1、 (API 579 SECOND EDITION) API 579-1/ASME FFS-1, JUNE 5, 2007 Fitness-For-Service ii API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007 Fitness-For-Service FOREWORD This standard is based on and supercedes the American Petroleum Institutes Recommended Practice 579, Fitness-For-Service. In contrast to the straightforward and
2、conservative calculations that are typically found in design codes, more sophisticated assessment of metallurgical conditions and analyses of local stresses and strains can more precisely indicate whether operating equipment is fit for its intended service or whether particular fabrication defects o
3、r in-service deterioration threaten its integrity. Such analyses offer a sound basis for decisions to continue to run as is or to alter, repair, monitor, retire or replace the equipment. The publication of the American Petroleum Institutes Recommended Practice 579, Fitness-For-Service, in January 20
4、00 provided the refining and petrochemical industry with a compendium of consensus methods for reliable assessment of the structural integrity of equipment containing identified flaws or damage. API RP 579 was written to be used in conjunction with the refining and petrochemical industrys existing c
5、odes for pressure vessels, piping and aboveground storage tanks (API 510, API 570 and API 653). The standardized Fitness-For-Service assessment procedures presented in API RP 579 provide technically sound consensus approaches that ensure the safety of plant personnel and the public while aging equip
6、ment continues to operate, and can be used to optimize maintenance and operation practices, maintain availability and enhance the long-term economic performance of plant equipment. Recommended Practice 579 was prepared by a committee of the American Petroleum Institute with representatives of the Ch
7、emical Manufacturers Association, as well as some individuals associated with related industries. It grew out of a resource document developed by a Joint Industry Program on Fitness-For-Service administered by The Materials Properties Council. Although it incorporated the best practices known to the
8、 committee members, it was written as a Recommended Practice rather than as a mandatory standard or code. While API was developing Fitness-For-Service methodology for the refining and petrochemical industry, ASME also began to address post-construction integrity issues. Realizing the possibility of
9、overlap, duplication and conflict in parallel standards, ASME and API formed the Fitness-For-Service Joint Committee in 2001 to develop and maintain a Fitness-For-Service standard for equipment operated in a wide range of process, manufacturing and power generation industries. It was intended that t
10、his collaboration would promote the widespread adoption of these practices by regulatory bodies. The Joint Committee included the original members of the API Committee that wrote Recommended Practice 579, complemented by a similar number of ASME members representing similar areas of expertise in oth
11、er industries such as chemicals, power generation and pulp and paper. In addition to owner representatives, it included substantial international participation and subject matter experts from universities and consulting firms. This publication is written as a standard. Its words shall and must indic
12、ate explicit requirements that are essential for an assessment procedure to be correct. The word should indicates recommendations that are good practice but not essential. The word may indicates recommendations that are optional. Most of the technology that underlies this standard was developed by t
13、he Joint Industry Program on Fitness-For-Service, administered by The Materials Properties Council. The sponsorship of the member companies of this research consortium and the voluntary efforts of their company representatives are acknowledged with gratitude. The committee encourages the broad use o
14、f the state-of-the-art methods presented here for evaluating all types of pressure vessels, boiler components, piping and tanks. The committee intends to continuously improve this standard as improved methodology is developed and as user feedback is iii received. All users are encouraged to inform t
15、he committee if they discover areas in which these procedures should be corrected, revised or expanded. Suggestions should be submitted to the Secretary, API/ASME Fitness-For-Service Joint Committee, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, or SecretaryFFS
16、asme.org. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the ASME Board on Pressure Technology Codes and Standards and the API CRE Committee and is the direct responsibility of the API/ASME Fitness-For-Service Joint Committee. The American National Standards Institute approved API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2007
17、on June 5, 2007. Although every effort has been made to assure the accuracy and reliability of the information that is presented in this standard, API and ASME make no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and expressly disclaim any liability or responsibility fo
18、r loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any regulation with which this publication may conflict. iv SPECIAL NOTES This document addresses problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.
