1、 INCITS/ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011 2013 ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011 Information technology Biometric data interchange formats Part 1: Framework INCITS/ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011 2013 PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or vie
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4、for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. Adopted by INCITS (InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards) as an American National Standard. Date of ANSI Approval: 6/18
5、/2013 Published by American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, New York 10036 Copyright 2013 by Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). All rights reserved. These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO), Internati
6、onal Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of ITI. A
7、ll requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. Printed in the United States of America ii ITIC 2013 All rights reserved ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Norma
8、tive references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Abbreviated terms .8 5 General biometric system.8 5.1 Conceptual diagram of general biometric system.8 5.2 Conceptual components of a general biometric system 9 5.3 Functions of general biometric system 11 6 Usage context of biometric data interchange fo
9、rmats 13 7 General aspects of the usage of biometric data for interchange.13 7.1 Introduction13 7.2 Natural variability 13 7.3 Aging and usage duration 13 7.4 Enrolment conditions13 7.5 Feature extraction algorithms13 7.6 Feature comparison algorithms.13 8 Processing level of data formats for interc
10、hange14 8.1 Processing levels according to ISO/IEC 19785-1.14 8.2 Captured biometric sample 14 8.3 Image data14 8.4 Behavioural data15 8.5 Feature data .15 8.6 Naming conventions for biometric data formats .15 8.7 Recommendations for standardizing biometric data formats15 9 Multibiometrics 16 10 Cap
11、ture device requirements.16 11 Format owner and format types.16 11.1 Relationship to CBEFF16 11.2 BDB format owner .17 11.3 BDB format types 17 12 Coding scheme for format types .18 12.1 Structure of data records18 12.2 Common elements for the general header .18 12.3 Common elements for the represen
12、tation headers .19 Annex A (informative) Examples of comparison scenarios .25 Bibliography27 ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011(E) iv ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized syste
13、m for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees col
14、laborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standar
15、ds are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication
16、as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such paten
17、t rights. ISO/IEC 19794-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 19794-1:2006), Clause 11 of which has been technically revised. In addition, Clause 3 now inc
18、ludes definitions that are used in multiple parts of ISO/IEC 19794, and Clause 12 has been added to describe general and representation headers that are harmonized across all parts of ISO/IEC 19794. ISO/IEC 19794 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Biometr
19、ic data interchange formats: Part 1: Framework Part 2: Finger minutiae data Part 3: Finger pattern spectral data Part 4: Finger image data Part 5: Face image data Part 6: Iris image data Part 7: Signature/sign time series data Part 8: Finger pattern skeletal data Part 9: Vascular image data Part 10:
20、 Hand geometry silhouette data Part 11: Signature/sign processed dynamic data Part 13: Voice data Part 14: DNA data ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved vIntroduction This part of ISO/IEC 19794 defines what is commonly applied for biometric data formats, i.e. the standardization
21、of the common content, meaning, and representation of biometric data formats of biometric modalities considered in the specific parts of ISO/IEC 19794. Each part of ISO/IEC 19794 can reference text and concepts from documents published by national, international, or industry organizations. Documents
22、 from approved reference specification originator (ARO) organizations as defined by JTC 1 will be referenced by citation. Documents from non-ARO organizations can be copied to an annex. ISO/IEC 19794 is one of a family of International Standards being developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37 that support in
23、teroperability and data interchange among biometric applications and systems. This family of standards specifies requirements that solve the complexities of applying biometrics to a wide variety of person-recognition applications, whether such applications operate in an open systems environment or c
24、onsist of a single, closed system. Open systems are built on standards-based, publicly defined data formats, interfaces, and protocols to facilitate data interchange and interoperability with other systems, which can include components of different design or manufacture. A closed system can also be
25、built on publicly defined standards, and can include components of different design or manufacture, but inherently has no requirement for data interchange and interoperability with any other system. Biometric data interchange format standards and biometric interface standards are both necessary to a
26、chieve full data interchange and interoperability for biometric recognition in an open systems environment. The ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37 biometric standards family includes a layered set of standards consisting of biometric data interchange formats and biometric interfaces, as well as biometric profiles
27、that describe the use of these standards in specific application areas. Figure 1 shows the interrelation of biometric-related areas of standardization. Biometric data complying with a biometric data interchange format of ISO/IEC 19794 represents the core component of biometric interoperability. Biom
28、etric formats frameworks such as ISO/IEC 19785 (CBEFF) can be used and serve as a wrapper around biometric data. Since biometric data are sensitive data and subject to attack, cryptographic protection is required in interchange environments. Biometric properties with respect to profiles, security ev
