1、 - ASHRAE TITLEUJOURN 37-bUCPE 95 m 0759b50 0515910 ZTO m Five days r less, d D- 1300 Nobody delivers dampers like we do. single-ply blades are 16-gauge steel; dual-ply are 22-gauge steel. Our end-channel linkage doesnt interrupt air flow, so its more reliable and less noisy than center linkage. And
2、 our top-quality seals are designed to reduce leakage. For quality, affordable dampers, backed by more than 20 years of experience, contact your local Johnson Controls representative today. Or call 1-800-972-8040. J “SON CONTR 8 LS Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0423 Markham, Ontario L3R 5V4 O1994 Johns
3、on Controls, Inc. 9446 (Circle No. 1 on Reader Service Card) ASHRAE TITLEXcJOURN 37-b*CPE 95 E3 0759650 0515711 137 Our industry exclusive grilles and diffusers-injection molded of high strength engineered polymer-are unlike anything ever offered. The perfect choice for corrosive environments (doesn
4、t corrode), hospitals (easily cleaned), MRI facilities (non-magnetic), low temperature supplies (resists the forming of condensate), or in applications requiring durable, seamless, aesthetically appealing products. Series EPs are easy to install and conform to the strictest industry safety standards
5、. Available in a _ variety of types and sizes. Its time to discover the future of air distribution. qJ irumuE 2 ci a h a o 3 4 U ASHRAE TITLE*JOURN 37-brCPE 95 II 0759650 0535933 TOT The Trane Earth-Wise CenTraVac, the worlds most efficient, lowest reiigerant emissions chiller, just got better. Toda
6、y at standard ARI rating conditions, a number of selections are avail- able below -50 kw/ton. Thats seven to 15 percent better than com- petitive chillers which are typidy in the .56 to .60 kw/ton range or higher. And by the end of 1995, this unparalleled level of efficiency will be selectable in ne
7、arly haif the line; and selectable over the entire CenTraVac product line by the end of 1996. At part-load conditions, the kw/ton ratings are even better, thanks to effective use of either Tranes inlet guide vanes or the Adaptive Frequency“ drive option. ings of over $lO,oOO per year or over $300,00
8、0 over the life of the machine . typically more than twice the cost of the machine. The development of a .50 kw/ton chilier has positive environ- mental impacts. It aids the Clinton Climate Change Action Plans efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000 and the Energy
9、Policy Act/Executive Order 12902s goal of reducing federal buildings 1985 energy consumption by 30 percent by the year 2005. For a 50Won chiller, this efficiency difference can provide sav- Earthewise and Business Wise. Consider this: if every centrifugal chiller in the world were able to operate at
10、 .50 vs. .60 kw/ton, annual utility emissions of COZ could be reduced by 21 billion pounds and SO, as well as NO, could be reduced by 138 and 77 million pounds respectively. These major greenhouse gases and pollutants are major contributors to one or all of the following: global warming, acid rain a
11、nd smog. Furthermore, Trane “near zero” emissions Earii*Wise chillers also have the lowest total refrigerant emissions rate in the industry. So low its essentially a closed system. And if the refrigerant doesnt escape from the machine, it cant harm he environment. The key to the industrys highest en
12、ergy efficiency and lowest leak rate is the use of HCFC-123, a low pressure refrigerant that has the lowest directeffect global warming potential and the high- est thermodynamic efficiency of all the alternative refrigerants. The future is in the balance. Reduced power plant emissions and the indust
13、rys lowest refrigerant emission rate put the Trane .50 kw/ton Earth*Vise centrifugal chiller in a class by itself. From both a business and an environmental standpoint. The future lies in a prudent balance that takes into account the importance of ozone depletion, global warming and energy efficienc
14、y. A balance that allows us to use the Earths natural resources wisely. office or circle the reader service number shown below. For more information, call your local Trane commercial sales Creating The Right Atmosphere A. Zaltash, Ph.D.; P.W. Adcock; and R.C. DeVault 54 Outdoor Air: Calculation and
15、Delivery By David Warden, P.Eng. Special Section The History and Promise of Environmental Control 65 69 72 79 82 86 68 91 Environmental Control Taken for Granted: Past, Present and Future By Bernard Nagengast The Development of Frozen Foods By Rudi Volti The Influence of Environmental Control System
16、s on Interior Architecture 1900-1994 By Matthew Ziff The Super-Efficient Passive Building Frontier By Amory Lovins The Human Habitat By William L. McGrath 2020 By Richard A. Charles, P.E. Predictions for the Future By Gideon Shavit; John A. Clark and James S. Buckley; Alfred Greenberg; Rodney H. Lew
17、is Fans A roundup of available products. PUBLICATION DISCLAIMER-ASHRAE has compiled this publication with care, but ASHRAE has not investigated, and ASHRAE expressly disclaims any duty to investigate. any prod- uct, service. process procedure, design. or the like which may be described herein The ap
