1、Designation: A131/A131M 08A131/A131M 13Standard Specification forStructural Steel for Ships1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A131/A131M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers structural steel plates,
3、shapes, bars, and rivets intended primarily for use in ship construction.1.2 Material under this specification is available in the following categories:1.2.1 Ordinary StrengthGrades A, B, D, and E with a specified minimum yield point of 34 ksi 235 MPa, and1.2.2 Higher StrengthGrades AH, DH, EH, and
4、FH with a specified minimum yield point of 46 ksi 315 MPa, 51 ksi 350MPa, or 57 ksi 390 MPa.1.3 Shapes and bars are normally available as Grades A, AH32, and AH36. Other grades may be furnished by agreementbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer.1.4 The maximum thickness of products furnished und
5、er this specification is 4 in. 100 mm for plates and 2 in. 50 mm forshapes and bars.1.5 When the steel is to be welded, it is presupposed that a welding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intended useor service will be utilized. See Appendix X3 of Specification A6/A6M for information on w
6、eldability.1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be usedindependently of the other. Combin
7、ing values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet PilingA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of
8、Steel ProductsE112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 control rolling, na steel treatment that consists of final rolling within the range used for normalizing heat treatments sothat the austenite completely recrystall
9、izes.3.1.2 thermo-mechanical controlled processing, na steel treatment that consists of strict control of the steel temperature andthe rolling reduction. A high proportion of the rolling reduction is to be carried out close to or below the Ar3 transformationtemperature and may involve rolling toward
10、s the lower end of the temperature range of the intercritical dual-phase region, thuspermitting little if any recrystallization of the austenite. The process may involve accelerated cooling on completion of rolling.4. Ordering Information4.1 Specification A6/A6M establishes the rules for the orderin
11、g information that should be complied with when purchasingmaterial to this specification.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.02on Structural Steel for Bridges, Buildings,
12、Rolling Stock and Ships.Current edition approved March 1, 2008Nov. 1, 2013. Published March 2008November 2013. Originally approved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 20072008as A131/A131M 07.A131/A131M 08. DOI: 10.1520/A0131_A0131M-08.10.1520/A0131_A0131M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, v
13、isit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM stan
14、dard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by AST
15、M is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 Additional ordering considerations specific to this specification are:4.2
16、.1 Condition (control rolled or thermo-mechanical control processed, if applicable).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Rimmed steelsThe steel shall not be applied.killed.5.2 Except for Grades A and B steel, semi-killed steels shall not be applied.5.2 Grades D, E, AH32, AH36, AH40, DH32, DH36, DH40, EH3
17、2, EH36, EH40, FH32, FH36, and FH40 shall be made usinga fine grain practice. For ordinary-strength grades, aluminum shall be used to obtain grain refinement. For higher-strength grades,aluminum, vanadium, or columbium (niobium) may be used for grain refinement.5.3 Plates in all thicknesses ordered
18、to Grade E shall be normalized, or thermo-mechanical control processed. Plates over 138in. 35 mm in thickness ordered to Grade D shall be normalized, control rolled, or thermo-mechanical control processed. See Table1.5.4 Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grades EH32 and EH36 shall be normalized,
19、or thermo-mechanical control processed.Plates in all thicknesses ordered to Grade EH40, FH32, FH36, and FH40 shall be normalized, thermo-mechanical controlprocessed, or quenched and tempered. Plates ordered to GradesAH32,AH36,AH40, DH32, DH36, and DH40 shall be normalized,control rolled, thermo-mech
20、anical control processed, or quenched and tempered when so specified. See Table 2.5.5 In the case of shapes, the thicknesses referred to are those of the flange. Heat treatment and rolling requirements for shapesand bars are given in Table 1 and Table 2.6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The heat analysis
