1、Designation: A1098/A1098M 16Standard Specification forWelded Austenitic Alloy Steel Boiler, Superheater,Condenser, and Heat Exchanger Tubes with TexturedSurface(s)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1098/A1098M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of
2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers average or minimum-wallthickness
3、welded tubes made from various grades of austeniticalloy steel materials in which the (1) external tube surface, (2)internal tube surface, or (3) both internal and external tubesurfaces have a textured configuration for improved heattransfer or fluid flow or both. Texture surface(s) are producedby c
4、old forming a specified configuration on the surface(s) ofbase strip material, prior to welding. The produced weldedtextured tubes may be used in boilers, superheaters,condensers, evaporators, heat exchangers, and other similarheat transfer apparatus in diameters up to and including 1.5 in.38 mm for
5、 various wall thicknesses up to and including 0.079in. 2 mm.1.2 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished tothis specification are38 in. 10 mm inside diameter (ID) to 1.5in. 38 mm outside diameter and 0.020 to 0.079 in. 0.5 to 2mm, inclusive, in wall thickness. Tubing having other dimen-sio
6、ns may be furnished provided such tubes comply with allother requirements of this specification.1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and,when one or more of these are desired, each shall be so statedin the order.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be re
7、garded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with thestandard. The in
8、ch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”designation of this specification is specified in the order.1.5 The following safety hazards statement pertains only tothe test method and the Supplementary Requirements of thisspecification. A specific warning statement is given in theSupplementary Requireme
9、nts. This standard does not purportto address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Do
10、cuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2A249/A249M Specification for Welded Austenitic SteelBoiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and CondenserTubesA262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to IntergranularAttack in Austenitic Stainless SteelsA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel Prod
11、uctsA480/A480M Specification for General Requirements forFlat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,Sheet, and StripA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, RelatedAlloys, and FerroalloysA1016/A1016M Specification for General Requirements forFerritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic All
12、oy Steel, and StainlessSteel TubesE527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in theUnified Numbering System (UNS)2.2 ASME Standard:3Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII Para UW-512.3 SAE Standards:4SAE J1086 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys(UNS)1This specification is under the jur
13、isdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.10 on Stainless and Alloy Steel Tubular Products.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2016. Published January 2017. DOI: 10.1520/A1098_A1098M-16.2For referenced ASTM standards
14、, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquar
15、ters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.4Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international s
16、tandard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.
17、 Terminology3.1 For definitions of general terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology A941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 plain cylindrical ring gauges, na cylindrical metalring whose inside diameter is furnished to gauge tolerance.3.2.2 plain ending, nportion of
18、 the tube that has nosurface texture.3.2.3 primary character, nlargest texture impressed onmaterial.3.2.4 primary pattern, ncombination of primary charac-ters.3.2.5 secondary character, nfinecut texture impressed onmaterial.3.2.6 secondary pattern, ncombination of secondary char-acters.3.2.7 texture
19、d surface, nimpressing a series of charactersor textures into the material with the intent of improving heattransfer and fluid flow characteristics in the final welded tube.3.3 Symbols:3.3.1 Doutside tube diameter-nominal3.3.2 Diinside tube diameter3.3.3 ID1top of primary character to bottom of seco
20、ndarycharacter. See Fig. 1 cross section A-A for view of primarycharacter and secondary character pattern.3.3.4 ID2top of primary character to top of secondarycharacter3.3.5 ID3top of secondary character to top of secondarycharacter3.3.6 ID4top of primary character to bottom of primarycharacter at i
21、ntersection of the base (each on opposite sides ofthe tube)3.3.7 ID5top of primary character to top of primarycharacter (each on opposite sides of the tube)3.3.8 ID6top of secondary character to bottom of second-ary character3.3.9 Paangle of the primary character unit (if any)3.3.10 Paangle of the s
22、econdary character unit (if any)3.3.11 Pcprimary character center spacing3.3.12 Pdprimary character diameter3.3.13 Phiprimary character height (inside)3.3.14 Phoprimary character height (outside)3.3.15 Scsecondary character center spacing3.3.16 Sdsecondary character diameter3.3.17 Shisecondary chara
23、cter height (inside)3.3.18 Shosecondary character height (outside)3.3.19 Wwall thickness (no pattern)3.3.20 W1wall thickness peak inside to valley outside(secondary character)3.3.21 W2wall thickness valley inside to peak outside(secondary character)3.3.22 W3wall thickness base of primary character3.
24、3.23 W4wall thickness in wall of the primary character4. Ordering Information4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify allrequirements that are necessary for product ordered under thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (fe
25、et, metres, or number of lengths);4.1.2 Name of material welded tubes (WLD);4.1.3 Grade (refer to Table 1);4.1.4 Size (outside diameter and wall thickness);4.1.5 Length (specific or random);4.1.6 Hydrostatic testing or non-destructive electric testing(see Section 16);4.1.7 Test report required (see
26、Certification Section ofSpecification A1016/A1016M);4.1.8 Specification designation;4.1.9 Special requirements and any supplementary require-ments selected.FIG. 1 Views of a Representative Textured Tube Showing Variables that Describe the Possible Primary and Secondary Texturizationsthat May be Appl
27、ied to the Inside Surface of a Tube, Outside Surface of the Tube, or Both the Inside and Outside Surfaces of the TubeA1098/A1098M 1624.1.9.1 Additional requirements may include the variousinside or outside diameters (Fig. 1), texture wall thicknessvalues (see Fig. 3), and length of untextured sectio
28、ns ifrequired; effective diameter and wall thickness of the modifiedFIG. 2 Details Regarding the Sample Representative Geometry of the Patterns Used to Texture the Flat Strip Material before It is Usedto Create a Welded TubeTABLE 1 Chemical Composition Requirements, %AUNSDesignationBTypeCCarbonDMang
29、anese Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Nitrogen Copper OtherElementsE,FAustenitic (Chromium-Nickel) (Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum)N08904 904L 0.020 2.00 0.045 0.035 1.00 19.023.0 23.028.0 4.005.00 0.10 1.002.00 . . .S30103 301LG0.03 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 6.08.0 . . . 0.20
30、. . . . . .S30153 301LNG0.03 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 16.018.0 6.08.0 . . . 0.070.20 . . . . . .S30200 302 0.15 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 17.019.0 8.010.0 . . . 0.10 . . . . . .S30400 304 0.07 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 17.519.5 8.010.5 . . . 0.10 . . . . . .S30403 304L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 17.519.5 8.01
31、2.0 . . . 0.10 . . . . . .S30415 . . . 0.040.06 0.80 0.045 0.030 1.002.00 18.019.0 9.010.0 . . . 0.120.18 . . . Ce0.030.08S30441 . . . 0.08 2.0 0.045 0.030 1.02.0 17.519.5 8.010.5 . . . 0.10 1.52.5 Nb0.10.5W 0.20.8S30451 304N 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.020.0 8.010.5 . . . 0.100.16 . . . . . .S304
32、53 304LN 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.020.0 8.012.0 . . . 0.100.16 . . . . . .S31600 316 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 0.10 . . . . . .S31603 316L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 0.10 . . . . . .S31635 316TiG0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 16.018.0 10.014.
33、0 2.003.00 0.10 . . . Ti 5C+N) min,0.70 maxS31640 316CbG0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 0.10 . . . Nb 10 min, 1.10maxS31651 316N 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 0.100.16 . . . . . .S31653 316LN 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 16.018.0 10.014.0 2.003.00 0.100.1
34、6 . . . . . .S31700 317 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.020.0 11.015.0 3.04.0 0.10 . . . . . .S31703 317L 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.020.0 11.015.0 3.04.0 0.10 . . . . . .S31725 317LM 0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.020.0 13.517.5 4.05.0 0.20 . . . . . .S31726 317LMGN0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 17.
35、020.0 13.517.5 4.05.0 0.100.20 . . . . . .S31727 . . . 0.030 1.00 0.030 0.030 1.00 17.51930 15.516.5 3.84.5 0.150.21 2.804.00 . . .S31753 317LNG0.030 2.00 0.045 0.030 0.75 18.020.0 11.015.0 3.04.0 0.100.22 . . . . . .AMaximum unless range or minimum is indicated.BDesignation established in accordanc
36、e with Practice E527 and SAE J1086.CUnless otherwise indicated, a grade designation originally assigned by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).DCarbon analysis shall be reported to nearest 0.01 % except for the low-carbon types, which shall be reported to nearest 0.001 %.EThe element columb
37、ium and its chemical symbol (Cb) are equivalent to the element niobium and its chemical symbol Nb.FWhen two minimums or two maximums are listed for a single type, as in the case of both a value from a formula and an absolute value; the higher minimum or lowermaximum shall apply.GCommon name, not a t
38、rademark, widely used, not associated with any one producer.A1098/A1098M 163section; number of secondary textured character units per unitlength; number of primary textured character units per unitlength; and the total tube length.5. General Requirements5.1 Material furnished under this specificatio
39、n shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition ofSpecification A1016/A1016M unless otherwise providedherein.6. Manufacture6.1 The strip used to form welded tubes shall be textured bycold working on one or both surfaces before being formed intoa tube.6.2 The tubes may have pla
40、in ends or have untexturedsections within the tube length as specified in the purchaseorder.6.3 The tubes shall be made from flat rolled steel using anautomatic welding process with no addition of filler metal.6.4 Subsequent to welding and before final heat treatment,the tubes may be worked only in
41、the welded portion. Coldworking and the method of cold working shall be at the optionof the manufacturer unless specified otherwise in the purchaseorder.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The heat analysis shall conform to the chemical com-position requirements given in Table 1.8. Heat Treatment8.1 Tubes sh
42、all be provided in the solution annealed condi-tion as specified in Table 2.9. Product Analysis9.1 If specified in the purchase order an analysis of the stripsupplied from the material producer will be provided to thepurchaser of the tube; however, if specified as a requirement,an analysis of either
43、 one length of flat-rolled stock or one tubeshall be made for each heat. The chemical composition thusdetermined shall conform to the requirements given in Section7 and Table 1.9.2 A product analysis tolerance of Table A1.1 in Specifi-cation A480/A480M shall apply. The product analysis toler-ance is
44、 not applicable to the carbon content for material with aspecified maximum carbon of 0.04 % or less.9.3 If the original test for product analysis fails, retests oftwo additional lengths of flat-rolled stock or tubes shall bemade. Both retests for the elements in question shall meet therequirements o
45、f the specification; otherwise, all remainingmaterial in the heat or lot (refer to Section 18 and Table 3) shallbe rejected or, at the option of the producer, each length ofFIG. 3 Details Regarding the Wall Thickness of the Representative Sample Geometry of the Patterns Used to Texture the Flat Stri
46、p Ma-terial before It is Used to Create a Welded TubeTABLE 2 Heat Treatment RequirementsDesignation/Type TemperatureACooling/TestingRequirementsAustenitic (Chromium-Nickel) (Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum)All Cr-Ni steels exceptthe following:1900F 1040CBN08904 2000F 1095CCS31727 1975 to 2155F 1080 to 11
47、80CCAMinimum unless otherwise indicated.BQuenched in water or rapidly cooled by other means at a rate sufficient to preventreprecipitation of carbides as demonstrable by the capability of passing the test forresistance to intergranular corrosion specified in S7.CQuenched in water or rapidly cooled b
48、y other means.TABLE 3 Number of Tubes in a Lot Heat Treated by theContinuous ProcessSize of Tube Size of LotLess than or equal to 1.5 in. 38 mm but over1 in. 25 mm in outside diameter or over1 in. 25 mm in outside diameter and under orequal to 0.079 in. 2 mm in wall thicknessNot more than 75 tubes1
49、in. 25 mm or less in outside diameter Not more than 125 tubesA1098/A1098M 164flat-rolled stock or tube may be individually tested for accep-tance. Lengths of flat-rolled stock or tubes that do not meet therequirements of this specification shall be rejected.9.4 Any tests that are specified and required are performedon textured lengths of the tube in accordance with thisspecification need not be performed on both the textured andthe plain sect
