1、IEEE Std 1526-2003IEEE Standards1526TMIEEE Recommended Practice forTesting the Performance ofStand-Alone Photovoltaic SystemsPublished by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA29 January 2004IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21Spons
2、ored by theIEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 onFuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation,and Energy Storage (SCC21)IEEE StandardsPrint: SH95177PDF: SS95177Copyright 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved 1Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI) IEEE Std 1526-2003(R2009) IEEE Recommend
3、ed Practice for Testing the Performance of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic SystemsSponsorIEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21 on Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Gen-eration, and Energy Storage (SCC21)Approved 11 September 2003Reaffirmed 9 December 2009IEEE-SA Standards BoardApproved 29 December 20
4、03American National Standards InstituteAbstract: Tests to determine the performance of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems and for verifyingPV system design are presented in this recommended practice. These tests apply only to completesystems with a defined load. Performance testing is conducted o
5、utdoors under prevailing conditions over aperiod of about one month. The tests are intended to assist designers, manufacturers, system integrators,system users, and laboratories that will conduct the tests. System safety and component reliability issuesare not addressed in this recommended practice.
6、Keywords: design verification, performance testing, stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systemThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 29
7、 January 2004. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent (978) 750-8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educationalclassroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.Note: Attention is called to t
8、he possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject mat-ter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identify
9、ing patentsfor which a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity orscope of those patents that are brought to its attention.ivCopyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.Introduction(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1526-2003, IEEE Recommen
10、ded Practice for Testing the Performance ofStand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems.)The majority of performance problems in stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems tend to fall into one ofthree areas:1) Poor design or selection of inferior or inappropriate components by the system designer2) Poor installatio
11、n of the PV system by untrained or inexperienced system installers3) Improper use or lack of maintenance of the PV system by the userThe purpose of this recommended practice is to address Item 1). In many cases, PV systems provide energyto a load as well as to a battery storage system, which powers
12、the load at night or other times when the PVarray output is insufficient. In such cases, an evaluation of system performance is heavily based on how wellthe PV array charges the battery and how well the battery is sized for the load.This standard provides test methods and procedures for assessing th
13、e performance of stand-alone PVsystems that include PV modules, charge controller, batteries, and loads. This standard provides type testingon a system level that can be performed at a test laboratory or by qualified personnel in the field with theappropriate test equipment. These tests are intended
14、 to evaluate the adequacy of the system design andperformance claims. They require about one month to complete.ParticipantsAt the time this recommended practice was completed, Standards Coordinating Committee 21 (SCC21), onFuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Dispersed Generation, and Energy Storage had the f
15、ollowing membership:Richard DeBlasio,ChairSteve Chalmers,Vice ChairT. Basso,SecretaryThe Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems Working Group of SCC21 had the following membership who par-ticipated in the preparation of this standard: Benjamin Kroposki,ChairPeter McNutt,SecretaryW. BottenbergW. BowerJ. Ch
16、amberlinD. DawsonW. FeeroF. GoodmanK. HechtB. HornbergerJoseph L. KoepfingerBenjamin KroposkiR. McConnellJ. SmythJ. StevensCharles WhitakerJohn WilesJohn WohlgemuthJ. AndersonG. AtmaramP. BoulangerMarlene BrownP. ButlerR. CarySteve ChalmersJ. ChamberlinRichard DeBlasioJ. DunlopS. DurandB. FarhiRober
17、t L. HammondC. HelmkeTom HundP. HutchinsonJason LinKevin LynnL. MeisnerF. MetzgerM. NispelC. ParkerJ. PhillipJ. PosbicJ. ReberA. RosenthalT. RuhlmannE. SkolnikE. SteinJ. StevensC. TerMaathG. Tamizh-ManiM. ThomasCharles WhitakerJohn WilesW. WilsonCopyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.vThe followin
18、g members of the balloting committee voted on this recommended practice. Balloters may havevoted for approval, disapproval, or abstention:When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this recommended practice on 11 September 2003, it had thefollowing membership:Don Wright,ChairHoward M. Frazier,Vice Ch
19、airJudith Gorman,Secretary*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Alan Cookson, NIST RepresentativeSatish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeSavoula AmanatidisIEEE Standards Managing EditorWilliam AckermanMichael BehnkeVijay BhavarajuMarlene BrownPhilip
20、 CappsSteve ChalmersGarth CoreyMichael DaughertyRichard DeBlasioMichael EddsGary EngmannJerry GoerzRandall GrovesRobert L. HammondSteve HoganTom HundWilliam KaszetaBenjamin KroposkiJason LinKevin LynnFaramarz MaghsoodlouWalter McCannonPeter McNuttRobert RalloBlanton RobinCharles RogersJames Ruggieri
21、Steven SanoGary W. ScottCraig TaborskyCharles WhitakerJohn WilesJames WilsonPhilip WinstonJohn WohlgemuthJane Ann VernerZhenxue XuH. Stephen BergerJoseph A. BruderBob DavisRichard DeBlasioJulian Forster*Toshio FukudaArnold M. GreenspanRaymond HapemanDonald N. HeirmanLaura HitchcockRichard H. HulettA
22、nant Kumar JainLowell G. JohnsonJoseph L. Koepfinger*Tom McGeanSteve M. MillsDaleep C. MohlaWilliam J. MoylanPaul NikolichGary S. RobinsonMalcolm V. ThadenGeoffrey O. ThompsonDoug ToppingHoward L. WolfmanviCopyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.Contents1. Overview 11.1 Scope 11.2 Purpose. 11.3 Lim