21、shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition given in Table 3 and Table 4.6.1.1 When specified, the steel shall conform on product analysis to the requirements given in Table 3 and Table 4, subject tothe product analysis tolerances in Specification A6/A6M.6.2 For thermo-mechanical cont
22、rol process steel, the carbon equivalent shall be determined from the heat analysis and shallconform to the requirements given in Table 5.7. Metallurgical Structure7.1 The steel grades indicated in 5.35.2 shall be made to fine grain practice, and the requirements for fine austenitic grain sizein Spe
23、cification A6/A6M shall be met.7.2 Where the use of fine grain practice using columbium, vanadium, or combinations is permitted in 5.35.2, one or more ofthe following shall be met:TABLE 1 Condition of Supply and Frequency of Impact Tests for Ordinary-Strength Structural SteelGrade Deoxidation Produc
24、tACondition of SupplyB (Frequency of Impact TestC )Thickness (t ), in. mmt 0.25 6.4t #1.0 25t 1.0 25t #1.375 35t 1.375 35t #2.0 50t 2.0 50t #4.0 100ASemi-Killed AllA ( )NADA KilledPA ( )N ()E , TM (), CR (50 45),AR (50 45)Killed PN ()E , TM (), CR (50 45),AR (50 45)S NADBSemi-Killed AllA () A (50 45
25、)NADB KilledPA ()A (50 45)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (25 23), AR (25 23)Killed PN (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (25 23), AR (25 23)S NADD Killed, Fine GrainPractice P A (50 45), N (50 45)N (50 45),TM (50 45),CR (50 45)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (25 23)D Killed, Fine Grain PracticePA (50 45), N (50 45)N (50 45)
26、,TM (50 45),CR (50 45)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (25 23)S NADE Killed, Fine GrainPractice P N (P), TM (P) N (P), TM (P)S N (25 23), TM (25 23), CR (15 14) NADA Product: P = plate; S = shapes and barsB Condition of Supply: A = any condition; AR = as-rolled; N = normalized; CR = control rolled; TM = the
27、rmo-mechanical controlled processingC Frequency of Impact Test: (impact test lot size in tons Mg from each heat); () = no impact test required; (P) = each plate-as-rolledD Condition of supply is not applicableE Impact tests for Grade A are not required if material is produced using a fine grain prac
28、tice and normalizedA131/A131M 1327.2.1 Minimum columbium (niobium) content of 0.020 % or minimum vanadium content of 0.050 % for each heat, or7.2.2 When vanadium and aluminum are used in combi-nation, minimum vanadium content of 0.030 % and minimumacid-soluble aluminum content of 0.010 %, or minimum
29、 total aluminum content of 0.015 %.7.2.3 When columbium (niobium) and aluminum are used in combination, minimum columbium (niobium) content of 0.010 %and minimum acid-soluble aluminum content of 0.010 %, or minimum total aluminum content of 0.015 %.7.2.4 A McQuaid-Ehn austenitic grain size of 5 or f
30、iner in accordance with Test Methods E112 for each ladle of each heat.8. Mechanical Requirements8.1 Tension Test:8.1.1 Except as specified in the following paragraphs, the material as represented by the test specimens shall conform to thetensile requirements prescribed in Table 6.8.1.1.1 Shapes less
31、 than 1 in.2 645 mm2 in cross section, and bars, other than flats, less than 12 in. 12.5 mm in thickness ordiameter need not be subjected to tension tests by the manufacturer, but chemistry consistent with the required tensile propertiesmust be applied.8.1.1.2 The elongation requirement of Table 6 d
32、oes not apply to floor plates with a raised pattern. However, for floor plates over12 in. 12.5 mm in thickness, test specimens shall be bent cold with the raised pattern on the inside of the specimen through anangle of 180 without cracking when subjected to a bend test in which the inside diameter i
33、s three times plate thickness. Samplingfor bend testing shall be as specified for the tension tests in 8.1.2.TABLE 2 Condition of Supply and Frequency of Impact Tests for Higher-Strength Structural SteelGrade Deoxidation Grain RefiningElement ProductACondition of SupplyB (Frequency of Impact TestC )
34、Thickness (t ), in. mmt 0.25 6.4t #0.5 12.5t 0.512.5t #0.8020t 0.80 20t #1.0 25t 1.0 25t #1.375 35t 1.375 35t #2.0 50tt #AH32AH36Killed, FineGrainPracticeCbVP A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) N (50 45), TMS A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45), AR (25 23)Al P A (50 45)AR (25 23), N
