1、 TIA-912-C (Revision of TIA-912-B) August 2015Telecommunications IP Telephony Equipment Voice Gateway Transmission Requirements ANSI/TIA-912-C-2015 APPROVED: AUGUST 5, 2015 NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandin
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23、NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. ANSI/TIA-912-C TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREW ORD . viii INTRODUCTION. x 1 OVERVIEW . . 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 Telephone Compliance Requirements 1 1.4 Compliance Reference Point 2 1.5 Compliance Interpretation 2 1.6 Regulatory Issues 2 2 NORMATIV
24、E REFERENCES 3 3 DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS. 4 3.1 Voice Gateway Definition 4 3.2 Insertion Loss Definition 4 3.3 Sound Pressure Level Definition 4 3.4 0 dBr Point Definition 4 3.5 Loudness Rating Definitions 4 3.5.1 Loudness Rating 4 3.5.2 Relationship between Loudness Ratings and Loss
25、 Plans 5 3.5.3 Half-Channel Send and Receive Loudness Rating (SLRHCand RLRHC) 5 3.6 Port Definitions . 5 3.7 Port Descriptions 5 3.7.1 ONS On Premise Station 5 3.7.2 OPS Off Premise Station 6 3.7.3 DGS Digital Station 6 3.7.4 WAN Wide Area Network . 6 3.7.5 PAL Packet Access Line 6 3.7.6 DAL Digital
26、 Access Line . 6 3.7.7 FXO Foreign Exchange Office . 7 3.7.8 FXD Foreign Exchange Digital 7 3.7.9 ATT Analog Tie Trunk 7 3.8 Abbreviations and Acronyms . 9 4 PRODUCT EVALUATION CONSIDERATIONS 10 4.1 Codecs . 10 4.2 Reference Impedance 10 4.3 Choice of Test Signal 10 4.4 Categories of Performance Cri
27、teria 10 5 LOSS AND LEVEL PLANS 11 5.1 Introduction . 11 i ANSI/TIA-912-C 5.2 Port-to-Port Loss Allocation . 11 5.3 Digital Padding . 12 5.4 Voice Gateway Loss Plan Assumptions . 12 5.5 Full-Channel Loss and Level Plan Requirements . 13 5.5.1 Insertion Loss Criteria for Voice Gateways 13 5.5.2 Port-
28、to-Port Loss Table Interpretation 13 5.5.3 Port-to-Port Loudness Ratings Table Interpretation . 13 5.5.4 Voice Gateway Loss Ranges . 13 5.5.5 ANSI/TIA-968-B Requirements 13 5.6 Half-Channel Loss and Level Plan . 17 5.6.1 Overview . 17 5.6.2 Concept 17 5.6.3 Principle of Operation . 17 5.6.4 Applicab
29、ility 18 5.6.5 Recommended Loss Ranges 18 5.6.6 Packet Network Losses 18 5.6.7 Half-Channel Loss Plan Table 19 5.6.8 Network Stability. 20 6 LOSS PARAMETERS . 21 6.1 Frequency Response . 21 6.1.1 Narrowband Transmission Performance . 21 6.1.2 Wideband Transmission Performance . 24 6.1.3 Rejection of
30、 Power Line Interference . 27 6.2 Tracking Error and Overload Compression 27 6.2.1 Tracking Error . 27 6.2.2 Overload Compression 27 7 ECHO CONTROL AND RETURN LOSS . 29 7.1 Hybrid Balance Requirements 29 7.2 Hybrid Balance Reference Impedances 30 7.2.1 ONS Ports 30 7.2.2 OPS and Two-Wire Analog Trun
31、k Ports With Line Treatment 30 7.2.3 OPS and Two-Wire Analog Trunk Ports Without Line Treatment . 30 7.3 Input Impedance Requirements 30 7.4 Input Impedance Reference Impedances 31 7.4.1 ONS Ports 31 7.4.2 OPS Ports. 31 7.4.3 Two-Wire Analog Trunk Ports 31 7.4.4 Complex Reference Impedances . 31 8 N
32、OISE AND DISTORTION IMPAIRMENTS 33 8.1 Idle-Channel Noise . 33 8.1.1 3400 Hz Flat Noise 33 8.1.2 Psophometric Weighted Noise 33 ii ANSI/TIA-912-C 8.1.3 Wideband Flat Noise . 33 8.1.4 Single Frequency Interference (SFI) . 34 8.2 Longitudinal Balance 34 8.2.1 Longitudinal-to-Metallic Balance . 34 8.2.