18、pearance of any technical data, editorial material or advertisement in this publication does not constitute endorsement warranty, or guaranty by ASHRAE o1 any product, service process, procedure. design, or the like ASHRAE doesnotwarrant thattheinformationin this publication isfreeoferrors, and ASHR
19、AE doesnot necessarilyagreewithany statement or opinion in ihispublication Theentire risk oftheuse of any infarmation in this publicalion is assumed by the user SUBSCRIPTIONS-$6 per single copy (includes postage and handling on mail orders) Subscriptionsfor members% per year, included with annual du
20、es, not deductible Nonmember $49 (includes postage) in USA $69 (includes postage for Canadian and overseas orders) For subscriptton with air mail delivery outside USA, $119. Membershipsubscriptions haveacommon June expiration Nonmember subscriptions may vary Payment (US funds) required with all orde
21、rs POSTMASTER: Send form 3579 to ASHRAE Journal 1791 Tullie Circle N E , Atlanta, GA 30329 LETTERSIMANUSCRIPTS-Letters to the editor and man. uscripis lor publication should be sent io William R Coker, Editor, ASHRAE Journai. 1791 Tullie Circle N E , Atlanta. GA 30329 MICROFILM-This publication is m
22、icrofilmed by University Microfilms, Inc (UMI), 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106. For information on COSI and issues available you may contact UM1 at 313-761-4700 ASHRAE Journal June 1995 5 500,000 wrong. (Neither can their manufacturers.) DuPont SUVA“- proven in more than 500,000 commercial
23、 refrigeration conversions worldwide in the last 5 years. (IgmiJD DuPont SUVA refrigerants were the first alternatives to be endorsed by equipment manufacturers five years ago. And today, more manufacturers and equipment owners endorse SUVA than any other refrigerant. Thats because SWA has more prov
24、en experience in more equipment than any other. Which means, when you choose SUVA you get more than great performance and environmental acceptability. You get confidence. For more information, call 1 -800-235-SUVA. Suva DuPont SUVA-the new standard in refrigerants. refrigerants (Cide NO. 5 on Reader
25、 Service Card) ASHRAE Journal June 1995 6 ASHRAE TITLE*JOURN 37-bxCPE 95 m 0759b50 0515917 655 ASH RAE JO U RN AC 1791 Tullie Circle N.E. Atlanta, Georgia 30329-2305 Electronic Bulletin Board 1-404-636-8400 FAX 404-321-5478 404-235-0228 E Controlling the Environment Through Knowledge EXECUTIVE DIREC
26、TOR/PUBLISHER Frank M. Coda PUBLISHING DIRECTOR W. Stephen Comstock EDITORIAL EDITOR William R. Coker e-mail TECHNICAL EDITOR Martin A. Kraft e-mail ASS I STA NT ED IT0 R Shannon E. PowenJones e-mail WASHINGTON BUREAU J.E.Cox,P.E., Ph.D. Charles R. Miro PUBLISHING SERVICES PUBLISHING SERVICES MAN
27、AGER Scott A. Zeh GRAPHICS Susan Boughadou TYPOGRAPHY Kellie M. Frady Stefan R. Moore Nancy F. Thyseil CIRCULATION CIRCULATION MANAGER Phyllis Maurer ADVEFITISING ASSOC IATE PUBLISH ER Edwin F. Farley ADVERTISING PRODUCTION MANAGER Irene F. Eggellng ASHRAE OFFICERS PRESIDENT Billy R. Manning, P.E. P
28、RESIDENT-ELECT Richard 8. Hayter, P.E., Ph.D. TREASURER James E. Hill, Ph.D. VICE PRESIDENTS John C. Blossom, P.E. Donald E. Holte, P.Eng. George A. Jackins, P.E. Ronald J. Kessner, P.E. SECRETARY Frank M. Coda POLICY GROUP 1994-95 Chairman Journalllnsighis Committee Eugene Stamper, P.E. Member of t
29、he Audit Bureau of Circulation Commentary Technology 101 So, ASHRAEs year-long birthday party recognizing 100 years of achievement ends with this issue and the Annual Meeting which takes place in San Diego, June 25 to 28. What has it all meant? We learned that in 1894 heating engineers met in New Yo
30、rk City to form an organiza- tion to deal with one of the most troubling issues of the day: The establishment of uniform standards for ventilation. Our March issue described how the refrigeration engineers dream of the perfect refrigerant was realized in the 1920s with the introduction of chlorofluo
31、rocarbon refrigerants. We read in our August issue how in 1914 conservation of energy wasthe number one obligation of the heating engineer. Does it all sound familiar? Our study of ASHRAE history and the roots of HVAC a program ana/yst for the Stratospheric Ozone Protection Dinsion of the PA, encour
32、ages building owners to replace CFC equipment at ARlis Spring Product Section Meeting 10 (Circle No. 8 on Reader Service Card) ASHRAE Journal June 1995 ASHRAE TITLE*JOURN 37-h*CPE 95 0757b50 0515921 086 M reclaimed to meet AR/ Sfaandard 700 for purity, can be purchased from reclaiming companies list
33、ed in ARls Directory of Cer- tified Reclaimed Refrigerant. Finally, given the large number of CFC chillers that will be in use in 1996, AR1 recommends that equipment owners con- serve refrigerant by eliminating CFC leaks, and complying with EPA regulations on the repair of substantial leaks that may
