardened austenitic steel is ordered, the purchaser should takespecial care to ensure tha
5、t Appendix X1 is thoroughly under-stood.1.2 Several grades are covered, including ferritic steels andaustenitic stainless steels designated B5, B8, and so forth.Selection will depend upon design, service conditions, me-chanical properties, and high temperature characteristics.1.3 The following refer
6、enced general requirements are in-dispensable for application of this specification: SpecificationA962/A962M.NOTE 1The committee formulating this specification has includedfifteen steel types that have been rather extensively used for the presentpurpose. Other compositions will be considered for inc
7、lusion by thecommittee from time to time as the need becomes apparent.NOTE 2For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use at the lowerrange of high temperature applications, reference should be made toSpecification A354.NOTE 3For grades of alloy-steel bolting suitable for use in lowtemperature
8、applications, reference should be made to SpecificationA320/A320M.1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 14.1.5 Supplementary Requirements are provided for use at theoption of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shallapply only when specified in the purchase order or contract
9、.1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound unitsand in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contractspecifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units),the inch-pound units shall apply.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded
10、separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard.2. Referenced
11、Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3A153/A153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) onIron and Steel HardwareA194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy SteelNuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High TemperatureService, or BothA320/A320M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting for Low
12、-Temperature ServiceA354 Specification for Quenched and TemperedAlloy SteelBolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded FastenersA788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-quirementsA962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements forBolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryo-
13、genic to the Creep RangeB633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zincon Iron and Steel1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittin
14、gs for Piping Applications and BoltingMaterials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published June 2011. Originallyapproved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A193/A193M10a.DOI: 10.1520/A0193_A0193M-11.2For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
15、 Code applications, see related Specifi-cation SA-193 in Section II of that Code.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
16、 onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-posited on Iron and SteelB696 Specification
17、 for Coatings of Cadmium MechanicallyDepositedB766 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cad-miumE18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE21 Test Methods for Elevated Temperature Tension Testsof Metallic MaterialsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain SizeE139
18、Test Methods for Conducting Creep, Creep-Rupture,and Stress-Rupture Tests of Metallic MaterialsE150 Recommended Practice for Conducting Creep andCreep-Rupture Tension Tests of Metallic Materials UnderConditions of Rapid Heating and Short Times4E151 Recommended Practice for Tension Tests of MetallicM
19、aterials at Elevated Temperatures with Rapid Heatingand Conventional or Rapid Strain Rates4E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-RuptureNotch Tension Tests of MaterialsE328 Test Methods for Stress Relaxation for Materials andStructuresE566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sortingof Fe
20、rrous MetalsE709 Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingF606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and RivetsF1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification toPrevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated
21、 or CoatedFastenersF1941 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings onThreaded Fasteners (Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN/UNR)F2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners2.2 ASME Sta
22、ndards:5B18.2.1 Square and Hex Bolts and ScrewsB18.2.3.1M Metric Hex Cap ScrewsB18.3 Hexagon Socket and Spline Socket ScrewsB18.3.1M Metric Socket Head Cap Screws2.3 AIAG Standard:6AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-cation Standard3. General Requirements and Ordering Information3
23、.1 The inquiry and orders shall include the following, asrequired, to describe the desired material adequately:3.1.1 Heat-treated condition (that is carbide solution treated(Class 1), carbide solution treated after finishing (Class 1A),and carbide solution treated and strain-hardened (Classes 2, 2Ba
24、nd 2C), for the austenitic stainless steels; Classes 1B and 1Capply to the carbide solution-treated nitrogen-bearing stainlesssteels; Class 1D applies to material carbide solution treated bycooling rapidly from the rolling temperature),3.1.2 Description of items required (that is, bars, bolts,screws
25、, or studs),3.1.3 Nuts, if required by purchaser, in accordance with14.1,3.1.4 Supplementary requirements, if any, and3.1.5 Special requirements, in accordance with 7.1.5.1,7.2.6, 9.1, 14.1, and 15.1.3.2 CoatingsCoatings are prohibited unless specified bythe purchaser (See Supplementary Requirements
26、 S13 and S14).When coated fasteners are ordered the purchaser should takespecial care to ensure that Appendix X2 is thoroughly under-stood.4. Common Requirements4.1 Bolting supplied to this specification shall conform tothe requirements of SpecificationA962/A962M. These require-ments include test me
27、thods, finish, thread dimensions, mac-roetch (alloy steels only), marking, certification, optionalsupplementary requirements, and others. Failure to complywith the requirements of Specification A962/A962M consti-tutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of con-flict between this specific
28、ation and SpecificationA962/A962M,this specification shall prevail.5. Manufacture (Process)5.1 The steel shall be produced by any of the followingprocesses: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, electric-furnace, orvacuum-induction melting (VIM). The molten steel may bevacuum-treated prior to or during pouring
29、 of the ingot or strandcasting.5.2 QualitySee Specification A962/A962M for require-ments.6. Discard6.1 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedomfrom injurious piping and undue segregation.7. Heat Treatment7.1 Ferritic Steels7.1.1 Ferritic steels shall be allowed to cool to a temperaturebe
30、low the cooling transformation range immediately afterrolling or forging. Materials shall then be uniformly reheated tothe proper temperature to refine the grain (a group thusreheated being known as a quenching charge), quenched in aliquid medium under substantially uniform conditions for eachquench
31、ing charge, and tempered. The minimum temperingtemperature shall be as specified in Tables 2 and 3.4Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.5Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Par
32、k Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.6Available from Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), 26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200, Southfield, MI 48033, http:/www.aiag.org.A193/A193M 112TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements (Composition, percent)AType. Ferritic SteelsGrade B5 B6andB6XDescription 5%Chr
33、omium 12%ChromiumUNS Designation S41000 (410)Range Product Variation, Range Product VariationOver or UnderBOver or UnderBCarbon 0.10 min 0.01 under 0.080.15 0.01 overManganese, max 1.00 0.03 over 1.00 0.03 overPhosphorus, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005
34、overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 1.00 max 0.05 overChromium 4.06.0 0.10 11.513.5 0.15Molybdenum 0.400.65 0.05 . . . . . .Type Ferritic SteelsGrade B7,B7M B16Description . Chromium-MolybdenumCChromium-Molybdenum-VanadiumProduct Variation, Product Variation,Range Over or UnderBRange Over or UnderBCarbon
35、 0.370.49D0.02 0.360.47 0.02Manganese 0.651.10 0.04 0.450.70 0.03Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.005 over 0.035 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.040 0.005 over 0.040 0.005 overSilicon 0.150.35 0.02 0.150.35 0.02Chromium 0.751.20 0.05 0.801.15 0.05Molybdenum 0.150.25 0.02 0.500.65 0.03Vanadium . . . . . . 0.250.35 0.