33、2 Metallic-to-Longitudinal (Transverse Balance) Balance 34 8.3 Crosstalk . 35 8.3.1 Voice Frequency Crosstalk . 35 8.3.2 Ringing Signal Crosstalk . 35 8.4 Quantization Distortion 36 8.5 Single-Frequency Distortion . 36 9 OTHER IMPAIRMENTS 37 9.1 Intermodulation Distortion . 37 9.2 Envelope Delay . 3
34、8 9.2.1 Definitions . 38 9.2.2 Relative Envelope Delay (RED) Requirements 38 9.3 Impulse Noise . 40 9.4 Jitter 40 9.5 Gain Hit . 40 9.6 Phase Hit . 40 9.7 Dropout . 40 9.8 Peak-to-Average Power Ratio . 40 10 SIGNAL LEVELS 41 ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) MEASUREMENT GUIDELINES . 42 A.1 Frequency Resolution
35、. 42 A.2 Gain Ripples in the Measurement Path 42 A.3 Transmission Level Translation . 42 A.4 Dial-up Port for Trunk Testing . 42 A.5 Digital Test Port Availability 42 A.6 Hybrid Balance . 42 A.7 Input Impedance 43 A.8 Idle Channel Noise 47 A.9 Longitudinal Balance 48 A.9.1 Longitudinal to Metallic B
36、alance 48 A.9.2 Metallic to Longitudinal (Transverse) Balance . 48 A.10 Crosstalk Coupling Loss . 53 ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) TELEPHONY LOSS LEVEL PLANNING OVERVIEW. 55 B.1 Introduction . 55 B.2 Send and Receive Levels 55 B.2.1 Telephone Equipment Loudness Ratings 56 iii ANSI/TIA-912-C B.2.2 Overall Lo
37、udness Ratings 56 B.2.3 Optimum Overall Loudness Ratings . 57 B.2.4 ATT Network Interface Loudness Ratings 58 B.3 Port-to-Port Loss Allocation . 58 B.4 DTMF Overload on Analog Trunks . 59 B.5 Open Loop Loss and Network Stability . 59 B.6 Reference Levels . 60 B.6.1 Zero-Level Point 60 B.6.2 0 dBm0 D
38、efinition . 60 B.6.3 Digital Milliwatt 60 B.6.4 Transmission Level Translation 60 ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE) RELATIONSHIP BETW EEN LOUDNESS RATINGS AND LOSS PLANS . 62 ANNEX D (INFORMATIVE) PAN-EUROPEAN LOSS AND LEVEL PLANS ES 202 020 . 65 D.1 The Pan-European Half-Channel Loss Plan . 65 D.1.1 Voice Gate
39、way Connections . 65 D.1.2 Interface Descriptions 66 D.1.3 Voice Gateway Half-Channel Loss Plan . 67 D.2 The Pan-European Full-Channel Loss Plan 68 D.2.1 Full-Channel Loss Plan Interpretation 68 D.2.2 Full-Channel Loudness Ratings Table Interpretation . 68 ANNEX E (INFORMATIVE) LOSS PLAN AND LOUDNES
40、S RATING REFERENCES AND HIERARCHY 69 ANNEX F (INFORMATIVE) LOSS DEFINITIONS 70 F.1 Echo Return Loss (ERL) . 70 F.2 Return Loss (RL) 71 F.3 Transhybrid Loss (THL) . 71 ANNEX G (INFORMATIVE) IP TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENTS . 72 G.1 Delay . 72 G.2 Packet Loss . 72 G.3 Voice Gateways and Network Performance
41、 . 72 G.4 Voice Quality of Service. 73 ANNEX H (INFORMATIVE) BIBLIOGRAPHY 74 iv ANSI/TIA-912-C TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1 Voice Gateway Port Definitions and Connections 8 Figure 2 Narrowband Analog to Digital Frequency Response 22 Figure 3 Narrowband Analog to Digital Frequency Response Expanded Scal
