1、ASHRAE STANDARDANSI/ASHRAE Standard 160-2009Criteria forMoisture-Control Design Analysis inBuildings Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on January 24, 2009; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors onJanuary 28, 2009; and by the American National Standards Institute on January 29, 2009. This standar
2、d is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for whichthe Standards Committee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revi-sions, including procedures for timely, documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part o
3、fthe standard. The change submittal form, instructions, and deadlines may be obtained in electronic form fromthe ASHRAE Web site, http:/www.ashrae.org, or in paper form from the Manager of Standards. The latest edi-tion of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie
4、 Circle, NE,Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (world-wide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). Copyright 2009 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ISSN 1041-2336American Socie
5、ty of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.org 2009, American Society of Heating, refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission
6、 in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20082009Hugh F. Crowther, ChairSteven T. Bushby, Vice-ChairRobert G. BakerMichael F. BedaDonald L. BrandtPaul W. CabotKenneth W. CooperSamuel D. Cummings, Jr.K. William DeanMartin Di
7、erycxkRobert G. DoerrAllan B. FraserNadar R. JayaramanByron W. JonesJay A. KohlerCarol E. MarriottMerle F. McBrideFrank MyersH. Michael NewmanJanice C. PetersonDouglas T. ReindlLawrence J. SchoenBoggarm S. SettyBodh R. SubherwalWilliam F. WalterMichael W. WoodfordDavid E. Knebel, BOD ExOAndrew K. Pe
8、rsily, COStephanie Reiniche, Manager of StandardsSPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American Na
9、tional StandardsInstitute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached bydirectly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity.Consens
10、us requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with thisstandard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national
11、and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be
12、 ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees. The Assistant Director of Technology for Standards and Special Projects of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the
13、contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public
14、 in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted und
15、er itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes, by suggesting safe practices in designin
16、g and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providingother information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to th
17、is Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 160Cognizant TC: TC 4.4, Building Materials and Building Envelope PerformanceSPLS Liaisons
18、: H. Michael Newman and William F. Walter*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationAnton TenWolde, Chair* James M. Lyons*Reda Djebbar Robert R. Marshall*Lixing Gu* Richard E. Peters*Duncan Henry Hill Elbert G. Phillips*Jonathan Humble* Silvio M. PlesciaAchilles
19、N. Karagiozis* William B. Rose*Norbert V. Krogstad* Paul H. Shipp*Hartwig M. Kuenzel Iain S. Walker*Mark D. Lawton Theresa A. Weston* 2009, American Society of Heating, refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution,
20、or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 160-2009Criteria for Moisture-Control Design Analysis in BuildingsSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Symbols 34 Criteria
21、for Design Parameters . 35 Criteria for Selecting Analytical Procedures . 76 Moisture Performance Evaluation Criteria 77 Reporting 88 References . 8Informative Annex A: Flowcharts 9Informative Annex B: Commentary on Standard 160 . 11Informative Annex C: Bibliography . 13NOTEWhen addenda, interpretat
22、ions, or errata to this standard have been approved, they can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAE Web site at www.ashrae.org. Copyright 2009 American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle NEAtlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved.
23、 2009, American Society of Heating, refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 160-
24、2009(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a conse
25、nsus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the right to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDAlthough the majority of new buildings are safe, com-fortable, and designed to provide effective protection againstmoisture-related problems, there are a certain number ofbuildings
26、 built each year that do experience moisture ormold problems. Whether this number is now increasing andwhether the increase is due to the greater emphasis onenergy-efficiency measures today is a widely debated topic.This purpose of this standard is not to answer either of thesequestions but rather t
27、o provide guidance on how to bestdesign buildings with adequate moisture control features.Given its position as a leader in the proper design of heating,ventilating, and air-conditioning equipment, ASHRAE isuniquely qualified to provide such guidance.During the last two decades, a number of computer
28、 simu-lation tools have been developed to predict thermal and mois-ture conditions in buildings and the building envelope. Inaddition to their use as forensic tools in the investigation ofbuilding failures, these computer models are increasingly usedto make recommendations for building design in var
29、ious cli-mates. However, results obtained with these models areextremely sensitive to the assumed moisture boundary condi-tions. For instance, during winter in cold climates, the mois-ture conditions in walls depend greatly on the indoor humidityconditions. Thus, a consistent approach to moisture de
