1、Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange Joint AssemblyAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME PCC-12010(Revision of ASME PCC-12000)Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTENTIONALLY LE
2、FT BLANKCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME PCC-12010(Revision of ASME PCC-12000)Guidelines forPressure BoundaryBolted Flange JointAssemblyAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDCopyright A
3、SME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: March 5, 2010This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There willbe no addenda issued to this ed
4、ition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisdocument. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechani
5、cal Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to pa
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7、ice, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor ass
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10、s.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGI
11、NEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . vi1 Scope. 12 Introduction. 13 Training, Qualification, and Certificat
12、ion of Joint Assembly Personnel . 14 Cleaning and Examination of Flange and Fastener Contact Surfaces . 15 Alignment of Flanged Joints 26 Installation of Gasket 27 Lubrication of “Working” Surfaces 58 Installation of Bolts 59 Numbering of Bolts When a Single Tool Is Used . 610 Tightening of Bolts 61
13、1 Tightening Sequence When a Single Tool Is Used . 1012 Target Torque Determination 1013 Joint Pressure and Tightness Testing 1114 Records . 1115 Joint Disassembly . 1516 References 16Figures1 Indicator-Type Bolting for Through-Bolted Joints 82 Indicator-Type Bolting for Studded Joints . 93 Example
14、Legacy Pattern 12-Bolt Tightening Sequence . 144 48-Bolt Flange Bolt Grouping Example 15Tables1M Reference Values for Calculating Target Torque Values for Low-Alloy SteelBolting Based on Target Prestress of 345 MPa (Root Area) (SI Units) . 31 Reference Values for Calculating Target Torque Values for
15、 Low-Alloy SteelBolting Based on Target Prestress of 50 ksi (Root Area) (U.S. CustomaryUnits) . 42 Torque Increments for Legacy Cross-Pattern Tightening Using a Single Tool 73 Recommended Tool, Tightening Method, and Load-Control TechniqueSelection Based on Service Applications 114 Legacy Cross-Patt
16、ern Tightening Sequence and Bolt Numbering SystemWhen Using a Single Tool 124.1 Alternative to Legacy Cross-Pattern Tightening Sequence and BoltNumbering System When Using a Single Tool 13AppendicesA Notes Regarding Qualifying Flanged Joint Assemblers 19B Recommendations for Flanged Joint Assembly P
17、rocedure Qualification 20iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-C Recommended Gasket Contact Surface Finish for Various Gasket Types 21D Guidelines for Allowable Gasket Contact Surface
18、 Flatness and DefectDepth . 22E Flange Joint Alignment Guidelines 27F Alternatives to Legacy Tightening Sequence/Pattern 30G Use of Contractors Specializing in Bolting Services 44H Bolt Root and Tensile Stress Areas 45I Interaction During Tightening 46J Calculation of Target Torque 47K Nut Factor Ca
19、lculation of Target Torque 48L ASME B16.5 Flange Bolting Information 49M Washer Usage Guidance and Purchase Specification for Through-HardenedWashers . 50N Definitions, Commentary, and Guidelines on the Reuse of Bolts . 55O Assembly Bolt Stress Determination 57P Guidance on Troubleshooting Flanged J
20、oint Leakage Incidents . 69ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORDASME formed an Ad Hoc Task Group on Post Construction in 1993 in response to an increasedneed for recognized an
21、d generally accepted engineering standards for the inspection and mainte-nance of pressure equipment after it has been placed in service. At the recommendation of thisTask Group, the Board on Pressure Technology Codes and Standards (BPTCS) formed the PostConstruction Committee (PCC) in 1995. The sco
22、pe of this committee was to develop and maintainstandards addressing common issues and technologies related to post-construction activities andto work with other consensus committees in the development of separate, product-specific codesand standards addressing issues encountered after initial const
23、ruction for equipment and pipingcovered by Pressure Technology Codes and Standards. The BPTCS covers non-nuclear boilers,pressure vessels (including heat exchangers), piping and piping components, pipelines, andstorage tanks.The PCC selects standards to be developed based on identified needs and the
24、 availability ofvolunteers. The PCC formed the Subcommittee on Inspection Planning and the Subcommitteeon Flaw Evaluation in 1995. In 1998, a Task Group under the PCC began preparation of Guidelinesfor Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange Joint Assembly and in 1999 the Subcommittee on Repairand Testing w
25、as formed. Other topics are under consideration and may possibly be developedinto future guideline documents.The subcommittees were charged with preparing standards dealing with several aspects of thein-service inspection and maintenance of pressure equipment and piping. Guidelines for PressureBound
26、ary Bolted Flange Joint Assembly (PCC-1) provides guidance and is applicable to both newand in-service bolted flange joint assemblies. The Inspection Planning Using Risk-Based MethodsStandard (PCC-3) provides guidance on the preparation of a risk-based inspection plan. Imperfec-tions found at any st
27、age of assembly, installation, inspection, operation, or maintenance are thenevaluated, when appropriate, using the procedures provided in the Fitness-For-Service Standard(API 579-1/ASME FFS-1). If it is determined that repairs are required, guidance on repair proce-dures is provided in the appropri
28、ate portion of the Repair ofPressure Equipmentand Piping Standard(PCC-2). To provide all stakeholders involved in pressure equipment with a guide to identifypublications related to pressure equipment integrity, a Guide to Life Cycle Management of PressureEquipment Integrity has been prepared (PTB-2)
