1、November 2014NDSSupplementNational Design Specification Design Values for Wood Construction2015 EDITIONUpdates and ErrataWhile every precaution has been taken toensure the accuracy of this document, errorsmay have occurred during development.Updates or Errata are posted to the American Wood Council
2、website at www.awc.org. Technical inquiries may be addressed to infoawc.org.The American Wood Council (AWC) is the voice of North American traditional and engineered wood products. From a renewable resource that absorbs and sequesters carbon, the wood products industry makes products that are essent
3、ial to everyday life. AWCs engineers, technologists, scientists, and building code experts develop state-of-the-art engineering data, technology, and standards on structural wood products for use by design professionals, building officials, and wood products manufacturers to assure the safe and effi
4、cient design and use of wood structural components.November 2014Copyright 2014 American Wood CouncilNDSSupplementNational Design Specification Design Values for Wood Construction2015 EDITIONAMERICAN WOOD COUNCILii DESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENTNational Design Specification (NDS)
5、Supplement: Design Values for Wood Construction 2015 EditionFirst Web Version: November 2014Second Web Version: November 2015First Print Version: November 2015ISBN 978-1-940383-06-4ISBN 978-1-940383-39-2 (3 volume set)Copyright 2014 by American Wood Council All rights reserved. No part of this publi
6、cation may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including, without limitation, electronic, optical, or mechanical means (by way of example and not limitation, photocopying, or recording by or in an information storage retrieval system) without express written permi
7、ssion of the American Wood Council. For information on permission to copy material, please contact:Copyright PermissionAmerican Wood Council222 Catoctin Circle, SE, Suite 201Leesburg, VA 20175infoawc.orgAMERICAN WOOD COUNCILDESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENT iiiIntroductionThis Suppl
8、ement is a compendium of reference de-sign values for structural sawn lumber, structural glued laminated timber, and round timber piles and poles. These reference design values have been obtained from the or-ganizations responsible for establishing design values for these products. Reference design
9、values in this Supple-ment are provided as a courtesy for use with the design provisions of the National Design Specification(NDS) for Wood Construction, 2015 Edition.LumberReference design values for lumber in this Supple-ment are obtained from grading rules published by seven agencies: National Lu
10、mber Grades Authority (a Canadian agency), Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association, Northern Softwood Lumber Bureau, Redwood Inspection Service, Southern Pine Inspection Bureau, West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau, and Western Wood Products Association. Grading rules promulgated by these agenc
11、ies, including reference design values therein, have been ap-proved by the Board of Review of the American Lumber Standard Committee and certified for conformance with U.S. Department of Commerce Voluntary Product Stan-dard PS 20-10 (American Softwood Lumber Standard).Reference design values for mos
12、t species and grades of visually graded dimension lumber are based on provisions of ASTM Standard D 1990-14 (Establishing Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Tests of Full-Size Specimens). Reference design values for visually graded timbers, decking, and some spec
13、ies and grades of dimension lumber are based on pro-visions of ASTM Standard D 245-06 (2011) (Establishing Structural Grades and Related Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber). Methods in ASTM Standard D 245 involve adjusting strength properties of small clear specimens of wood, as given i
14、n ASTM Standard D 2555-06 (2011) (Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values), for effects of knots, slope of grain, splits, checks, size, duration of load, moisture content, and other influencing factors, to obtain reference design values applicable to normal conditions of service. Lumber structures d
15、esigned on the basis of working stresses derived from ASTM Standard D 245 procedures and standard design criteria have a long history of satisfactory performance.Reference design values for machine stress rated (MSR) lumber and machine evaluated lumber (MEL) are based on nondestructive testing of in
16、dividual pieces. Cer-tain visual grade requirements also apply to such lumber. The stress rating system used for MSR and MEL lumber is regularly checked by the responsible grading agency for conformance to established certification and quality control procedures.For additional information on develop
17、ment and appli-cability of lumber reference design values, grading rules published by individual agencies and referenced ASTM Standards should be consulted.Structural Glued Laminated TimberReference design values in this Supplement for struc-tural glued laminated timber are developed and published b
18、y the American Institute of Timber Construction (AITC) and APAThe Engineered Wood Association (APA) in accordance with principles originally established by the U.S. Forest Products Laboratory in the early 1950s. These principles involve adjusting strength properties of clear straight grained lumber
19、to account for knots, slope of grain, density, size of member, number of laminations, and other factors unique to laminated timber.Specific methods used to establish reference design values have been periodically revised and improved to reflect results of tests of large structural glued laminated ti
20、mber members conducted by the U.S. Forest Products Laboratory and other accredited testing agencies. The performance history of structures made with structural glued laminated timber conforming to AITC or APA speci-fications and manufactured in accordance with American National Standard ANSI A190.1-
21、2012 (Structural Glued Laminated Timber) has demonstrated the validity of meth-ods used to establish structural glued laminated timber reference design values.Round Timber Piles and PolesReference design values in this Supplement for round timber piles and poles are developed by the Timber Piling Co
22、uncil of the Southern Pressure Treaters Association in accordance with principles originally established by the U.S. Forest Products Laboratory in the early 1950s and contained in ASTM D 2899-12 (Standard Practice for Establishing Allowable Stresses for Round Timber Piles) and ASTM D 3200-74 (2012)
23、(Standard Practice for Estab-lishing Allowable Stresses for Round Timber Construction Poles), respectively. These principles involve adjusting strength properties of clear straight grained poles to ac-count for knots, slope of grain, density, size of member, and other factors unique to timber poles.