34、 require replacement or retrofit within 12 months. However, AR1 noted that the EPA has cautioned that the demand for CFCs from stockpiles and reclaimed sources is likely to increase substantially. Although most refrigeration equipment production lines have been converted to non-CFC equipment, it is
35、still expected to take many years to complete the task of phasing out all types of existing CFC equip- ment, AR1 officials said. For chiller owners with questions, or to obtain case studies on successful replace- ment and conversion of CFC equipment, call the EPAs CFC hotline, 1-800-296-1996. U DuPo
36、nt Announces Project Head for R-l52a Wilmington, Delaware-DuPont an- nounced the appointment of Robert L. Srubar to lead their projectteam for R-152a (an HFC) expansion. Srubar and his team will develop plans to increase DuPonts capacity to manufacture R-l52a using a new, proprietary technology now
37、being demonstrated in pilot plant facilities. “We have demonstrated the viability of thistechnology during extended pilot runs and are now working on scale up,“ said Srubar. “Successful demonstration of this route means we can move now to add a new facility to make R-152a if the market demand materi
38、alizes as expected. This would more than double our existing 35 million pound capacity as early as 1996.“ Regulations to lower volatile organic compound (VOC) content in antiper- spirants, deodorants and hair spray, could substantially increase demand for R-l52a. Sold by DuPont as Dymel 152a, the pr
39、oduct is exempt from VOC regulations, has zero ozone-depleting potential and a very low global warming potential. This makes it environmentally attractive as a replacement for hydrocarbon propellants in aerosol for- mulations and reducing VOC content. O I N DUSTRY FACTO1 D ASHRAEJournal June 1995 (C
40、ircle No. 9 on Reader Service Card) II ASHRAE TITLExJOURN 37-b*CPE 75 0759650 0515922 DOE Holds Workshop at ASHRAE Headquarters On Existing Buildings Efficiency Program Atlanta, Georgia-The first of three pro posed roundtableiworkshops on the Department of Energys Existing Buildings Efficiency Resea
41、rch (EBER) program was held recently at ASHRAEs headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. HVAC ACTUAL SIZE 7 # ven more simple means thereh buttons The IR simply records i no frustrating switches or LI thousands of temperature readings, continuously Using JR Graph software supplied with every unit (that ope
42、rates on uny IBM or 100% compatible ninning MS Window$ you can easily display a detailed, time-based graph of temperatures (Celsius or Fahrenheit) on a scrolling calendar simply by plugging your JR unit into your comnuter The IR temmrature info Logger LO uw the typewrite; In its time it was a marvel
43、 Today, theres something many time3 more efficient, more reliable and even more astounding - the JR Info rUCger; the industrysfastest and easiest way to retord temperatures lon price It also has something else you want -a ACR Systems Inc. - Because Knowledge Is Power. Unit 210,12960 84th Avenue ACR
44、Surrey, British Columbia, Canada V3W 1K7 SRIx6: 12 (circle No. 10 on Reader CeNiCe Card) ASHRAEJournal June 1995 ASHRAE TITLE*JOURN 37-bxCPE 75 0757650 0535923 757 improving the energy efficiency of existing buildings and to provide the most current technology available. A wide spectrum of professio
45、nals attended including consulting engineers, architects, utility officials, private industry representatives and federal government officials. DOE official Mike Myers, with the office of Building Technologies, noted that the workshop covered both commercial and residential buildings. The group work
46、ing on proposed commercial building programs recommended that DOEs EBER program emphasize the following: develop datathat would enable building owners and engi- neers to determine if they are actually per- forming to the designed standards; develop a realtime processing program for building performa
47、nce to allow better and faster analysis and monitoring; to provide energy efficiency information on the World Wide Web for broader and faster dissemination of information; to provide performance metrics for buildings and HVAC systems to make energy performance visible; and to develop simple modeling
48、 tools for small buildings to reduce the cost of making these buildings more efficient. The group working on proposed pro- gramsfor the residential areaexamined the following areas for further review and devel- opment by DOE: to develop a partnership with the Air Conditioning Contractors of America
49、(ACCA) to produce energy effi- ciency training manuals, certification pro- grams and training for duct sealing and analysis; to develop a partnership with HUD to build efficiency into new building and building rehabilitation programs financed by the government; to make the current National Energy Audit (NEAT) software and future versions available to a wide range of users; to develop research programs cover- ing moisture a