29、.None of these documents are Codes. They provide recognized and generally accepted goodpractices that may be used in conjunction with Post-Construction Codes, such as API 510, API 570,and NB-23, and with jurisdictional requirements.The first edition of ASME PCC-1, Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bo
30、lted Flange Joint Assembly,was approved for publication in 2000. This revision was approved by ANSI as an AmericanNational Standard on January 14, 2010.vCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
31、-,-,-ASME PRESSURE TECHNOLOGYPOST CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSD. A. Lang, Sr., ChairJ. R. Sims, Jr., Vice ChairS. J. Rossi, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELG. A. Antaki, Becht Engineer
32、ing Co., Inc.J. E. Batey, The Dow Chemical Co.C. Becht IV, Becht Engineering Co., Inc.D. L. Berger, PPL Generation LLCW. Brown, The Equity Engineering GroupP. N. Chaku, Lummus Technology, Inc.E. W. Hayman, ConsultantW. J. Koves, RetiredD. A. Lang, FM GlobalD. E. Lay, HytorcC. R. Leonard, Life Cycle
33、EngineeringK. Mokhtarian, ConsultantC. C. Neely, Becht Engineering Co., Inc.POST CONSTRUCTION SUBCOMMITTEE ON FLANGE JOINT ASSEMBLY (PCC)C. C. Neely, Chair, Becht Engineering Co., Inc.B. J. Barron, Northrop Grumman Newport NewsW. Brown, The Equity Engineering GroupE. W. Hayman, ConsultantD. E. Lay,
34、HytorcviT. M. Parks, The National Board of Boiler and Pressure VesselInspectorsJ. R. Payne, JPAC, Inc.J. T. Reynolds, Pro-Inspect, Inc.S. C. Roberts, Shell Global Solutions (US), Inc.C. D. Rodery, BP North American Products, Inc.S. J. Rossi, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersC. W. Rowley,
35、The Wesley Corp.J. R. Sims, Jr., Becht Engineering Co., Inc.K. Oyamada, DelegateT. Tahara, DelegateC. D. Cowfer, Contributing Member, ConsultantE. Michalopoulos, Contributing Member, City of Kozani, GreeceG. Milne, HydratightJ. R. Payne, JPAC, Inc.C. D. Rodery, BP North American Products, Inc.J. Wat
36、erland, Virginia Sealing Products, Inc.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME PCC-12010GUIDELINES FOR PRESSURE BOUNDARYBOLTED FLANGE JOINT ASSEMBLY1 SCOPEThe bolted flange joint asse
37、mbly (BFJA) guidelinesdescribed in this document apply to pressure-boundaryflanged joints with ring-type gaskets that are entirelywithin the circle enclosed by the bolt holes and with nocontact outside this circle.1By selection of those featuressuitable to the specific service or need, these guideli
38、nesmay be used to develop effective joint assembly proce-dures for the broad range of sizes and service conditionsnormally encountered in industry.Guidance on troubleshooting BFJAs not providingleak-tight performance is also provided in this document(Appendix P).2 INTRODUCTIONA BFJA is a complex mec
39、hanical device; therefore,BFJAs that provide leak-free service are the result ofmany selections/activities having been made/per-formed within a relatively narrow band of acceptablelimits. One of the activities essential to leak-free per-formance is the joint assembly process. The guidelinesoutlined
40、in this document cover the assembly elementsessential for a high level of leak-tightness integrity ofotherwise properly designed/constructed BFJAs. It isrecommended that written procedures, incorporatingthe features of these guidelines that are deemed suitableto the specific application under consid
41、eration, be devel-oped for use by the joint assemblers. Alternative featuresand methods for specific applications may be used sub-ject to endorsement by the user or his designated agent.3 TRAINING, QUALIFICATION, AND CERTIFICATIONOF JOINT ASSEMBLY PERSONNELIt is recommended that the user or his desi
42、gnatedagent provide, or arrange to have provided, as appro-priate, essential training and qualification testing of thejoint assembly personnel who will be expected to followprocedures developed from this Guideline. Notes1Rules for design of bolted flanges with ring-type gaskets arecovered in Mandato
43、ry Appendix 2 of ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1; see also NonmandatoryAppendix S for supplementary considerations for bolted flangesthat are helpful to the designer of Appendix 2 flanges.1regarding qualifying flanged joint assemblers are pro-vided in Appendix A.See sec
44、tion F-2 of Appendix F for comments onaccepting flange joint assembly procedures not currentlylisted in these guidelines.4 CLEANING AND EXAMINATION OF FLANGE ANDFASTENER CONTACT SURFACESBefore assembly is started, clean and examine flangeand fastener contact surfaces as described in this section.Wit
45、h one exception, remove all indications of the pre-vious gasket installation from the gasket contact sur-faces; use approved solvents and/or soft-wire brushes,if required, for cleaning to prevent surface contamina-tion and damage to existing surface finish. Avoid usingcarbon steel brushes on stainle
46、ss steel flanges.The exception based on experience is flexible graphitethat may remain in the surface finish grooves wheneither a flexible graphite clad or a spiral-wound gasketwith flexible graphite filler is to be used as the replace-ment gasket.(a) Examine the gasket contact surfaces of both mat-
47、ing joint flanges for compliance with recommended sur-face finish (see Appendix C) and for damage to surfacefinish such as scratches, nicks, gouges, and burrs. Indica-tions running radially across the facing are of particularconcern. Refer to Appendix D for guidelines coveringrecommended limits on g
48、asket contact surface imperfec-tions and their locations.(1) It is recommended that surface-finish compara-tor gages be available to joint assembly personnel.(2) Report any questionable imperfections forappropriate disposition. If weld repair of imperfectionsis deemed to be required, see ASME PCC-2,
49、 Article 3.5for repair considerations. Appendix C provides recom-mended final surface finishes.(b) When working with problematic or critical servicesee Note (1) of Table 3 flanges of large diameter withleak histories or suspect fabrication, it is recommendedto check gasket contact surfaces of both joint flanges forflatness, both radially and circumferentia