24、 Specific methods used to establish reference design values are contained in D 2899 and are used by D 3200. These methods have been revised to reflect results of full-size tests of timber piles.Conditions of UseReference design values presented in this Supplement AMERICAN WOOD COUNCILiv DESIGN VALUE
25、S FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENTare for normal load duration under dry conditions of ser-vice. Because the strength of wood varies with conditions under which it is used, these reference design values should only be applied in conjunction with appropriate design and service recommendations fro
26、m the NDS. Additionally, reference design values in this Supplement apply only to material identified by the grade mark of, or certificate of inspection issued by, a grading or inspection bureau or agency recognized as being competent.American Wood CouncilAMERICAN WOOD COUNCILDESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD
27、CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENT vTABLE OF CONTENTSChapter/Title Page1 Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies 11.1 List of Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies2 Species Combinations 32.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species Combinations 2.2 List of Non-North American Sawn Lumber Species Combinations 2.3 List of Structural Glued La
28、minated Timber Species Combinations LIST OF TABLESChapter/Title Page3 Section Properties 113.1 Section Properties of Sawn Lumber and Structural Glued Laminated Timber 4 Reference Design Values 311A Nominal and Minimum Dressed Sizes of Sawn Lumber . 131B Section Properties of Standard Dressed (S4S) S
29、awn Lumber . 141C Section Properties of Western Species Structural Glued Laminated Timber . 161D Section Properties of Southern Pine Structural Glued Laminated Timber . 234A Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Dimension Lumber (2“ - 4“ thick) (All species except Southern Pine) 324B Reference
30、 Design Values for Visually Graded Southern Pine Dimension Lumber (2“ - 4“ thick) 394C Reference Design Values for Mechanically Graded Dimension Lumber . 424D Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Timbers (5“ x 5“ and larger) . 464E Reference Design Values for Visually Graded Decking 534F Refe
31、rence Design Values for Non-North American Visually Graded Dimension Lumber (2“ - 4“ thick) . 575A Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Softwood Timber (Members stressed primarily in bending) . 625B Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Softwood Timber (Members str
32、essed primarily in axial tension or compression) 665C Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Hardwood Timber (Members stressed primarily in bending) . 685D Reference Design Values for Structural Glued Laminated Hardwood Timber (Members stressed primarily in axial tension or compressi
33、on) 716A Reference Design Values for Treated Round Timber Piles Graded per ASTM D25 746B Reference Design Values for Round Timber Construction Poles Graded per ASTM D3200 74AMERICAN WOOD COUNCILvi DESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENT1SAWN LUMBER GRADING AGENCIES1.1 List of Sawn Lumber
34、Grading Agencies 2DESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENT1AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL 2 SAWN LUMBER GRADING AGENCIESAMERICAN WOOD COUNCILFollowing is a list of agencies certified by the American Lumber Standard Committee Board of Review (as of 2011) for inspection and grading of untreated lumbe
35、r under the rules indicated. For the most up-to-date list of certified agen-cies contact:American Lumber Standard CommitteeP.O. Box 210Germantown, Maryland 20875-0210www.alsc.orgRules for which gradingRules Writing Agencies is authorized Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers Association (NELMA) . NELMA,
36、 NLGA, NSLB, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA272 Tuttle Road, P.O. Box 87A, Cumberland Center, Maine 04021Northern Softwood Lumber Bureau (NSLB) . NLGA, NSLB, WCLIB, WWPA272 Tuttle Road, P.O. Box 87A, Cumberland Center, Maine 04021Redwood Inspection Service (RIS) RIS, WCLIB, WWPA818 Grayson Road, Suite 201, Pleasa
37、nt Hill, California 94523Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB) . NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA4709 Scenic Highway, Pensacola, Florida 32504West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLIB) NLGA, RIS, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA6980 SW Varnes Road, P.O. Box 23145, Tigard, Oregon 97223Western Wood Products As
38、sociation (WWPA) NELMA, NLGA, RIS, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPA522 SW Fifth Avenue, Suite 500, Portland, Oregon 97204National Lumber Grades Authority (NLGA)13401-108th Avenue, Suite 105, Surrey, BC, Canada V3T 5T3Non-Rules Writing AgenciesAmerican Institute of Timber Construction NLGA, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPAContine
39、ntal Inspection Agency, LLC NLGA, RIS, WCLIB, WWPAPacific Lumber Inspection Bureau, Inc. NLGA, RIS, WCLIB, WWPARenewable Resource Associates, Inc. NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPAStafford Inspection and Consulting, LLC NELMA, NLGA, NSLB, SPIB, WCLIB, WWPATimber Products Inspection . NELMA, NLGA,
40、 NSLB, RIS, SPIB, WCLI B, WWPAAlberta Forest Products Association NLGACanadian Mill Services Association NLGA, WWPACanadian Softwood Inspection Agency, Inc. NLGA, WCLIB, WWPACentral Forest Products Association NELMA, NLGACouncil of Forest Industries . NLGA, WWPAMacdonald Inspection . NLGA, WCLI B, W
41、WPAMaritime Lumber Bureau NELMA, NLGANewfoundland and Labrador Lumber Producers Association . NLGAOntario Forest Industries Association Home of CLA Grading and Inspection NELMA, NLGAOntario Lumber Manufacturers Agency NELMA, NLGAQuebec Forest Industry Council NELMA, NLGA1.1 List of Sawn Lumber Gradi
42、ng Agencies3SPECIES COMBINATIONS2.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species Combinations 42.2 List of Non-North American Sawn Lumber Species Combinations 82.3 List of Structural Glued Laminated Timber Species Combinations 92DESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENTAMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL 4 SPECIES COMBIN
43、ATIONSAMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL2.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species CombinationsAlaska Cedar WCLIB 4AAlaska Hemlock WWPA 4AAlaska Spruce Alaska Sitka Spruce WWPA 4AAlaska White Spruce Alaska Yellow Cedar WCLIB, WWPA 4AAspen Big Tooth Aspen NELMA 4AQuaking Aspen NSLBWWPABaldcypress SPIB 4A, 4DBalsam Fir NELMA
44、 4D, 4ENSLBBeech-Birch-Hickory American Beech NELMA 4A, 4DBitternut HickoryMockernut HickoryNutmeg HickoryPecan HickoryPignut HickoryShagbark HickoryShellbark HickorySweet BirchWater HickoryYellow BirchCoast Sitka Spruce NLGA 4A, 4D, 4ECoast Species Amabilis Fir NLGA 4ECoast Sitka SpruceDouglas FirW
45、estern HemlockWestern LarchCottonwood NSLB 4ADouglas Fir-Larch Douglas Fir WCLIB 4A, 4C, 4D, 4EWestern Larch WWPADouglas Fir-Larch (North) Douglas Fir NLGA 4A, 4C, 4D, 4EWestern LarchDouglas Fir-South WWPA 4A, 4C, 4D, 4EEastern Hemlock NELMA 4DNSLBEastern Hemlock-Balsam Fir Balsam Fir NELMA 4AEaster
46、n Hemlock TamarackEastern Hemlock-Tamarack Eastern Hemlock NELMA 4A, 4D, 4ETamarack NSLBEastern Hemlock-Tamarack (North) Eastern Hemlock NLGA 4D, 4ETamarackSpecies or Species Species That May Be Grading Design ValuesCombination Included in Combination Rules Agencies Provided in Tables62SPECIES COMBI
47、NATIONSDESIGN VALUES FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION NDS SUPPLEMENT 5AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL2.1 List of Sawn Lumber Species Combinations (Cont.)Eastern Softwoods Balsam Fir NELMA 4A Black Spruce NSLBEastern HemlockEastern White PineJack PineNorway (Red) PinePitch PineRed Spruce TamarackWhite SpruceEastern Spruc
48、e Black Spruce NELMA 4D, 4ERed Spruce NSLBWhite Spruce Eastern White Pine NELMA 4A, 4D, 4ENSLBEastern White Pine (North) NLGA 4EHem-Fir California Red Fir WCLIB 4A, 4C, 4D, 4EGrand Fir WWPANoble FirPacific Silver Fir Western HemlockWhite FirHem-Fir (North) Amabilis Fir NLGA 4A, 4C, 4D, 4EWestern Hem
49、lockMixed Maple Black Maple NELMA 4A, 4DRed MapleSilver MapleSugar MapleMixed Oak All Oak Species NELMA 4A, 4Dgraded under NELMA rulesMixed Southern Pine Any species in the Southern SPIB 4B, 4C, 4DPine species combination, pluseither or both of the following:Pond PineVirginia PineMountain Hemlock WWPA, WCLIB 4DNorthern Pine Jack Pine NELMA 4D, 4ENorway (Red) Pine NSLBPitch PineNorthern Red Oak Blac
