1、ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c toANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15-2013Safety Standard forRefrigeration SystemsApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on June 29, 2016; by the ASHRAE Technology Council on June 29, 2016;and by the American National Standards Institute on June 30, 2016.This addendum was approved by
2、a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standards Committee has estab-lished a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely, documented, con-sensus action on requests for change to any part of the standard. The change submitta
3、l form, instructions, and deadlines may beobtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or in paper form from the Senior Manager of Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE website (www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Cus-tomer Service, 179
4、1 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: ordersashrae.org. Fax: 678-539-2129. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go towww.ashrae.org/permissions. 2016 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336ASHRAE is a registered trademar
5、k of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus Standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE. Con
6、sensus is definedby the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this Standard as an ANS, as“substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority,bu
7、t not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this Standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation. ASHRAE obtains consensus t
8、hrough participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while othe
9、r committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all Project Committees. The Senior Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted fora. interpretation of the con
10、tents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in
11、 light of available information and acceptedindustry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components, or systemstested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under
12、its Standards or Guidelineswill be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of testing for rating purposes, bysuggesting safe practices in designing a
13、nd installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other informationthat may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformanceto them is completely voluntary.In referring to this
14、Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 15Cognizant TCs: 101, Custom Engineered Refrigeration Systems,and 9.1, Large Building Air-Con
15、ditioning SystemsSPLS Liaison: Roger HedrickDennis Dorman*, Chair Douglas T. Reindl* Tim HalsorMartin Timm, Vice-Chair Brian J. Rodgers* Alexander HillbrandGregory A. Scrivener*, Secretary Jeffrey M. Shapiro* Glenn C. HourahanWayne K. Borrowman* Eric M. Smith* Hung M. PhamEls Baert Russell C. Tharp*
16、 Douglas K. TuckerJim Caylor* John I. Vucci* James T. VershawDanny Halel* Larry D. Burns Wei WangScott MacBain* Rakesh Goel* Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publicationASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20162017Rita M. Harrold, Chair Julie M. Ferguson Cyrus H. NasseriStev
17、en J. Emmerich, Vice-Chair Michael W. Gallagher David RobinJames D. Aswegan Walter T. Grondzik Peter SimmondsNiels Bidstrup Vinod P. Gupta Dennis A. StankeDonald M. Brundage Susanna S. Hanson Wayne H. Stoppelmoor, Jr.Waller S. Clements Roger L. Hedrick Jack H. ZarourDrury B. Crawley Rick M. Heiden W
18、illiam F. Walter, BOD ExOJohn F. Dunlap, Srinivas Katipamula Patricia Graef, COJames W. Earley, Jr. Arsen K. MelikovKeith I. Emerson R. Lee Millies, Jr.Stephanie C. Reiniche, Senior Manager of Standards ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmi
19、ssion in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Addendum c to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15-2013 1(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It
20、has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDAddendum c gives requirement
21、s for carbon dioxide (CO2)refrigeration systems and modifies the requirements formachinery rooms. The addendum modifies a definition in andadds new definitions to Section 3. In addition, the addendumeliminates Section 8.12(d) and completely revises Section 9.2.6.Note: In this addendum, changes to th
22、e current standardare indicated in the text by underlining (for additions) andstrikethrough (for deletions) unless the instructions specifi-cally mention some other means of indicating the changes. transcritical system: a refrigeration system in which evapora-tion occurs in the subcritical region an
23、d heat rejection canoccur at a pressure exceeding the critical pressure of therefrigerant.gas cooler: a heat exchanger designed to remove heat from atranscritical system.intermediate pressure stage: a pressure stage that is some-times present on carbon dioxide (R-744) transcritical systemsthat opera
24、tes between the highside and lowside pressurestages, is regulated by a flash gas bypass valve, and includesflash gas tanks and gas coolers, where provided.flash gas tank: a tank provided to separate vapor from liquidon the supply side of an evaporator. The feed to a flash gastank is supercritical ga
25、s exiting a gas cooler that has beenthrottled to its subcritical region.flash gas bypass valve: a device that regulates the removal ofgas from the flash gas tank for compression.highside: those portions of the refrigerating system that aresubject to approximate condensing pressure.A portion orstage
26、of a refrigerating system that is subject to condenser orgas cooler pressure.d. The refrigerating machinery room shall have a door thatopens directly to the outdoors or through a vestibuleequipped with self-closing, tight-fitting doors.9.2.6 When a refrigerating system utilizes carbon dioxide(R-744)
27、 as a heat transfer fluid, the minimum design pressurefor system components shall comply with the following.9.2.6.1 In a circuit without a compressor, the design pres-sure shall be at least 20% higher than the saturation pressurecorresponding to the warmest location in the circuit.9.2.6.2 In a casca