35、(50 45) , TM(50 45), CR (5045)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (50 45) N (50 45,) TMAl + Ti S A (50 45)AR (25 23), N(50 45), TM (5045), CR (5045)N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR(50 45), AR (25 23)DH32DH36Cb P A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) N (50 45), TMV S A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45)Al
36、 P A (50 45)AR (25 23), N(50 45), TM (5045), CR (5045)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (50 45) N (50 45), TMAl + Ti S A (50 45)AR (25 23), N(50 45), TM (5045), CR (5045)N (50 45), TM (50 45),CR (50 45)EH32EH36 AnyP N (P), TM (P) N (P),S N (25 23), TM (25 23), CR (15 14)FH32FH36 AnyP N (P), TM (P), QT (P) N
37、(P),S N (25 23), TM (25 23), QT (25 23)AH40 Any P A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) N (50 45), TMAH40 Any P A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) N (50 45), TMS A (50 45) N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45)DH40 Any P N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45) N (50 45), TMDH40 Any P N (50 45),
38、TM (50 45), CR (50 45) N (50 45), TMS N (50 45), TM (50 45), CR (50 45)EH40 AnyP N (P), TM (P), QT (P) N (P),EH40 AnyP N (P), TM (P), QT (P) N (P),S N (25 23), TM (25 23), CR (25 23)S N (25 23), TM (25 23), CR (25 23)FH40 AnyP N (P), TM (P), QQT (P) N (P),S N (25 23), TM (25), CR (25 23)A Product: P
39、 = plate; S = shapes and barsB Condition of Supply:A= any condition;AR = as-rolled;TM = thermo-mechanical controlled processing; CR = control rolled; QT= quenched and tempered; N = normalizedC Frequency of Impact Test: (impact test lot size in tons Mg from each heat); (P) = each plate-as-rolledD Con
40、dition of supply is not applicableA131/A131M 133TABLE 3 Chemical Requirements for Ordinary-Strength Structural SteelElementChemical Composition (heat analysis), % max unless otherwise specifiedAGrade A Grade B Grade D Grade EDeoxidation and Thickness (t ), in. mmKilled or Semi-Killedt #2.0 in. 50 mm
41、Killedt 2.0 in. 50 mmKilled or Semi-Killedt #2.0 in. 50 mmKilledt 2.0 in. 50 mmKilled, FineGrain PracticeBKilled, FineGrain PracticeBC 0.21C 0.21 0.21 0.18Mn, min 2.5 C 0.60 0.60 0.70Si 0.50 0.35 0.100.35D 0.100.35DP 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035S 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035Ni E E E ECr E E E EMo E E E ECu E
42、E E EC + Mn/6 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40A Intentionally added elements are to be determined and reported.B Grade D steel over 1.0 in. 25 mm and Grade E steel are to contain at least one of the grain refining elements in sufficient amount to meet the fine grain practicerequirements (see Section 7).C A maxim
43、um carbon content of 0.23 % is acceptable for Grade A shapes and bars.D Where the content of acid soluble aluminum is not less than 0.015 %, the minimum required silicon content does not apply.E The contents of nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and copper are to be determined and reported. When the amou
44、nt does not exceed 0.02 %, these elements may bereported as #0.02 %.TABLE 4 Chemical Requirements for Higher-Strength Structural SteelElementChemical CompositionA (heat analysis), % max unless otherwise specifiedGrades AH/DH/EH32, AH/DH/EH36,and AH/DH/EH40 Grades FH32/36/40DeoxidationKilled, Fine Gr
45、ain PracticeB Killed, Fine Grain PracticeBC 0.18 0.16Mn 0.901.60C 0.901.60Si 0.100.50D 0.100.50DP 0.035 0.025S 0.035 0.025Al (acid soluble), minE,F 0.015 0.015CbF 0.020.05 0.020.05VF 0.050.10 0.050.10Ti 0.02 0.02Cu 0.35 0.35Cr 0.20 0.20Ni 0.40 0.40Mo 0.08 0.08N . 0.009GA The contents of any other el
46、ement intentionally added is to be determined and reported.B The steel is to contain at least one of the grain refining elements in sufficient amount to meet the fine grain practice requirement (see Section 7).C Grade AH 0.5 in. 12.5 mm and under in thickness may have a minimum manganese content of
47、0.70 %.D If the content of soluble aluminum is not less than 0.015 %, the minimum required silicon content does not apply.E The total aluminum content may be used instead of acid soluble content, in accordance with 7.1.F The indicated amount of aluminum, columbium, and vanadium applies if any such e
48、lement is used singly. If used in combination, the minimum content in 7.2.2 and 7.2.3,as appropriate, will apply.G 0.012 if aluminum is present.TABLE 5 Carbon Equivalent for Higher-Strength Structural SteelProduced by TMCPGradeCarbon EquivalentA , max, %Thickness (t ), in. mmt #2.0 in. 50 mm t 2.0 in. 50 mmt #4.0 in. 100 mmAH32, DH32, EH32, FH32 0.36 0.38AH36, DH36, EH36, FH36 0.38 0.40AH40, DH40, EH40, FH40 0.40 0.42A The following carbon equivalent formula shall be used to calculate the carbonequivalent, Ceq:
