1、 STD-ASME PTC 4b-ENGL 177b m 0757b70 0587710 473 m ASME PTC 46-1 996 Performance Test Code on Overall Plant Performance i Date of Issuance: October 15, 1997 This document will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of the next edition. There will be no addenda issued to ASME PTC 46-1996.
2、Please Note: ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretation of technical aspects of this document. The interpretations are not part of the document. PTC 46-1 996 is being issued with an automatic subscription service to the interpreta- tions that will be issued to it up to the pu
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8、g ASME procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical En
9、gineers 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 1 O01 7 Copyright O 1997 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A. STD-ASME PTC 4b-ENGL L99b 0759670 0587732 2+b W FOREWORD (This Forword is not a part of ASME PTC 46-1 996.) Code Origins ASME Performance Test Cod
10、es (PTCs) have been developed and have long existed for determining the performance of most major components used in electric power production facilities. A Performance Test Code has heretofore not existed to determine the overall performance of a power production facility. Changes in the electric p
11、ower generation industry have increased the need for a code addressing overall power plant performance testing. In response to these needs, the ASME Board on Performance Test Codes approved the formation of a committee (PTC 46) in June 1991 with the charter of developing a code for the determination
12、 of overall power plant performance. The organizational meeting of this Committee was held in September 1991. The resulting Committee included experi- enced and qualified users, manufacturers, and general interest category personnel from both the regulated and non-regulated electric power generating
13、 industry. In developing this Code, the Committee reviewed common industry practices with regard to overall power plant and cogeneration facility testing. The Committee was not able to identify any general consensus testing methods, and discovered many conflicting philosophies. The Committee has str
14、ived to develop an objective code which addresses the multiple needs for explicit testing methods and procedures, while attempting to provide maximum flexibility in recognition of the wide range of plant designs and the multiple needs for this Code. This Code was approved by the PTC 46 Committee on
15、May 10, 1996. It was then approved and adopted by the Council as a Standard practice of the Society by action of the Board on Performance Test Codes on October 14, 1996. It was also approved as an American National Standard by the ANSI Board of Standards Review on November 27, 1996. iii STD-ASME PTC
16、 Yb-ENGL L99b 0759b70 0587733 L82 PERSONNEL OF PERFORMANCE TEST CODE COMMITTEE 46 OVERALL PLANT PERFORMANCE (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Code.) OFFICERS J. G. Yost, Chair J. R. Friedman, Vice Chair J. H. Karian, Secretary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL P. G. Alb
17、ert, General Electric Co. K. S. Brooks, Jacobs Sirrine Engineering N. E. Cowden, Southern Electric International M. 1. Dooley, ABB CE Services H. W. Faire, Jr., Destec Energy, Inc. J. C. Stewart, Alternate, Destec Energy, Inc. (retired) J. R. Friedman, Westinghouse Electric Corp. M. C. Godden, Babco
18、ck however, the guiding principles, mea- surement methods, and calculation procedures are predicated on electricity being the primary output. As a result, a test of a facility with a low proportion of electric output may not be capable of meeting the expected test uncertainties of this Code. This Co
19、de provides explicit procedures for the determination of power plant thermal performance and electrical output. Test results provide a measure of the performance of a power plant or thermal island at a specified cycle configuration, operating disposition and/or fixed power level, and at a unique set
20、 of base reference conditions. Test results can then be used as defined by a contract for the basis of determination of fulfillment of contract guarantees. Test results can also be used by a plant owner, for either comparison to a design number, or to trend performance changes over time of the overa
21、ll plant. The results of a test conducted in accordance with this Code will not provide a basis for comparing the thermoeconomic effectiveness of different plant designs. Power plants are comprised of many equipment components. Test data required by this Code may also provide limited performance inf
22、ormation for some of this equipment; however, this Code was not designed to facilitate simultaneous code level testing of individual equipment. ASME PTCs which address testing of major power plant equipment provide a determination of the individual equipment isolated from the rest of the system. PTC
23、 46 has been designed to determine the performance of the entire heat-cycle as an integrated system. Where the performance of individual equipment operating within the constraints of their design-specified condi- tions are of interest, ASME PTCs developed for the testing of specific components shoul
24、d be used. Likewise, determining overall thermal performance by combining the results of ASME code tests con- ASME PTC 46-1996 ducted on each plant component is not an acceptable alternative to a PTC 46 test. 0.2 GUIDANCE IN USING THIS CODE As with all PTCs, PTC 46 was developed primarily to address
25、 the needs of contract acceptance or compliance testing. This is not intended, however, to limit or prevent the use of this Code for other types of testing where the accurate determination of overall power plant performance is required. This Code is not a tutorial. It is intended for use by persons
26、experienced in petformance testing. A working knowledge of power plant operations, ther- modynamic analysis, test measurement methods, and the use, control, and calibration of measuring and test equipment are presumed prerequisites. Proper use and interpretation of this Code also requires a working
27、knowledge of ASME Performance Test Codes. At a minimum, users of this Code should be familiar and knowledgeable with the following: PTC 1, General Instructions PTC 19.1 , Measurement Uncertainty Other PTC 19 Instrument and Apparatus Supple- ment series codes and the applicable PTC 3 series on fuel s
28、ampling and analysis may need to be consulted during the planning and preparation phases of a test. In addition, some measurement methods specified in PTC 46 refer to PTCs for testing of specific equipment. Use of PTC 46 is recommended whenever the performance of a heat-cycle power plant must be det
