1、Factory-Made, Wrought Steel, Buttwelding Induction Bends for Transportation and Distribution Systems AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B16.49-2007(Revision of ASME B16.49-2000)Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted w
2、ithout license from IHS-,-,-ASME B16.49-2007(Revision of ASME B16.49-2000)Factory-Made,Wrought Steel,Buttwelding InductionBends forTransportation andDistribution SystemsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with AS
3、ME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: April 14, 2008The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2012. There will be no addendaissued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretat
4、ions of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures ac
5、credited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public
6、 review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the
7、validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvi
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9、this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electro
10、nic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2008 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International
11、Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vCorrespondence With the B16 Committee vi1 Scope and Definitions . 12 Pressure Ratings 23 Size 24 Marking 25 Material 46 Material for Bends
12、 Containing Welds . 47 Chemical Composition . 58 Material Properties 59 Heat Treatment 810 Qualification Bend. 811 Test Requirements. 812 Dimensional Requirements . 913 Inspection of Production Bends 1014 Certification. 10SR15 Supplementary Requirements 10Figures1 Bend Dimensional Terms . 32 Test Sp
13、ecimen Locations and Orientations Longitudinal Seam 63 Test Specimen Locations and Orientations Helical Seam 74 Measurement of Bend Angle and Out-of-Squareness 11Tables1 Tensile Properties 42 Maximum Limits of Chemical Elements That May Be Used . 43 Limits on Essential Variables . 8Mandatory Appendi
14、xI References . 13Nonmandatory AppendicesA Quality System Program . 14B Induction Bend Data Sheet . 15iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORDIn 1993, members of the ASME B31.8
15、Code for Pressure Piping Gas Transmission andDistribution Systems committee approached the B16 committee to develop a standard that coverspipeline bends produced by the induction bending process.Subcommittee F reviewed the request and identified that no current specification covered thisproduct to t
16、he satisfaction of the users. It was also determined that this Standard would needto be more performance based than most other B16 standards, which are normally productstandards with set dimensional requirements.At the 1994 meeting of Subcommittee F, the project to develop a standard was accepted.Th
17、rough the cooperation of producers and users familiar with the process, and with approvalby the Standards Committee and ASME, ASME B16.49-2000 received approval as an AmericanNational Standard on April 25, 2000.In 2005, the committee undertook a general review of this document. Based on the usage of
18、this Standard over the last 5 years, a number of revisions, clarifications, and additions weredetermined to be needed to make the document more user friendly. Some requirements havebeen dropped, revised, and clarified to reflect the desires of the users and manufacturers. Thereference data has been
19、updated and the interpretation section has been removed from theStandard. These revisions were incorporated into this B16.49-2007 edition.This revision was approved by the American National Standards Institute on October 12, 2007.ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME
20、 Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B16 COMMITTEEStandardization of Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and Gaskets(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSW. B. Bedesem, ChairM. L.
21、 Nayyar, Vice ChairU. DUrso, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELR. W. Barnes, ANRIC Enterprises, Inc.W. B. Bedesem, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co.D. F. Buccicone, Elkhart Products Corp.M. A. Clark, NIBCO, Inc.U. DUrso, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersC. E. Floren, Mueller Co.
22、D. R. Frikken, Becht Engineering Co.M. L. Henderson, ConsultantG. A. Jolly, Vogt Valves/Flowserve Corp.SUBCOMMITTEEFSTEEL THREADED AND WELDING FITTINGSG. A. Jolly, Chair, Vogt Valves/Flowserve Corp.G. A. Cuccio, Vice Chair, Capitol Manufacturing Co.T. Lazar, Secretary, The American Society of Mechan
23、ical EngineersA. Appleton, Alloy Stainless Products Co., Inc.W. J. Birkholz, Markovitz Enterprises, Inc.K. W. Doughty, Shaw Alloy Piping Products, Inc.J. P. Ellenberger, ConsultantD. R. Frikken, Becht Engineering Co.vM. Katcher, Haynes InternationalW. N. McLean, Newco ValvesT. A. McMahon, Fisher Con
24、trols International, Inc.M. L. Nayyar, Bechtel Corp.J. D. Page, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory CommissionW. H. Patrick, The Dow Chemical Co.R. A. Schmidt, Hackney Ladish, Inc.H. R. Sonderegger, Anvil International, Inc.W. M. Stephan, Flexitallic, L.P.D. A. Williams, Southern Company GenerationR. E. Johnson
25、, ConsultantC. J. Lafferty, Pennsylvania Machine Works, Inc.D. H. Monroe, ConsultantR. A. Schmidt, Hackney Ladish, Inc.H. R. Sonderegger, Anvil International, Inc.J. P. Tucker, Flowserve Corp.M. M. Zaidi, Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with A
26、SME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE B16 COMMITTEEGeneral. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent theconsensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Com
27、mitteeby requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending Committee meetings. Corre-spondence should be addressed to:Secretary, B16 Standards CommitteeThe American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5990As an alternative, inquiries may be submitted via e
