1、Mobile and Locomotive Cranes AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B30.5-2018 (Revision of ASME B30.5-2014) Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.5-2018 (Revision of ASME B30.5-2014) Mobile and Locomotive Cranes Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,
2、Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Two Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USA xDate of Issuance: August 6, 2018 The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2023. This Standard will become effective 1 year aft er the Dat e of Issuance. ASME issu
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11、 int erpretations by individuals. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval sys t em or otherwise, without the prior writ ten permission of the publisher . The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright 2018 by
12、 THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi B30 Standard Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi Chapter 5-0 Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Section 5-0.1 Scope of B30.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Section 5-0.2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Section 5-0.3 Personnel Competence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Section 5-0.4 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Chapter 5-1 Construction and Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、 . . 8 Section 5-1.1 Load Ratings and Technical Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Section 5-1.2 Backward Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Section 5-1.3 Boom Hoi
18、st, Load Hoist, and Telescoping Boom Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Section 5-1.4 Swing Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Section 5-1.5 Crane Travel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Section 5-1.6 Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Section 5-1.7 Ropes and Reeving Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Section 5-1.8 Cabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Section 5-1.9 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Section 5-1.10 Structural Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Section 5-1.11 Cranes Used for Other Than Lifting Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、. . . . . 23 Section 5-1.12 Translations of Safety-Related Information and Control Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Chapter 5-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Section 5-2.1 Inspection General . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Section 5-2.2 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Section 5-2.3 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Section 5-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Chapter 5-3 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Section 5-3.1 Qualifications and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Section 5-3.2 Operating Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . . . . . . 34 Section 5-3.3 Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Section 5-3.4 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . 41 Nonmandatory Appendix A Critical Lifts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Figures 5-0.2.1-1 Commercial Truck-Mounted Crane Telescoping Boom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 iii5-0.2.1-
28、2 Commercial Truck-Mounted Crane Nontelescoping Boom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5-0.2.1-3 Crawler Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5-0.2.1-4 Crawler Crane Telescoping Boom . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5-0.2.1-5 Locomotive Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5-0.2.1-6 Wheel-Mounted Crane (Multiple Control Stations) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . 3 5-0.2.1-7 Wheel-Mounted Crane Telescoping Boom (Multiple Control Stations) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5-0.2.1-8 Wheel-Mounted Crane (Single Control Station) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5-0.2.1-9 Wheel-Mounted Crane Telescoping Boom (Single Co
31、ntrol Station, Rotating) . . . . . . . . . 5 5-0.2.1-10 Wheel-Mounted Crane Telescoping Boom (Single Control Station, Fixed) . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5-1.1.3-1 Work Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5-1.6.1-1
32、 Telescopic Boom Crane Control Diagram (Suggested Mobile Telescopic Boom Crane Basic Operating Control Arrangement for New Cranes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5-1.6.1-2 Nontelescopic Boom Crane Control Diagram (Suggested Mobile Nontelescopic Boom Crane Basic Operating
33、Control Arrangement for New Cranes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5-1.7.3-1 Dead Ending Rope in a Socket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 5-2.4.2-1 Core Failure in 19 7 Rotation-Resistant Rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5-3.2.1.5-1 Examples of Typical Unequal Outrigger Extension Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 5-3.3.4-1 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Crane Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 5-3.4.5.1-1 Flowchart to
35、 Assist in Determination of the Applicable Subsection for Crane Operation Near Electric Power Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 5-3.4.5.1-2 Specified Clearance Around an Energized Electric Power Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . 44 5-3.4.5.1-3 Specified Clearance Around an Energized Electric Power Line That Shall Be Maintained When the Crane Is in Travel or Transit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 5-3.4.5.1-4 Electric Power Line Support Structures . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Tables 5-1.1.1-1 Crane Load Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5-3.4.5.1-1 Specified Clearance in the Vicinity of Energized Electric Power Lines . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . 45 ivFOREWORD This American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its beginning in December
39、 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards for Cranes, prepared by the ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presented at the annual meeting of ASME. Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920 to 1925, involving the ASME
40、 Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron and Steel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering Standards Committee (AESC) later changed to the American Standards Association (ASA), then to the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI),
41、and finally to ANSI, Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor and Industry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. On June 11, 1925, AESC approved the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S
42、. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors. In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to a Sectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October 2, 1926, and the committee organized N
43、ovember 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 national organizations. Commencing June 1, 1927, and using the eight-page code published by ASME in 1916 as a basis, the Sectional Committee developed the “Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists. ” The early drafts of this safety code included r
44、equirements for jacks but, due to inputs and comments on those drafts, the Sectional Committee decided in 1938 to make the requirements for jacks a separate code. In January 1943, ASA B30.2-1943 was published addressing a multitude of equipment types and in August 1943, ASA B30.1-1943 was published
45、addressing just jacks. Both documents were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safety standards. Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industry in safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of Yards and D
46、ocks (now the Naval Facilities Engineering Command), was reorganized on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organizations. The new committee changed the format of ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equipment types it addressed could be published in separate volumes that c
47、ould completely cover the construction, installation, inspection, testing, mainte- nance, and operation of each type of equipment that was included in the scope of ASA B30.2. This format change resulted in the initial publication of B30.3, B30.5, B30.6, B30.11, and B30.16 being designated as “Revisi
48、ons” of B30.2 with the remainder of the B30 volumes being published as totally new volumes. ASA changed its name to USASI in 1966 and to ANSI in 1969, which resulted in B30 volumes from 1943 to 1968 being designated as “ ASA B30, ” “USAS B30” or “ ANSI B30” depending on their date of publication. In
49、 1982, the committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operating under procedures devel- oped by ASME and accredited by ANSI. This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to government and other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspection of the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention are given as both mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be required by employers of their employees. In case of pra
