1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDManaging System Integrity of Gas PipelinesASME B31.8S-2004(Revision of ASME B31.8S-2001) ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31Supplement to ASME B31.8Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted wi
2、thout license from IHS-,-,-ASME B31.8S-2004(Revision of ASME B31.8S-2001)ManagingSystem Integrityof Gas PipelinesASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31Supplement to ASME B31.8AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with
3、ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: January 14, 2005The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2006. There will be no addendaissued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpre
4、tations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http:/www.asme.org/codes/ as they are issued.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under proced
5、ures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for
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9、ent of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an
10、electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2005 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME Interna
11、tional Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viSummary of Changes viii1 Introduction 12 Integrity Management Program Overview . 23 Consequences . 74 Gathering, Reviewing, and Inte
12、grating Data . 85 Risk Assessment 116 Integrity Assessment 167 Responses to Integrity Assessments and Mitigation (Repair and Prevention) 208 Integrity Management Plan 259 Performance Plan . 2610 Communications Plan 3011 Management of Change Plan . 3212 Quality Control Plan . 3313 Terms, Definitions,
13、 and Acronyms 3314 References and Standards . 36Figures1 Integrity Management Program Elements . 32 Integrity Management Plan Process Flow Diagram 43 Potential Impact Area . 84 Timing for Scheduled Responses: Time-Dependent Threats, PrescriptiveIntegrity Management Plan . 235 Hierarchy of Terminolog
14、y for Integrity Assessment 34Tables1 Data Elements for Prescriptive Pipeline Integrity Program . 92 Typical Data Sources for Pipeline Integrity Program . 103 Integrity Assessment Intervals: Time-Dependent Threats, Prescriptive IntegrityManagement Plan 134 Acceptable Threat Prevention and Repair Meth
15、ods 215 Example of Integrity Management Plan for Hypothetical Pipeline Segment(Segment Data: Line 1, Segment 3) 276 Example of Integrity Management Plan for Hypothetical Pipeline Segment(Integrity Assessment Plan: Line 1, Segment 3) 287 Example of Integrity Management Plan for Hypothetical Pipeline
16、Segment(Mitigation Plan: Line 1, Segment 3) 288 Performance Measures 299 Performance Metrics 3010 Overall Performance Measures 31iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Nonmandatory Appe
17、ndicesA Threat Process Charts and Prescriptive Integrity Management Plans 39B Direct Assessment Process 56C Preparation of Technical Inquiries . 60ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
18、FOREWORDPipeline system operators continuously work to improve the safety of their systems and opera-tions. In the United States, both liquid and gas pipeline operators have been working with theirregulators for several years to develop a more systematic approach to pipeline safety integritymanageme
19、nt.The gas pipeline industry needed to address many technical concerns before an integritymanagement standard could be written. A number of initiatives were undertaken by the industryto answer these questions; as a result of two years intensive work by a number of technicalexperts in their fields, 2
20、0 reports were issued that provided the responses required to completethe 2002 edition of this Standard. (The list of these reports is included in the reference sectionof this Standard.)This Standard is nonmandatory, and is designed to supplement B31.8, ASME Code for PressurePiping, Gas Transmission
21、 and Distribution Piping Systems. Not all operators or countries willdecide to implement this Standard. This Standard becomes mandatory if and when pipelineregulators include it as a requirement in their regulations.This Standard is a process standard, which describes the process an operator may use