29、ermined with minimum uncertainty. It is suitable for incorporation into commercial agreements as the means of determining fulfillment of contract obligations. However, incorporation of PTC 46 into a contract does not eliminate the need for test planning. PTC 46 provides the protocol, or frame- work,
30、 for a test. As defined in Section 3, the use of PTC 46 requires the development of a detailed test plan that must be approved by all parties to the test. This test plan must be reviewed and approved by all parties prior to the start of testing. 1 OVERALL PLANT PERFORMANCE SECTION ASME PTC 46-1996 1
31、 OBJECT AND SCOPE 1.1 OBJECT The objective of this Code is to provide uniform test methods and procedures for the determination of the thermal performance and electrical output of heat-cycle electric power plants and cogeneration facilities. This Code provides explicit procedures for the determinati
32、on of the following performance results: corrected net power corrected heat rate corrected heat input Tests may be designed to satisfy different goals, including: 0 specified disposition specified net corrected power specified net power 1.2 SCOPE This Code applies to any plant size. It can be used t
33、o measure the performance of a plant in its normal operating condition, with all equipment in a clean and fully-functional condition. This Code provides explicit methods and procedures for com- bined-cycle power ptants and for most gas, liquid, and solid fueled Rankine cycle plants. There is no inte
34、nt to restrict the use of this Code for other types of heat-cycle power plants, providing the explicit procedures can be met. It does not, however, apply to simple-cycle gas turbine power plants (see ASME PTC 22 instead). The scope of this Code begins for a gas turbine-based power generating unit wh
35、en a heat-recovery steam generator is included within the test boundary. To test a particular power plant or cogeneration facility, the following conditions must be met. fa) a means must be available to determine, through either direct or indirect measurements, all of the heat inputs entering the te
36、st boundary and all of the electrical power and secondary outputs leaving the test boundary; (b) a means must be available to determine, through either direct or indirect measurements, all of the parameters to correct the results from the test to the base reference condition; (c) the test result unc
37、ertainties are expected to be less than or equal to the uncertainties given in Subsec- tion 1.3 for the applicable plant type; and fd) the working fluid for vapor cycles must be steam. This restriction is imposed only to the extent that other fluids may require measurements or mea- surement methods
38、different from those provided by this Code for steam cycles. In addition, this Code does not provide specific references for the properties of working fluids other than steam. Tests addressing other power plant performance- related issues are outside the scope of this Code. These include the followi
39、ng: emissions tests: testing to verify compliance with regu- latory emissions levels (e.g., airborne gaseous and par- ticulate, solid and wastewater, noise, etc.), or required for calibration and certification of emission-monitor- ing systems. operational demonstration tests: the various standard po
40、wer plant tests typically conducted during start- up, or periodically thereafter, to demonstrate specified operating capabilities (e.g., minimum load operation, automatic load control and load ramp rate, fuel switching capability, etc.). reliability tests: tests conducted over an extended pe- riod o
41、f days or weeks to demonstrate the capability of the power plant to produce a specified minimum output level or availability. The measurement meth- ods, calculations, and corrections to design conditions included herein may be of use in designing tests of this type; however, this Code does not addre
42、ss this type of testing in terms of providing explicit testing procedures or acceptance criteria. 1.3 TEST UNCERTAINTY The explicit measurement methods and procedures have been developed to provide a test of the highest 3 ASME PTC 46-1 996 OVERALL PLANT PERFORMANCE TABLE 1.1 LARGEST EXPECTED TEST UN
43、CERTAINTIES Type of Plant Description Corrected Corrected Heat Rate Net Power (YO) (%) Simple cycle with steam generation Gas turbine with exhaust heat used for steam generation 1 .S Combined cycles Combined gas turbine and steam turbine 1 .S cycles with or without supplemental firing to a steam gen
44、erator 1 .o 1 .o Steam cycle Direct steam input (e.g. geothermal) 1 .S 1 .o Steam cycle Consistent liquid or gas fuel 1.5 1 .o Steam cycle Consistent solid fuel 3.0 1 .o level of accuracy consistent with practical limita- tions. Any departure from Code requirements could introduce additional uncerta
45、inty beyond that consid- ered acceptable to meet the objectives of the Code. It is recognized there is a diverse range of power plant designs which can be generally categorized for purposes of establishing testing methods and uncertainties, The uncertainty levels achievable from testing in accordanc
46、e with this Code are dependent on the plant type, specific design complexity, and consistency of operation during a test. The largest expected test uncertainties are given in Table 1. If a plant design does not clearly fall under one of the categories included in Table 1, the parties must reach agre
47、ement on the most appropriate category. The Table 1 values are not targets. A primary philosophy underlying this Code is that the lowest achievable uncertainty is in the best interest of all parties to the test. Deviations from the methods recommended in this Code are acceptable only if it can be de
48、monstrated they provide equal or lower uncertainty. A pretest uncertainty analysis shall be performed to establish the expected level of uncertainties for the test. Most tests conducted in accordance with this Code will result in uncertainties that are lower than those shown in Table l. If the prete
49、st uncertainty analysis indicates that the test uncertainty is greater than that listed in Table 1, the test must be redesigned so as to lower the test uncertainty or the parties to the test may agree, in writing, to higher uncertainty. A post-test uncertainty analysis is also required to validate the test. If the post-test uncertainty is higher than the agreed upon maximum expected uncer- tainty, then the test is not valid. 4 STD-ASME PTC “lb-ENGL L776 D 0757670 0587720 312 OVERALL PLANT PERFORMANCE ASME PTC 46-1996 2.1 SYMBOLS ul,Al: additive correction fac