28、de refrigerating system, the highsidedesign pressure shall be at least 20% higher than the maxi-mum pressure developed by a pressure-imposing element,and the lowside pressure shall be at least 20% higher than thesaturation pressure corresponding to the warmest location inthe circuit.9.2.6 Components
29、 of refrigerating systems that utilize car-bon dioxide (R-744) as a heat transfer fluid shall comply withthe minimum design pressure requirements in Sections 9.2.6.1through 9.2.6.4. The pressure at maximum operating condi-tions referenced by Sections 9.2.6.1 through 9.6.2.3 shall bethe highest press
30、ure experienced during the following condi-tions:a. Startupb. Full-load operation at the warmest heat rejection designconditionc. Defrost, for systems designed with defrost capability9.2.6.1 For circuits without compressor, the design pres-sure shall be not less than 120% of the circuit pressure atm
31、aximum operating conditions.9.2.6.2 Cascade refrigerating systems shall comply withall of the following:a. The highside design pressure shall be not less than 120%of the maximum pressure developed by a pressure-impos-ing element.b. The lowside design pressure shall be not less than 120% ofthe pressu
32、re at maximum operating conditions, corre-sponding to the warmest location in the circuit.9.2.6.3 Transcritical refrigerating systems shall complywith all of the following:a. The highside design pressure shall be not less than 110%of the maximum pressure developed by a pressure-impos-ing element.b.
33、The lowside design pressure shall be not less than 120% ofthe pressure at maximum operating conditions.c. The intermediate pressure stage, where present, shall havea design pressure that is not less than 120% of the pres-sure at maximum operating conditions.9.2.6.4 Where the design pressure calculat
34、ed in Sections9.2.6.1 through 9.2.6.3 will be exceeded in the event of refrig-erant warming to ambient temperature during normal stand-still or emergency standstill conditions, one of the followingmeans shall be provided to maintain pressure at or below thedesign pressure:a. A pressure-relieving con
35、nection that will relieve excesspressure to a lower pressure part of the systemb. A pressure-relief valve in accordance with Section 9.7.8Addendum c to Standard 15-2013Add the following new definitions to Section 3.Revise the following definition in Section 3.Delete Section 8.12(d).Revise Section 9.
36、2.6 as follows. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or
37、transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAES CONCERNFOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIESASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment.ASHRA
38、Es members will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment ofthe systems and components in their responsibility while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide,consistent with accepted Standards and the practical state of the art.ASHRAEs sh
39、ort-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact theindoor and outdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the Standards and Guidelines as established byitself and other responsible bodies.As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards
40、Committee and extensive Technical Committee structure,continue to generate up-to-date Standards and Guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promotethose new and revised Standards developed by other responsible organizations.Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to
41、-date Standards and design considerations as thematerial is systematically revised.ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest andwill seek out and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guid
42、es to updatingStandards and Guidelines.The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of thesystems intended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered.ASHRAEs primary concern for environmental i
43、mpact will be at the site where equipment within ASHRAEs scopeoperates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source andenergy transportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selectionshould be made by its
44、members. ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.ASHRAE 1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.orgAbout ASHRAEASHRAE, founded in 1894,
45、is a global society advancing human well-being through sustainable technology for thebuilt environment. The Society and its members focus on building systems, energy efficiency, indoor air quality,refrigeration, and sustainability. Through research, Standards writing, publishing, certification and c
46、ontinuingeducation, ASHRAE shapes tomorrows built environment today. For more information or to become a member of ASHRAE, visit www.ashrae.org.To stay current with this and other ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines, visit www.ashrae.org/standards.Visit the ASHRAE BookstoreASHRAE offers its Standards an
47、d Guidelines in print, as immediately downloadable PDFs, on CD-ROM, and viaASHRAE Digital Collections, which provides online access with automatic updates as well as historical versions ofpublications. Selected Standards and Guidelines are also offered in redline versions that indicate the changes m
48、adebetween the active Standard or Guideline and its previous version. For more information, visit the Standards andGuidelines section of the ASHRAE Bookstore at www.ashrae.org/bookstore.IMPORTANT NOTICES ABOUT THIS STANDARDTo ensure that you have all of the approved addenda, errata, and interpretati
49、ons for thisStandard, visit www.ashrae.org/standards to download them free of charge.Addenda, errata, and interpretations for ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are no longerdistributed with copies of the Standards and Guidelines. ASHRAE provides these addenda,errata, and interpretations only in electronic form to promote more sustainable use ofresources.7/16