22、 to developan integrity management program. It also provides two approaches for developing an integritymanagement program: a prescriptive approach and a performance or risk-based approach. Pipe-line operators in a number of countries are currently utilizing risk-based or risk-managementprinciples to
23、 improve the safety of their systems. Some of the international standards issued onthis subject were utilized as resources for writing this Standard. Particular recognition is givento API and their liquids integrity management standard, API 1160, which was used as a modelfor the format of this Stand
24、ard.The intent of this Standard is to provide a systematic, comprehensive, and integrated approachto managing the safety and integrity of pipeline systems. The task force that developed thisStandard hopes that it has achieved that intent.This Supplement was approved by the B31 Standards Committee an
25、d by the ASME Board onPressure Technology Codes and Standards. It was approved as an American National Standardon March 17, 2004.vCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME CODE FOR PRESS
26、URE PIPING, B31(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)OFFICERSA. D. Nance, ChairL. E. Hayden, Vice ChairP. D. Stumpf, SecretaryCOMMITTEE PERSONNELH. A. Ainsworth, ConsultantR. J. Appleby, ExxonMobil Development Co.A. E. Beyer, Fluor DanielK. C. Bodenh
27、amer, Enterprise Products Co.J. S. Chin, El Paso Corp.P. D. Flenner, Flenner Engineering ServicesD. M. Fox, OncorJ. W. Frey, Reliant EnergyD. R. Frikken, Becht Engineering Co.P. H. Gardner, ConsultantR. W. Haupt, Pressure Piping Engineering Associates, Inc.L. E. Hayden, ConsultantG. A. Jolly, Vogt V
28、alves/FlowserveJ. M. Kelly, ConsultantW. J. Koves, UOP LLCK. K. Kyser, York International FrickB31 ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEEA. D. Nance, Chair, A. D. Nance Associates, Inc.L. E. Hayden, Jr., Vice Chair, ConsultantP. D. Stumpf, Secretary, The American Society of MechanicalEngineersK. C. Bodenhamer, En
29、terprise Products Co.P. D. Flenner, Flenner Engineering ServicesD. M. Fox, OncorB31 CONFERENCE GROUPA. Bell, Bonneville Power AdministrationG. Bynog, Texas Department of Licensing and RegulationR. A. Coomes, Commonwealth of Kentucky, Department of HousingD. H. HanrathC. J. Harvey, Alabama Public Ser
30、vice CommissionD. T. Jagger, Ohio Department of CommerceM. Kotb, Regie du Batiment du QuebecK. T. Lau, Alberta Boilers Safety AssociationR. G. Marini, New Hampshire Public Utility CommissionI. W. Mault, Manitoba Department of LabourA. W. Meiring, Indiana Department of Fire and Building ServicesR. F.
31、 Mullaney, Boiler/Pressure Vessel Safety BureauviW. B. McGehee, Pipeline Engineering ConsultantJ. E. Meyer, Middough Consulting, Inc.E. Michalopoulos, ConsultantA. D. Nance, A. D. Nance Associates, Inc.T. J. OGrady, Veco AlaskaR. G. Payne, Alstom Power, Inc.J. T. Powers, Parsons Energy and Chemicals
32、W. V. Richards, ConsultantE. H. Rinaca, Dominion/Virginia PowerM. J. Rosenfeld, Kiefner and Associates, Inc.R. J. Silvia, Process Engineers and Constructors, Inc.W. J. Sperko, Sperko Engineering Service, Inc.G. W. Spohn III, Coleman Spohn Corp.P. D. Stumpf, The American Society of Mechanical Enginee
33、rsA. L. Watkins, First Energy Corp.R. B. West, State of Iowa, Division of Labor ServicesD. R. Frikken, Becht Engineering Co.R. W. Haupt, Pressure Piping Engineering Associates, Inc.R. R. Hoffmann, Federal Energy Regulatory CommissionB. P. Holbrook, Babcock Power Inc.W. B. McGehee, Pipeline Engineeri
34、ng ConsultantE. Michalopoulos, ConsultantR. B. West, State of Iowa, Division of Labor ServicesP. Sher, State of ConnecticutM. E. Skarda, Arkansas Department of LaborD. A. Starr, Nebraska Department of LaborD. J. Stursma, Iowa Utilities BoardR. P. Sullivan, National Board of Boiler that is, no root c
35、ause or causeswere identified. The remaining 21 threats have beengrouped into nine categories of related failure typesaccording to their nature and growth characteristics, andfurther delineated by three time-related defect types.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot
36、 for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B31.8S-2004 MANAGING SYSTEM INTEGRITY OF GAS PIPELINESIdentifying potentialpipeline impactby threat(para. 3)Gathering, reviewing,and integrating data(para. 4)Risk assessment(para. 5)All threatsevaluatedIntegrity ass
37、essment(para. 6)Responses to integrityassessments andmitigation(para. 7)YesNoFig. 2 Integrity Management Plan Process Flow DiagramThe nine categories are useful in identifying potentialthreats. Risk assessment, integrity assessment, and miti-gation activities shall be correctly addressed accordingto
38、 the time factors and failure mode grouping.(a) Time-Dependent(1) external corrosion(2) internal corrosion(3) stress corrosion cracking(b) Stable(1) manufacturing related defects(a) defective pipe seam(b) defective pipe(2) welding/fabrication related(a) defective pipe girth weld(b) defective fabrica
39、tion weld(c) wrinkle bend or buckle4(d) stripped threads/broken pipe/couplingfailure(3) equipment(a) gasket O-ring failure(b) control/relief equipment malfunction(c) seal/pump packing failure(d) miscellaneous(c) Time-Independent(1) third party/mechanical damage(a) damage inflicted by first, second,
40、or third par-ties (instantaneous/immediate failure)(b) previously damaged pipe (delayed failuremode)(c) vandalism(2) incorrect operational procedure(3) weather-related and outside forceCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking per
41、mitted without license from IHS-,-,-MANAGING SYSTEM INTEGRITY OF GAS PIPELINES ASME B31.8S-2004(a) cold weather(b) lightning(c) heavy rains or floods(d) earth movementsThe interactive nature of threats (i.e., more than onethreat occurring on a section of pipeline at the sametime) shall also be consi
42、dered. An example of such aninteraction is corrosion at a location that also has third-party damage.Historically, metallurgical fatigue has not been a sig-nificant issue for gas pipelines. However, if operationalmodes change and pipeline segments operate with sig-nificant pressure fluctuations, fati
43、gue shall be consid-ered by the operator as an additional factor.The operator shall consider each threat individuallyor in the nine categories when following the processselected for each pipeline system or segment. The pre-scriptive approach delineated in Nonmandatory Appen-dix A enables the operato
44、r to conduct the threat analysisin the context of the nine categories. All 21 threats shallbe considered when applying the performance-basedapproach.2.3 The Integrity Management ProcessThe integrity management process depicted in Fig. 2is described below.2.3.1 Identify Potential Pipeline Impact by T
45、hreat.This program element involves the identification ofpotential threats to the pipeline, especially in areas ofconcern. Each identified pipeline segment shall have thethreats considered individually or by the nine categories.See para. 2.2.2.3.2 Gathering, Reviewing, and Integrating Data. Thefirst
46、 step in evaluating the potential threats for a pipelinesystem or segment is to define and gather the necessarydata and information that characterize the segments andthe potential threats to that segment. In this step, theoperator performs the initial collection, review, and inte-gration of relevant
47、 data and information that is neededto understand the condition of the pipe, identify thelocation-specific threats to its integrity, and understandthe public, environmental, and operational conse-quences of an incident. The types of data to support arisk assessment will vary depending on the threat
48、beingassessed. Information on the operation, maintenance,patrolling, design, operating history, and specific fail-ures and concerns that are unique to each system andsegment will be needed. Relevant data and informationalso include those conditions or actions that affect defectgrowth (e.g., deficien
49、cies in cathodic protection), reducepipe properties (e.g., field welding), or relate to the intro-duction of new defects (e.g., excavation work near apipeline). Paragraph 3 provides information on conse-quences. Paragraph 4 provides details for data gather-ing, review, and integration of pipeline data.52.3.3 Risk Assessment. In this step, the data assem-bled