36、03Aluminum, max %E. . 0.015 .Type Austenitic Steels,FClasses 1, 1A, 1D, and 2Grade . . B8, B8A B8C, B8CA B8M, B8MA, B8M2, B8M3 B8P, B8PAUNS Designation S30400 (304) S34700 (347) S31600 (316) S30500RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over o
37、r UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.12 0.01 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 ove
38、r 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20 17.019.0 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 9.012.0 0.15 10.014.0 0.15 11.013.0 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10 . .
39、 . . . .Columbium + . . . . . . 10 x carbon 0.05 under . . . . . . . . . . . .tantalum content, min;1.10 maxType Austenitic Steels,FClasses 1A, 1B, 1D, and 2Grade. B8N, B8NA B8MN, B8MNA B8MLCuN, B8MLCuNAUNS Designation S30451 (304N) S31651 (316N) S31254RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProdu
40、ct Variation,Over or UnderBRange Product Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 over 0.08 0.01 over 0.020 0.005 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 over 1.00 0.03 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 over 0.030 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 over 0.010
41、0.002 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 over 0.80 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20 19.520.5 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 10.013.0 0.15 17.518.5 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . 2.003.00 0.10 6.06.5 0.10Nitrogen 0.100.16 0.01 0.100.16 0.01 0.180.22 0.02Copper . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.501.0
42、0 . . .A193/A193M 113TABLE 1 ContinuedType. Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A, and 2Grade B8T,B8TAUNS Designation . S32100 (321)RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.08 0.01 overManganese, max 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 overSilicon, max 1.00 0.
43、05 overChromium 17.019.0 0.20Nickel 9.012.0 0.15Titanium 5 x (C + N) min, 0.70 max 0.05 underNitrogen 0.10 max . . .Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1C and 1DGrade B8R, B8RA B8S, B8SAUNS Designation S20910 S21800RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, max 0.
44、06 0.01 over 0.10 0.01 overManganese 4.06.0 0.05 7.09.0 0.06Phosphorus, max 0.045 0.005 over 0.060 0.005 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 max 0.05 over 3.54.5 0.15Chromium 20.523.5 0.25 16.018.0 0.20Nickel 11.513.5 0.15 8.09.0 0.10Molybdenum 1.503.00 0.10 . . . . . .Nitr
45、ogen 0.200.40 0.02 0.080.18 0.01Columbium + tantalum 0.100.30 0.05 . . . . . .Vanadium 0.100.30 0.02 . . . . . .Type Austenitic SteelsF, Classes 1, 1A and 1DGrade B8LN, B8LNA B8MLN, B8MLNAUNS Designation S30453 S31653RangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBRangeProduct Variation,Over or UnderBCarbon, m
46、ax 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overManganese 2.00 0.04 over 2.00 0.04 overPhosphorus, max 0.045 0.010 over 0.045 0.010 overSulfur, max 0.030 0.005 over 0.030 0.005 overSilicon 1.00 0.05 over 1.00 0.05 overChromium 18.020.0 0.20 16.018.0 0.20Nickel 8.011.0 0.15 10.013.0 0.15Molybdenum . . . . . . 2.
47、003.00 0.10Nitrogen 0.100.16 0.01 0.100.16 0.01AThe intentional addition of Bi, Se, Te, and Pb is not permitted.BProduct analysisIndividual determinations sometimes vary from the specified limits on ranges as shown in the tables. The several determinations of any individualelement in a heat may not
48、vary both above and below the specified range.CTypical steel compositions used for this grade include 4140, 4142, 4145, 4140H, 4142H, and 4145H.DFor bar sizes over 312 in. 90 mm, inclusive, the carbon content may be 0.50 %, max. For the B7M grade, a minimum carbon content of 0.28 % is permitted, pro
49、videdthat the required tensile properties are met in the section sizes involved; the use of AISI 4130 or 4130H is allowed.ETotal of soluble and insoluble.FClasses 1 and 1D are solution treated. Classes 1, 1B, and some 1C (B8R and B8S) products are made from solution treated material. Class 1A (B8A, B8CA, B8MA,B8PA, B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, B8NA, and B8MNA) and some Class 1C (B9RA and B8SA) products are solution treated in the finished condition. Class 2 products aresolution treated and strain hardened.A193/A193M 114