19、 Nothing contained in this document is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in this document be construed as insuring anyone against liab
20、ility for infringement of letters patent. Neither API nor ASME nor any employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees of API or ASME make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information co
21、ntained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this document. Neither API nor ASME nor any employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees of API or ASME represent that use of this document woul
22、d not infringe upon privately owned rights. This document may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained herein; however, API and ASME make no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this document and
23、 hereby expressly disclaim any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any requirements of authorities having jurisdiction with which this document may conflict. This document is published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound eng
24、ineering and operating practices. This document is not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where this document should be utilized. The formulation and publication of this document is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other pr
25、actices. Classified areas may vary depending on the location, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any given situation. Users of this Standard should consult with the appropriate authorities having jurisdiction. Work sites and equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsibl
26、e for assessing their specific equipment and premises in determining the appropriateness of applying the Instructions. At all times users should employ sound business, scientific, engineering, and judgment safety when using this Standard. Users of this Standard should not rely exclusively on the inf
27、ormation contained in this document. Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein. API and ASME are not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their emp
28、loyees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations to comply with authorities having jurisdiction. Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and conditions should be obtain
29、ed from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety data sheet. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior
30、 written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005. Copyright 2007 by the American Petroleum Institute and The American Society of Mechanical Engineers v CONTENTS Forewordii Special Notesiv PART 1 - INTRODUCTION 1.1 Int
31、roduction .1-2 1.2 Scope1-2 1.3 Organization and Use .1-4 1.4 Responsibilities .1-4 1.4.1 Owner-User1-4 1.4.2 Inspector 1-4 1.4.3 Engineer.1-4 1.5 Qualifications.1-5 1.5.1 Education and Experience.1-5 1.5.2 Owner-User1-5 1.5.3 Inspector 1-5 1.5.4 Engineer.1-5 1.6 Definition of Terms1-5 1.7 Reference
32、s1-5 1.8 Tables .1-7 PART 2 - FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE ENGINEERING ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE 2.1 General .2-2 2.2 Applicability and Limitations of the FFS Assessment Procedures2-3 2.3 Data Requirements .2-3 2.3.1 Original Equipment Design Data .2-3 2.3.2 Maintenance and Operational History .2-5 2.3.3 Required
33、 Data/Measurements for a FFS Assessment 2-5 2.3.4 Recommendations for Inspection Technique and Sizing Requirements.2-6 2.4 Assessment Techniques and Acceptance Criteria .2-6 2.5 Remaining Life Assessment .2-9 2.6 Remediation2-10 2.7 In-Service Monitoring 2-10 2.8 Documentation2-10 2.9 Nomenclature2-
34、11 2.10 References2-11 2.11 Tables and Figures .2-12 PART 3 - ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING EQUIPMENT FOR BRITTLE FRACTURE 3.1 General .3-2 3.2 Applicability and Limitations of the Procedure3-3 3.3 Data Requirements .3-3 3.3.1 Original Equipment Design Data .3-3 3.3.2 Maintenance and Operational History .3
35、-4 3.3.3 Required Data/Measurements for a FFS Assessment 3-4 3.3.4 Recommendations for Inspection Technique and Sizing Requirements.3-5 3.4 Assessment Techniques and Acceptance Criteria .3-5 3.4.1 Overview 3-5 3.4.2 Level 1 Assessment.3-5 3.4.3 Level 2 Assessment.3-8 3.4.4 Level 3 Assessment.3-12 3.