28、-mail to: SecretaryB16asme.org.Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changesthat appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the applicationof the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically.The Committee
29、welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should beas specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detaileddescription of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation.Interpretations. Upon request, the B16 Committee
30、will render an interpretation of any require-ment of the Standard. Interpretations can only be rendered in response to a written request sentto the Secretary of the B16 Standards Committee.The request for interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. It is further recommendedthat the inquirer subm
31、it his/her request in the following format:Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the topic of the inquiry.Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the Standard for which the interpretation isbeing requested.Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific
32、requirementsuitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for an approvalof a proprietary design or situation. The inquirer may also include any plansor drawings, which are necessary to explain the question; however, theyshould not contain proprietary names or information.Requests that
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34、s available. Further, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The B16 Standards Committee regularly
35、holds meetings, whichare open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary ofthe B16 Standards Committee.viCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME
36、 B16.49-2007FACTORY-MADE, WROUGHT STEEL, BUTTWELDINGINDUCTION BENDS FOR TRANSPORTATION ANDDISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS1 SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS1.1 GeneralThis Standard covers design, material, manufacturing,testing, marking, and inspection requirements forfactory-made pipeline bends of carbon steel materialsh
37、aving controlled chemistry and mechanical properties,produced by the induction bending process, with orwithout tangents. This Standard covers induction bendsfor transportation and distribution piping applications(e.g., ASME B31.4, B31.8, and B31.11). Process and powerpiping have differing requiremen
38、ts and materials thatmay not be appropriate for the restrictions and examina-tions described herein and, therefore, are not includedin this Standard.1.2 Manufacturing ProcessThis process utilizes induction heating to heat a nar-row band 360 deg around a pipe or cylinder at thepoint of bending as the
39、 pipe or cylinder is being pushedthrough the inductor coil at a constant velocity. Afterthe material passes through the coil, it may be cooledby forced air or water spray, or it may be allowed tocool in still air. Bends in any producible wall thicknessand diameter are covered. Induction bends covere
40、d bythis Standard may be produced from seamless pipe,welded pipe, or cylinders.1.3 Fabricated BendsLarger angle bends obtained by girth welding two ormore smaller angle bends together are considered pipefabrications and as such are not within the scope of thisStandard.1.4 Standard UnitsThe values st
41、ated in either metric units or U.S. Cus-tomary units are to be regarded separately as standard.Within the text, Customary values are shown in paren-theses. The values stated in each system are not exactequivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde-pendently of the other. Combining values fro
42、m two sys-tems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.5 ReferencesStandards and specifications adopted by reference inthis Standard are shown in Mandatory Appendix I. It1is not practical to identify the specific edition of eachstandard and specification in the individual references.Instead
43、, the specific edition reference is identified inMandatory Appendix I. A product made in conformancewith a prior edition of reference standards and in allother respects conforming to this Standard will be con-sidered to be in compliance.1.6 Codes and RegulationsA bend used under the jurisdiction of
44、a referencingcode or governmental regulation is subject to any limita-tion of that code or regulation. This includes any maxi-mum temperature limitation or rule governing the useof a material at low temperature.1.7 Service ConditionsCriteria for selection of bend material for a particularfluid servi
45、ce are not within the scope of this Standard.1.8 ConventionIn conformance with this Standard, the conventionfor fixing significant digits where limits, maximum andminimum values, are specified shall be “rounded off”as defined in ASTM Practice E 29. This requires that anobserved or calculated value s
46、hall be rounded off tothe nearest unit in the last right-hand digit used forexpressing the limit. Decimal values and tolerance donot imply a particular method of measurement.1.9 Quality SystemsRequirements relating to the manufacturers qualitysystem programs are described in NonmandatoryAppendix A.1
47、.10 Glossarybend qualification procedure: a document that specifies theproperties of the starting pipe; the equipment to be used;the bending parameters; the qualification bend testresults; and the postbend, heat-treat equipment andcycle used for the manufacture of the bends. If nonde-structive testi
48、ng of the bend is required, procedures thathave not been approved previously shall be submitted.cylinder: a joint of pipe produced by a rolling and weldingplate, as opposed to a joint of pipe produced in accor-dance with a recognized specification.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under l
49、icense with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B16.49-2007extrados: the outside arc of the bend.intrados: the inside arc of the bend.minimum (design) wall thickness: the wall thickness speci-fied or computed in accordance with the piping codeas the minimum acceptable for the temperature andpre
