1、 IEEE Guide for Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) Gas Handling for High-Voltage (over 1000 Vac) Equipment Sponsored by the Substations Committee and Switchgear Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA 9 January 2012 IEEE Power +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individ
2、ual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C37.122.3-2011, IEEE Guide for Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) Gas Handling for High-Voltage (over 10
3、00 Vac) Equipment. The purpose of this document is to provide practical recommendations for a customized “Practical SF6Handling Instruction Guide” that applies to all equipment and can become a standardized document containing standard information and procedures covering the following: Commissioning
4、 or recommissioning Topping-up Refilling Checking gas quality on-site Sampling and shipment for off-site gas analysis Recovery and reclaiming Recovery and reclaiming at the end of life when the electric power equipment is dismantled The guide is organized in individual modules that can be bound toge
5、ther to form a customized “Practical SF6Handling Instructions” manual. Such a standard manual describes the SF6handling procedure according to the state-of-the-art technique. It is recommended that this guide be strictly followed in order to achieve operational, safety-at-work, and environmental ben
6、efits such as the following: Safer operation of the equipment Optimization of resources and tools required Minimization of out-of-service time for equipment Standard training of personnel handling SF6 Reduction of the amount of gas released during handling operations down to the functional physical
7、limit Avoidance of any deliberate release, e.g., flushing to the atmosphere Reduction of SF6losses and emissions during commissioning, service, and operation to a minimum Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with
8、 the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is n
9、ot in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. v Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. Copyrights This document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference,
10、 in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this document available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. Upd
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14、is and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/findstds/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/findstds/interp
15、s/index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken by the IEEE with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection
16、 therewith. If a patent holder or patent applicant has filed a statement of assurance via an Accepted Letter of Assurance, then the statement is listed on the IEEE-SA website http:/standards.ieee.org/about/sasb/patcom/patents.html. Letters of Assurance may indicate whether the Submitter is willing o
17、r unwilling to grant licenses under patent rights without compensation or under reasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrimination to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses. Essential Patent Claims may exist for which a Letter of Assur
18、ance has not been received. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submi
19、ssion of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Furthe
20、r information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. vi Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this guide was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the K1 T3 Working Group had the following membership: Gordon van der Zel, Chair Arun Arora, V
21、ice Chair Hanna Abdallah George Becker Peter Blohm Lutz Boettger Phil Bolin Hugues Bosia John Brunke Wayne Cheng Paul Coventry Richard Crowdis Wolfgang Degen Pat Dilillo Ken Edwards Markus Etter Patrick Fitzgerald Ron Forster Noboru Fujimoto Peter Glaubitz Jack Gustin Chuck Hand Mel Hopkins Shinichi
22、 Imai Dick Jones Heinz-Willi Juelicher Sung Kim Hermann Koch Shawn Lav Bill Long Johny Luiz Venketesh Minsandram Bob Mueller Mike Muhlenhaupt Jeffrey Nelson Ted Olsen Deborah Ottinger Darin Penner Phillipe Ponchon Mansour Pourcyrous Vittal Rebbapragada Lukas Rothlisberger Alex Salinas Devki Sharma R
23、obert Sicker Ryan Stone Ron Vance Ron Wamer Andreas Welsch Allen Xi The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Michael Anderson Ficheux Arnaud Arun Arora Robert Barnett George
24、 Becker W. J. (Bill) Bergman Arvind K. Chaudhary Robert Christman Gary Donner Randall Dotson Dana Dufield Edgar Dullni Douglas Edwards Gary Engmann Markus Etter Patrick Fitzgerald Marcel Fortin Frank Gerleve David Giegel Jalal Gohari Edwin Goodwin James Graham Randall C. Groves David Harris Gary Heu
25、ston R. Jackson Gael Kennedy James Kinney Jospeh L. Koepfinger David Krause Jim Kulchisky Saumen Kundu Chung-Yiu Lam Stephen Lambert Hua Liu Greg Luri Jorge Marquez Peter Meyer Georges Montillet Jerry Murphy Jeffrey Nelson Michael S. Newman Ted Olsen Miklos Orosz Alexandre Parisot John Randolph Mich
26、ael Roberts Anne-Marie Sahazizian Bartien Sayogo Devki Sharma Gil Shultz H. Smith James Smith Jerry Smith David Solhtalab Gary Stoedter Ryan Stone Michael Swearingen John Toth Joe Uchiyama John Vergis Kenneth White Brian Withers Xi Zhu vii Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA S
27、tandards Board approved this guide on 2 November 2011, it had the following membership: Richard H. Hulett, Chair John Kulick, Vice Chair Robert M. Grow, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Masayuki Ariyoshi William Bartley Ted Burse Clint Chaplin Wael Diab Jean-Philippe Faure Alexander Gelman Paul H
28、ouz Jim Hughes Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Thomas Lee Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Ted Olsen Gary Robinson Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca Mike Seavey Curtis Siller Phil Winston Howard L. Wolfman Don Wright *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:
29、 Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Michelle D. Turner IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Erin Spiewak IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development vii Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights res
30、erved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions 2 4. General background modules . 3 4.1 General 3 4.2 Gas characteristics . 3 4.3 Characteristics of electric power equipment 5 4.4 Environmentally compatible SF6policy 7 4.5 Toxicity 8 4.6 Gas categor
31、ies 8 4.7 Safety during on-site SF6handling 12 4.8 Training of personnel. 14 4.9 Storage and transportation . 15 4.10 Responsibilities 17 5. Procedure description modules. 17 5.1 General 17 5.2 Commissioning or recommissioning of SF6compartments. 18 5.3 Topping-up of SF6prefilled compartments to the
32、 rated pressure/density 19 5.4 Refilling of SF6to the rated pressure/density 21 5.5 Checking the SF6quality in gas compartments on-site 22 5.6 Sampling and shipment of SF6for off-site analysis. 26 5.7 Recovery and reclaiming of non-arced and/or normally arced SF6from compartments of controlled and/o
33、r closed-pressure systems. 27 5.8 Recovery and reclaiming of heavily arced SF6from compartments of controlled and/or closed-pressure systems 29 5.9 Recovery and reclaiming of SF6at the end-of-life disposal when the electric power equipment is dismantled. 31 6. SF6handling equipment description modul
34、es 33 6.1 General 33 6.2 Gas reclaimers . 34 6.3 Personal protective equipment. 38 6.4 Devices for gas measurement on-site 39 6.5 Cylinder for gas samples . 41 6.6 Gas piping and pipe junctions in buildings or equipment 41 Annex A (normative) Theoretical considerations for SF6handling . 42 Annex B (
35、informative) Moisture measurement units and conversions. 46 Annex C (informative) Bibliography 58 1 Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Guide for Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) Gas Handling for High-Voltage (over 1000 Vac) Equipment IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure sa
36、fety, security, health, or environmental protection. Implementers of the standard are responsible for determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements. This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaim
37、ers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disc
38、laimers.html. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This guide describes significant aspects of handling SF6gas used in electric power equipment, such as gas recovery, reclamation, and recycling, in order to keep the gas permanently in a closed cycle and to avoid any deliberate release into the environment. 1.2 Pur
39、pose To provide state-of-the-art technologies and procedures to minimize SF6gas emission to a minimum functional level for the electric power equipment to preserve the environment. This guide will include all the aspects for consideration during commissioning and recommissioning, topping up, refilli
40、ng, checking the gas quality at site, sampling and shipment for off-site gas analysis, and recovering and reclaiming during normal operation and at the end of the life of power equipment while dismantling. This guide also presents the state-of-the art tools and measuring devices including the necess
41、ary personnel protective equipment. The basis for the preparation of this guide is CIGRE Brochure No. 276, Guide for preparation of customized “Practical SF6handling instructions,” August 2005 edition, developed by the Study Committee B3, Task Force B3.02.01. IEEE Std C37.122.3-2011 IEEE Guide for S
42、ulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) Gas Handling for High-Voltage (over 1000 Vac) Equipment 2 Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must be understood and used, so each referenced
43、document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. ASTM D2472-00, Standard Specification for Sulfu
44、r Hexafluoride.1IEC 60376, Specification of technical grade sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) for use in electrical equipment.2IEC 60480, Guidelines for the checking and treatment of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) taken from electrical equipment and specification for its reuse. IEC 62271-1, High-voltage switchge
45、ar and controlgear Part 1: Common specifications. IEC/TR 62271-303, High-voltage switchgear and controlgearPart 303: Use and handling of sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). ISO 14040, Environmental managementLife cycle assessment Principles and framework.33. Definitions For the purposes of this document, th
46、e following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms biological accumulation in the food chain does not occur. It is an inert gas with very low solubility in water and therefore presents no danger to surface water, ground water, or the soil. SF6has no impact on t
47、he stratospheric ozone layerits ozone depletion potential (ODP) is 0. However, SF6is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential (GWP) of 23 900. It is also a persistent greenhouse gas with an atmospheric life time (ALT) of 650 to 3200 years. The difference in the figures is a consequenc
48、e of the adoption of different calculation models. 8In this document, pressures are given in terms of absolute units. IEEE Std C37.122.3-2011 IEEE Guide for Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6) Gas Handling for High-Voltage (over 1000 Vac) Equipment 5 Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. The GWP of SF6al
49、one is not adequate to measure the environmental impact of electric power equipment based on SF6technology. The environmental impact of any specific application should be evaluated and/or compared using the life-cycle assessment (LCA) approach, as regulated by ISO 14040. SF6has to be used in a closed cycle. When gas removal from containment is needed, a proper handling procedure should be implemented to avoid any deliberate release into the atmosphere. The yearly SF6emission rate from the overall electric industry represents 0.1% of t