30、signdemands a consistent framework for design assumptions, orassumed “loads.” The question whether design features suchas vapor retarders or ventilation systems are necessary cannotbe answered objectively unless there is a consensus definitionof the interior and exterior moisture boundary conditions
31、 thatthe building is expected to be able to sustain without negativeconsequences to itself or its inhabitants. This standard formu-lates design assumptions for moisture design analysis and cri-teria for acceptable performance. Ideally, a design analysis involves the determination ofthe probability o
32、f failure and treats all design parametersand loads as stochastic variables. However, sufficient dataare often not available to make a full statistical treatmentpractical. Instead, where only limited data exist, a moisturedesign protocol must be based on a combination of statisti-cal data and profes
33、sional judgment. Another judgmentinvolves the choice of an acceptable probability of the occur-rence of damage. Although it is common to impose verystringent criteria for structural design because of safety con-cerns, moisture damage usually occurs over a long period oftime and usually has less cata
34、strophic, although sometimescostly, consequences. An international consensus hasemerged that the analysis should be predicated on loads thatwill not be exceeded 90% of the time. This standard adoptsthis approach.In a moisture analysis for building envelope design, thechoice of indoor environmental c
35、onditions is extremely impor-tant, especially for buildings in cold climates. This standardopts for a design indoor climate definition that is based onengineering principles, is independent of construction, andreflects the influence of ventilation and air-conditioningequipment and controls that may
36、or may not be part of thebuilding design. In buildings where indoor humidity and tem-perature are explicitly controlled, the building envelope per-formance should be evaluated with the intended indoor designconditions. In residential buildings, indoor humidity is rarelyexplicitly controlled, so defa
37、ult design assumptions are neededfor these buildings. In general, the standard encouragesdesigners to use their own design parameter values if they areknown and part of the design. If they are unknown or notincluded in the design, the standard provides default valuesfor those loads and parameters.Th
38、e standard does not address design details that dealwith rainwater intrusion, plumbing leaks, ground water, andwater damage caused by natural disasters such as floods andhurricanes. While proper design for these issues is extremelyimportant, and damage from such events involves a large per-centage o
39、f moisture damage in buildings, they can be moreeffectively addressed by codes, training of the trades, and spe-cific design guidelines (see Annex B, “Commentary on Stan-dard 160”). This standard assumes that appropriate measureswere taken to limit bulk water entry into the building andbuilding enve
40、lope. It does not intend to replace the judgmentof the design professional. Rather, it provides a framework forthe design professional to identify and consider factors thatare important to the durability and serviceability of the build-ing. In addition, many items in this standard are based onincomp
41、lete information and are, therefore, partially based onthe best professional judgment of the standard committee atthe time of writing. The development of this standard haspointed to many unanswered questions, questions that hope-fully will be addressed and answered by research in the nearfuture.1. P
42、URPOSEThe purpose of this standard is to specify performance-based design criteria for predicting, mitigating, or reducingmoisture damage to the building envelope, materials, compo-nents, systems, and furnishings, depending on climate,construction type, and HVAC system operation. These criteriainclu
43、de the following:a. Criteria for selecting analytic proceduresb. Criteria for inputsc. Criteria for evaluation and use of outputs2. SCOPE2.1 This standard applies to the design of new buildings andto the retrofit and renovation of existing buildings.2.2 This standard applies to all types of building
44、s, buildingcomponents, and materials. 2009, American Society of Heating, refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written p
45、ermission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 160-2009 32.3 This standard applies to all interior and exterior zonesand building envelope cavities.B-12.4 This standard does not directly address thermal comfortor acceptable indoor air quality.B-12.5 This standard does not address the design of buildingcomponents or
46、 envelopes to resist liquid water leakage fromsources such as rainwater, ground water, flooding, or icedams.B-1Note: All superscript notes such as B-1, B-2, and so forthrefer to commentary on the standard that is contained in Infor-mative Annex B.3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS3.1 Definit
47、ions24-hour running average: a continuously updated average ofvalues over the most recent 24 hours.7-day running average: a continuously updated average ofvalues over the most recent seven days.30-day running average: a continuously updated average ofvalues over the most recent 30 days.airtight cons
48、truction: construction in which the buildingenvelope is designed with a continuous air barrier.B-2as-built: the condition of a building assembly in a completedstructure that accounts for an expected level of deviation fromthe ideal construction of that assembly in order to allow forconstruction tole
49、rances, discontinuities, and minor defects.continuous air barrier: the combination of interconnectedmaterials, assemblies, and flexible sealed joints and compo-nents of the building envelope that provide airtightness.EMC80: the moisture content of a material expressed as aratio of the mass of water and the oven-dry mass when thematerial is in equilibrium with air at 80% RH at 20C (68F).EMC90: the moisture content of a material expressed as aratio of the mass of water and the oven-dry mass when thematerial is in equilibrium with air at 90% RH at 20C (68F).low-slope roof: a ro
