1、ASHRAE Guideline 23-2016Guideline for the Designand Application ofHeating, Ventilation, andAir-Conditioning Equipmentfor Rail Passenger VehiclesApproved by ASHRAE on March 31, 2016.ASHRAE Guidelines are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the Guideline number is the year
2、of ASHRAE approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Guideline may be purchased on the ASHRAE website(www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527
3、-4723 (for orders inUS and Canada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2016 ASHRAE ISSN 1049-894XASHRAE Guideline Project Committee 23Cognizant TC: 9.3, Transportation Air ConditioningSPLS Liaison: David RobinKenneth R. Hesser, Chair* Anthony Di lorio Spencer LinEdward J. Widd
4、owson, Vice-Chair* Terry Dillon Jenny MarsalaRene Beaulieu* Pavel Doubek Robert L. MayCraig M. Berger* Douglas M. Eaton Richard P. MossRichard F. Bruss* Houshang Ferdows* Thaddeus M. RogowskiJames J. Bushnell* Norman J. Gillespie Leonid SanevichKevin C. Carmody* Donald J.B. LeBlanc * Ramesh D. Shial
5、*Terry L. Crawford* Michael Levin* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20152016Douglass T. Reindl, Chair Keith I. Emerson Heather L. PlattRita M. Harrold, Vice-Chair Steven J. Emmerich David RobinJoseph R. Anderson Julie M. Fergus
6、on Peter SimmondsJames D. Aswegan Roger L. Hedrick Dennis A. StankeNiels Bidstrup Srinivas Katipamula Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Donald M. Brundage Rick A. Larson Jack H. ZarourJohn A. Clark Lawrence C. Markel Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Arsen K. Melikov James K. Vallort, COJohn F. Dunlap
7、 Mark P. ModeraJames W. Earley, Jr. Cyrus H. NasseriStephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of StandardsSPECIAL NOTEThis Guideline was developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. ASHRAE Guidelines are developed under a review process, identifying a Guidelinefor the design, testing, application, or evaluat
8、ion of a specific product, concept, or practice. As a Guideline it is not definitive but encompassesareas where there may be a variety of approaches, none of which must be precisely correct. ASHRAE Guidelines are written to assist professionalsin the area of concern and expertise of ASHRAEs Technica
9、l Committees and Task Groups.ASHRAE Guidelines are prepared by Project Committees appointed specifically for the purpose of writing Guidelines. The Project CommitteeChair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, all must be technically
10、qualified in the subject area of the Guideline.Development of ASHRAE Guidelines follows procedures similar to those for ASHRAE Standards except that (a) committee balance is desiredbut not required, (b) an effort is made to achieve consensus but consensus is not required, (c) Guidelines are not appe
11、alable, and (d) Guidelinesare not submitted to ANSI for approval.The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the contents of this Guideline,b. participation in the next review of the Guideline,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Guideline, o
12、rd. permission to reprint portions of the Guideline.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or perfo
13、rmance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Gu
14、idelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the
15、industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product ha
16、s been approved by ASHRAE. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSASHRAE Guideline 23-2016,Guideline for the Design and Application ofHeat
17、ing, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning Equipment for Rail Passenger VehiclesSECTION PAGEForeword .21 Purpose.22 Scope23 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms.24 Comfort Criteria.45 Ventilation .76 Capacity Calculations87 Equipment Design.188 Vehicle HVAC Design .269 Equipment Level Testing.3110 R
18、ail Vehicle Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning Climate Room Test Procedure .3911 References57Informative Annex A: Passenger Railcar HVAC Unit Cooling Load Airflow Analysis Sample Calculations59Informative Annex B: Psychrometric Calculations for Example Calculation61Informative Annex C: Infor
19、mative References and Bibliography.63NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this guideline can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology. 2016 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered
20、 trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ASHRAE
21、Guideline 23-2016(This foreword is not part of this guideline. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the guideline.)FOREWORDThis guideline was developed in response to a need expressedwithin the rail passenger vehicle industry to adopt a moreconsistent
22、 approach to the design and application of heating,ventilating, and air-conditioning systems in rail passengervehicles that can be used as a basis for future designs. Thisneed evolved from informal discussions among the rail vehi-cle industrys operating, supply, and technical support mem-bers and se
23、veral different professional committees that workto address rail passenger vehicle issues, including the Ameri-can Public Transit Association (APTA), the American Societyof Mechanical Engineers (ASME), and the Rail Transit Stan-dards Committee (RTSC), a Division of the Institute of Elec-trical and E
24、lectronics Engineers (IEEE). Current inconsistent design approaches and sometimeswidely varying requirements for similar applications haveresulted in minimal standardization, excessive developmentefforts for similar equipment, and the resulting inefficiency anddisproportionately high cost of equipme
25、nt. In an attempt to findan approach that would address the concerns of all interestedparties, participation was solicited from different areas of theindustry, including operating authorities, supply industry,labor, government regulatory authorities, and the industry con-sulting community. Based on
26、the interest of persons and entitiesin participating in this effort it was further agreed to form anASHRAE Guideline Project Committee (GPC) under the super-vision of ASHRAE Technical Committee (TC) 9.3, Transporta-tion Air Conditioning to perform this task.This document conveys what GPC 23 has join
27、tly deter-mined through experience and successful practice to be tech-nically appropriate and reasonable design, application, andtesting guidelines for this equipment. 1. PURPOSETo establish recommended design and application guidelinesnecessary to achieve an acceptable level of performance andsafet