29、aluation and performance evaluation also play an important role. Biometric interfaces are essential to facilitate easy integration and usage of biometric components. The emerging harmonized vocabulary is recommended for use in describing biometric technology. The deployment of applications using bio
30、metric verification or identification takes place within the context of societal and cross-jurisdictional requirements. The biometric data interchange format standards specify biometric data interchange formats for different biometric modalities. Parties that agree on a biometric data interchange fo
31、rmat specified in ISO/IEC 19794 should be able to decode each others biometric data. The biometric interface standards include ISO/IEC 19785, Information technology Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework and ISO/IEC 19784, Information technology Biometric application programming interface (BioA
32、PI). These standards support exchange of biometric data within a system or among systems. ISO/IEC 19785 specifies the basic structure of a standardized Biometric Information Record (BIR), which includes the biometric data interchange record with added metadata such as when it was captured, its expir
33、y date, whether it is encrypted, etc. ISO/IEC 19784 specifies an open system API that supports communications between software applications and underlying biometric technology services. The biometric profile standards facilitate implementations of the base standards (e.g. the ISO/IEC JTC 1/ SC 37 bi
34、ometric data interchange format and biometric interface standards, and possibly non-biometric standards) for defined applications. These profile standards define the functions of an application (e.g. physical access control for employees at airports) and then specify use of options in the base stand
35、ards to ensure biometric interoperability. ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011(E) vi ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedBiometric Data Interchange FormatsBiometric Formats Framework (CBEFF, LDS)Biometric Data Security Attributes (Confidentiality, Integrity)Biometric System Properties(Biometric Profiles, Security Eval
36、uation, Performance Evaluation)Biometric Interfaces(BioAPI, BioAMI, Card Interface, .)Harmonized Biometric VocabularySocietal and Jurisdictional IssuesFigure 1 General interrelation model of biometric issues INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 1Information
37、 technology Biometric data interchange formats Part 1: Framework 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 19794 specifies general aspects for the usage of biometric data records, the processing levels and types of biometric data structures, a naming convention for biometric data structures, and a coding scheme
38、for format types. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC
39、19785-2, Information technology Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework Part 2: Procedures for the operation of the Biometric Registration Authority ISO/IEC 29794-1:2009, Information technology Biometric sample quality Part 1: Framework 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document,
40、the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE Definitions from ISO/IEC 2382-37 and ISO/IEC 2382-29 have been used when available. 3.1 biometric of or having to do with biometrics (3.2) NOTE The use of biometric as a noun, to mean biometric characteristic or biometric modality, is deprecated. EXAMP
41、LE 1 Incorrect usage #1: ICAO resolved that face is the biometric most suited to the practicalities of travel documents. EXAMPLE 2 Correct usage #1: ICAO resolved that face recognition is the biometric modality most suited to the practicalities of travel documents. ISO/IEC 19794-1:2011(E) 2 ISO/IEC
42、2011 All rights reservedEXAMPLE 3 Incorrect usage #2: My face biometric was encoded in my passport. EXAMPLE 4 Correct usage #2: My facial biometric characteristics were encoded in my passport. 3.2 biometrics automated recognition of individuals based on their behavioural and biological characteristi
43、cs NOTE “Individual” is restricted in scope by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37 to humans. 3.3 biometric algorithm sequence of instructions that tell a biometric system (3.20) how to solve a particular problem NOTE A biometric algorithm will have a finite number of steps and is typically used by the biometric sy
44、stem software to decide whether biometric probe data and a biometric reference match. 3.4 biometric behavioural data biometric data (3.7) representing behavioural biometric characteristics of an individual EXAMPLE Data resulting from writing, speaking, or typing. 3.5 biometric capture device device
45、that collects a signal from a biometric characteristic (3.6) and converts it to a captured biometric sample (3.28) 3.6 biometric characteristic biological and behavioural characteristic of an individual that can be detected and from which distinguishing, repeatable biometric features (3.11) can be e
46、xtracted for the purpose of automated recognition of individuals 3.7 biometric data biometric sample (3.19) at any stage of processing, biometric reference (3.17), biometric feature (3.11) or biometric property EXAMPLE Sensor data, image data, behavioural data, feature data. 3.8 biometric data block
47、 BDB block of data with a defined format that contains one or more biometric samples (3.19) or biometric templates (3.21) NOTE Definition according to CBEFF. 3.9 biometric data interchange record BDIR data package containing biometric data (3.7) that claims to be in the form prescribed by a base sta
48、ndard NOTE If the BDIR is encapsulated in a CBEFF record, then the BDIR is also a biometric data block (BDB) as defined in ISO/IEC 19785, but this will not always be the case for BDIRs defined in ISO/IEC 19794. 3.10 biometric data record data record containing biometric data (3.7) ISO/IEC 19794-1:20
49、11(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 33.11 biometric feature numbers or labels extracted from biometric samples (3.19) and used for comparison (3.30) NOTE 1 Biometric features are the output of a completed biometric feature extraction. NOTE 2 The use of this term needs to be consistent with its use by the pattern recognition and mathematics communities. NOTE 3 A biometric feature set can also be cons