42、e 22 Figure 4 Narrowband Digital to Analog Frequency Response 23 Figure 5 Narrowband Digital to Analog Frequency Response Expanded Scale 23 Figure 6 Wideband Analog to Digital Frequency Response . 25 Figure 7 Wideband Analog to Digital Frequency Response Expanded Scale 25 Figure 8 Wideband Digital t
43、o Analog Frequency Response . 26 Figure 9 Wideband Digital to Analog Frequency Response Expanded Scale 26 Figure 10 Voice Gateway Port-to-Port Tracking Error and Overload Compression. 28 Figure 11 OPS/2-Wire Trunk Reference Impedance . 30 Figure 12 Relative Envelope Delay vs. Frequency for Narrowban
44、d Connections 39 Figure 13 Relative Envelope Delay vs. Frequency for Wideband Connections . 39 Figure A.1 Equipment Connections for Testing the Hybrid Balance of a 2-Wire Analog Port Using the Full-Channel Method . 44 Figure A.2 Equipment Connections for Testing the Hybrid Balance of a 2-Wire Analog
45、 Port Using the Digital Half-Channel Method 44 Figure A.3 Equipment Connections for Testing a 2-Wire Analog Port Input Impedance Using the Full-Channel Method 45 Figure A.4 Equipment Connections for Testing a 2-Wire Analog Port Input Impedance Using the Digital Half-Channel Method 45 Figure A.5 Equi
46、pment Connections for Testing a 4-Wire Analog Port Input Impedance Using the Full-Channel Method 46 Figure A.6 Equipment Connections for Testing a 4-Wire Analog Port Input Impedance Using the Digital Half-Channel Method 46 Figure A.7 Idle-Channel Noise Test Arrangement 48 Figure A.8 Transverse Balan
47、ce Test Circuit (Analog) 50 Figure A.9 Off-Hook Termination for OPS or Unprotected ONS Interfaces 51 Figure A.10 Off-Hook Termination for Station Interfaces with Longitudinal Current Isolation 51 Figure A.11 Off-Hook Termination for DEO Interfaces . 51 Figure A.12 Transverse Balance Test Circuit (Di
48、gital) . 52 Figure A.13 Crosstalk Coupling Loss Test Circuit . 54 Figure B.1 Terminal Loudness Ratings . 56 Figure B.2 Telephone-to-Telephone Overall Loudness Ratings . 57 Figure B.3 E-Model Optimum Overall Loudness Rating 57 Figure B.4 ATT Network Interface Loudness Ratings 58 v ANSI/TIA-912-C Figu
49、re B.5 DTMF Levels for Long and Short Loop Analog Trunks 59 Figure C.1 Scenario 1: Digital Set-VG-Digital Set . 62 Figure C.2 Scenario 2: Analog Set-DEO-Analog Set (0 km) 63 Figure C.3 Scenario 3: Analog Set-DEO-Analog Set (2.7 km) . 63 Figure C.4 Scenario 4: Analog Set-VG-Analog Set 64 Figure C.5 Scenario 5: Analog Set-VG-Digital Set . 64 Figure D.1 Pan-European Voice Gateway Connections 65 Figure E.1 Hierarchical Relationship between Loudness Rating and Loss Plan Sta