28、y for heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning equip-ment used on rail passenger vehicles operating in the environ-ment of rail transportation systems.2. SCOPEThis guideline addresses rail passenger vehicles used in regu-larly scheduled public transportation service. 2.1 The guideline addresses en
29、vironmental conditions, equip-ment configurations, air filtration, temperature and humiditycontrols, determination and test verification of heating andcooling capacity, ventilation standards, passenger comfort cri-teria, materials, packaging, noise, vibration and shock, refrig-erant selection, energ
30、y efficiency, corrosion protection, voltageand electrical requirements, power supply, and electromag-netic interference.3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, ANDACRONYMS3.1 Definitionsactual cubic feet per minute: the volume of gas flowing any-where in a system, independent of its density.articulation bell
31、ows: a flexible enclosed passageway betweentwo semipermanently joined vehicles or vehicle segments in atrain.bump start: a refrigerant compressor-starting control methodconsisting of short-duration, timed power application pulsesemployed to minimize potential flooded start damage prior tosustained p
32、ower application.catenary: the system of wires suspended above the track, alsoreferred to as the overhead contact system (OCS), that sup-plies power to electrically powered trains equipped with roof-mounted sliding power pickups (pantographs).consist: a coupled group of rail vehicles that operates a
33、s a sin-gle unit. cubic feet per minute: a unit of measurement for the flow of agas or fluid over time. duct limit thermostat: a thermostatic control, located with theHVAC systems conditioned supply air, used to prevent exces-sively high air temperature from ceiling distributors from cre-ating therm
34、al discomfort due to temperature stratification.head-end power (HEP): electric power for train auxiliarysystems provided from a power supply system (alternator,generator, inverter, etc.) and usually located in the lead loco-motives of a passenger train.hermetically sealed unit: refrigeration system
35、having no or aminimum number of mechanical refrigerant system connec-tions.kazoo: a term used in railcar HVAC applications for a resil-ient elastomeric device installed on the end of an evaporatorcoil condensate drain pipe and designed to hold a small col-umn of water to mitigate the undesirable int
36、ake of untreatedair and other contamination.microclimate: localized climatic conditions (temperature,humidity, motion of air, etc.) within a relatively small areathat may not represent the prevailing climatic conditions. modulation (capacity): reduction of HVAC system coolingcapacity, normally affec
37、ted by a reduction of the refrigerantcompressor net pumping capacity.multiple unit: self-propelled electric- or diesel-powered(EMU or DMU) rail vehicles designed to operate inde-pendently (without locomotives) and equipped with auto-matic coupler equipment to facilitate efficient additions orseparat
38、ions of vehicles from the train consist with minimalmanual intervention.pull-down/pull-up: HVAC system operation mode/periodwhere the system is activated in a space to be conditioned fol-lowing a period where the space has been allowed to stabilizeat the prevailing external ambient conditions.rail t
39、ransit vehicle:rail transit vehicle (commuter): rail passenger vehiclestypically used in medium- to high-density public transit ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prio
40、r written permission.ASHRAE Guideline 23-2016 3service between suburban areas and metropolitan areas(sometimes referred to as suburban or regional rail ser-vice). Typical train configurations include locomotive-hauled, push-pull (locomotive either “pushes” unpow-ered coaches from behind with control
41、ling cab car in thelead position or “pulls” and controls from a lead position)consist or self-propelled electric or diesel multiple-unit(MU) train consists. Passenger coach interiors normallyare equipped with high-density upholstered seating withproportionately limited space for standing passengers.
42、Service is characterized by multiple but less frequentstops and door openings (typically 5 to 10 minutesbetween stops) as compared to urban vehicle service.rail transit vehicle (intercity or long distance): rail pas-senger vehicles typically used in long-distance transitservice on main line railways
43、 between metropolitanareas. Train configuration is typically electric or diesel-electric locomotive hauled. Passenger vehicles used inthis service may be equipped with toilet rooms, food ser-vice facilities and dining areas, sleeping compartments,and related amenities and typically draw electricalpo
44、wer from an auxiliary power supply unit on the loco-motive. Passenger coach interiors are typically fittedwith comfortably spaced and configured seating andvestibule-isolated exit and entry doors. Service is char-acterized by infrequent stops (typically 15 to 30 minutesor more) at large metropolitan
45、 area stations.rail transit vehicles (urban): rail passenger vehicles usedin high-density urban passenger public transportation ser-vice. This category of vehicles most commonly encom-passes two major subcategories of vehicles that are electricpowered from a third rail or overhead-wire high-voltageD
46、C power source: light rail vehicles and subway and sub-way/elevated cars (sometimes referred to as rapid transitvehicles). Typical vehicle configuration consists are multi-ple-unit with limited austere seating and proportionatelylarge standing areas. Urban rail transit vehicle operatingconditions no
47、rmally include short-duration rides; rapidlychanging high-occupancy passenger loads (mostly stand-ing) during peak commute travel times; and frequent (typi-cally 1 to 5 minutes), short-duration station stop intervalsand corresponding door openings. a. light rail vehicle (LRV): an urban rail transit
48、vehiclethat is typically a bidirectional unit with an operatingcab on each end and made up of two or more articulatedsections. LRVs are normally powered by an overheadelectric contact wire and are designed to operate eitheras a single vehicle or in multiple vehicle consists. LRVsare designed to oper
49、ate and load/unload passengers atstreet level, adjacent to normal street traffic, as well ason fixed exclusive at-grade, subway, or elevated rights-of-way. Street cars and trams are similar to LRVs inconfiguration and service but typically operate at lowerspeeds in inner urban applications. They are included inthis category with regard to HVAC design.b. rapid transit vehicle: an urban rail transit vehicle thatis typically used in large-city subway or subway/surface/elevated service. Individual rapid transit vehi-cles are normally shorter in length than intercity rai