36、5 Remaining Life Assessment Acceptability for Continued Service .3-13 3.6 Remediation3-13 vi 3.7 In-Service Monitoring 3-14 3.8 Documentation3-14 3.9 Nomenclature3-15 3.10 References3-16 3.11 Tables and Figures .3-17 PART 4 - ASSESSMENT OF GENERAL METAL LOSS 4.1 General .4-2 4.2 Applicability and Li
37、mitations of the Procedure4-2 4.3 Data Requirements .4-4 4.3.1 Original Equipment Design Data .4-4 4.3.2 Maintenance and Operational History .4-4 4.3.3 Required Data/Measurements For A FFS Assessment 4-4 4.3.4 Recommendations for Inspection Technique and Sizing Requirements.4-6 4.4 Assessment Techni
38、ques and Acceptance Criteria .4-6 4.4.1 Overview 4-6 4.4.2 Level 1 Assessment.4-7 4.4.3 Level 2 Assessment.4-8 4.4.4 Level 3 Assessment.4-10 4.5 Remaining Life Assessment .4-10 4.5.1 Thickness Approach 4-10 4.5.2 MAWP Approach .4-10 4.6 Remediation4-11 4.7 InService Monitoring .4-13 4.8 Documentatio
39、n4-13 4.9 Nomenclature4-14 4.10 References4-15 4.11 Tables and Figures .4-16 PART 5 ASSESSMENT OF LOCAL METAL LOSS 5.1 General .5-1 5.2 Applicability and Limitations of the Procedure5-1 5.3 Data Requirements .5-3 5.3.1 Original Equipment Design Data .5-3 5.3.2 Maintenance and Operational History .5-
40、3 5.3.3 Required Data/Measurements for a FFS Assessment 5-4 5.3.4 Recommendations for Inspection Technique and Sizing Requirements.5-5 5.4 Assessment Techniques and Acceptance Criteria .5-5 5.4.1 Overview 5-5 5.4.2 Level 1 Assessment.5-5 5.4.3 Level 2 Assessment.5-8 5.4.4 Level 3 Assessment.5-13 5.5
41、 Remaining Life Assessment .5-14 5.5.1 Thickness Approach 5-14 5.5.2 MAWP Approach .5-14 5.6 Remediation5-14 5.7 In-Service monitoring 5-14 5.8 Documentation5-15 5.9 Nomenclature5-15 5.10 References5-18 5.11 Tables and Figures .5-20 PART 6 - ASSESSMENT OF PITTING CORROSION 6.1 General .6-2 6.2 Appli
42、cability and Limitations of the Procedure6-2 vii 6.3 Data Requirements .6-3 6.3.1 Original Equipment Design Data .6-3 6.3.2 Maintenance and Operational History .6-3 6.3.3 Required Data/Measurements for a FFS Assessment 6-4 6.3.4 Recommendation for Inspection Technique and Sizing Requirements.6-5 6.4
43、 Assessment Techniques and Acceptance Criteria .6-5 6.4.1 Overview 6-5 6.4.2 Level 1 Assessment.6-6 6.4.3 Level 2 Assessment.6-7 6.4.4 Level 3 Assessment.6-11 6.5 Remaining Life Assessment .6-12 6.6 Remediation6-13 6.7 In Service Monitoring 6-13 6.8 Documentation6-13 6.9 Nomenclature6-13 6.10 Refere
44、nces6-16 6.11 Tables and Figures .6-17 PART 7 - ASSESSMENT OF HYDROGEN BLISTERS AND HYDROGEN DAMAGE ASSOCIATED WITH HIC AND SOHIC 7.1 General .7-2 7.2 Applicability and Limitations of the Procedure7-2 7.3 Data Requirements .7-3 7.3.1 Original Equipment Design Data .7-3 7.3.2 Maintenance and Operatio
45、nal History .7-3 7.3.3 Required Data/Measurements for a FFS Assessment 7-4 7.3.4 Recommendations for Detection, Characterization, and Sizing 7-6 7.4 Assessment Techniques and Acceptance Criteria .7-6 7.4.1 Overview 7-6 7.4.2 Level 1 Assessment.7-7 7.4.3 Level 2 Assessment.7-9 7.4.4 Level 3 Assessmen
46、t.7-12 7.5 Remaining Life Assessment .7-13 7.6 Remediation7-14 7.7 In-Service Monitoring 7-15 7.8 Documentation7-15 7.9 Nomenclature7-15 7.10 References7-17 7.11 Tables and Figures .7-18 PART 8 - ASSESSMENT OF WELD MISALIGNMENT AND SHELL DISTORTIONS 8.1 General .8-2 8.2 Applicability and Limitations
47、 of the Procedure8-2 8.3 Data Requirements .8-4 8.3.1 Original Equipment Design Data .8-4 8.3.2 Maintenance and Operational History .8-4 8.3.3 Required Data/Measurements for a FFS Assessment 8-4 8.3.4 Recommendations for Inspection Technique and Sizing Requirements.8-4 8.4 Evaluation Techniques and
48、Acceptance Criteria8-6 8.4.1 Overview 8-6 8.4.2 Level 1 Assessment.8-6 8.4.3 Level 2 Assessment.8-6 8.4.4 Level 3 Assessment.8-12 8.5 Remaining Life Assessment .8-13 8.6 Remediation8-14 viii 8.7 In-Service Monitoring 8-14 8.8 Nomenclature8-14 8.9 Documentation8-17 8.10 References8-18 8.11 Tables and
49、 Figures .8-20 PART 9 - ASSESSMENT OF CRACK-LIKE FLAWS 9.1 General .9-1 9.2 Applicability and Limitations of the Procedure9-2 9.3 Data Requirements .9-3 9.3.1 General 9-3 9.3.2 Original Equipment Design Data .9-4 9.3.3 Maintenance and Operating History 9-4 9.3.4 Required Data/Measurements for a FFS Assessment Loads and Stresses 9-4 9.3.5 Required Data/Measurements for a FFS Assessment Material Properties9-5 9.3.6 Required Data/Measurements for a FFS Assessment Flaw Characterization.9-6 9.3.7 Recommendation for Inspection Technique and Sizing Requirements.9-10 9.4 Assessment T