23、itations . 22. Definitions 23. Testing methodology . 33.1 Testing overview 33.2 PV system and test requirements . 33.3 Test report and documentation. 44. System inspection 44.1 System documentation review . 44.2 Initial system hardware inspection. 55. Data acquisition system (DAS) and PV system inst
24、allation 55.1 DAS specifications and installation. 55.2 PV system installation 76. System performance tests 86.1 Battery preparation. 96.2 Initial functional test (FTI). 96.3 Initial usable battery capacity test (UBCI). 96.4 Initial recovery test (RTI). 96.5 Final functional test (FTF) . 106.6 Final
25、 recovery test (RTF) . 116.7 Final usable battery capacity test (UBCF) . 116.8 Final battery charge 127. Final system inspection 127.1 System maintenance procedure review 127.2 Visual inspection 127.3 Wiring inspection. 128. Array I-V curve (optional). 139. System pass/fail test criteria. 139.1 Syst
26、em and load operation. 139.2 PV array . 139.3 Minimum UBC 139.4 Change in usable battery capacity 13Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.viiAnnex A (informative) Bibliography. 14Annex B (informative) Sample system summary 16Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Recommended Practice for
27、Testing the Performance of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems1. OverviewIn many cases, photovoltaic (PV) systems provide energy to a load as well as to a battery storage system thatpowers the load at night or other times when the PV array output is insufficient. In such cases, an evaluationof system p
28、erformance is based on how well the PV array charges the battery and how well the battery issized for the load.This recommended practice provides test methods and procedures for assessing the performance of stand-alone PV systems that include PV modules, charge controller, batteries, and loads. This
29、 recommendedpractice provides type testing on a system level that can be performed at a test laboratory or by qualifiedpersonnel in the field with the appropriate test equipment. These tests are intended to evaluate the adequacyof the system design and performance claims. They require about one mont
30、h to complete.1.1 ScopeThe test methods and procedures included in this recommended practice cover stand-alone PV systems. Pro-cedures provided are for conducting performance testing of individual components and complete systems.The methodology includes testing the system outdoors in prevailing cond
31、itions and indoors under simulatedconditions. 1.2 PurposeThis recommended practice provides test methods and procedures for determining stand-alone PV systemperformance and conducting design verification. Test procedures provided in this recommended practice areintended to assist designers, manufact
32、urers, system integrators, users, and laboratories in conducting theseperformance tests.IEEEStd 1526-2003 IEEE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR TESTING2Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.1.3 LimitationsThese tests do not address component or system reliability, quality issues, or compliance to a regio
33、nal ornational mechanical or electrical code, e.g., National Electrical Code(NEC)(NFPA 70-2002) B10.1These tests do not cover PV systems connected to an electric utility distribution system. These tests onlyapply to packaged stand-alone PV systems with a defined load. Test results are only relevant
34、to the systemtested. If the PV system or load changes in any way, then the tests must be rerun on the modified system. Apackaged stand-alone PV system includes all components with a specified load and a specified load profile.It may be desired to run performance tests on the load(s). Such tests may
35、be found in other documents.Sources listed in Annex A describe in detail how to test a lamp in a PV lighting system. Such tests, however,are beyond the scope of this recommended practice and may require specialized test equipment andprocedures.This recommended practice does not address issues of saf
36、ety. It is the responsibility of the user of this rec-ommended practice to establish appropriate safety and health practices.2. DefinitionsFor purposes of this recommended practice, the following terms and definitions apply. The AuthoritativeDictionary of IEEE Standards Terms,Seventh Edition B7, sho
37、uld be referenced for terms not defined inthis clause.2.1 array to load (A:L) ratio:The PV array ampere-hour (Ah)to load Ah ratio is the monthly daily averagePV Ah available divided by the monthly daily average load Ah. Average daily PV Ah are calculated by tak-ing the average daily solar resource f
38、or each month in kWh/m2times the PV array current at its maximumpower point (Imp) at standard test conditions (STC). A:L ratios can also be calculated in terms of theirrespective watthourparameters. NOTESee IEEE Std 1361-2003 B9.2.2 charge controller: An electrical control device that regulates batt
39、ery charging by voltage control and/orother means. The charge controller may also incorporate one or more of the following functions: dischargetermination, regulation voltage temperature compensation, load control, and status indication.NOTESee IEEE Std 1361-2003 B9.2.3 design month:The month in whi
40、ch the daily A:L ratio is minimum. The design month is typically eitherthe month with the least solar insolation or the month with the greatest load.2.4 hours of autonomy:The length of time that the PV system can provide energy to the load withoutenergy from the PV array.2.5 low-voltage disconnect (
41、LVD):The battery voltage at which the load is disconnected to prevent overdischarge.NOTESee IEEE Std 1361-2003 B9.2.6 low-voltage reconnect (LVR):The battery voltage at which the load is reconnected after an LVD.NOTESee IEEE Std 1361-2003 B9.1The numbers in brackets correspond to the numbers of the
42、bibliography in Annex A.IEEETHE PERFORMANCE OF STAND-ALONE PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS Std 1526-2003Copyright 2004 IEEE. All rights reserved.32.7 plane-of-array (POA) irradiance:The sunlight intensity per unit area (power) measured in the sameplane as the PV array in W/m2.2.8 solar insolation:The total dai
43、ly solar irradiance in kWh/m2. Most solar insolation data for a geographiclocation is reported for each month as the average daily irradiance for a specific array tilt angle. Typicaldaily solar insolation values are between 2 kWh/m2 and 7 kWh/m2.NOTESee IEEE Std 1361-2003 B9.2.9 standard test condit
44、ions (STC):The accepted conditions under which PV devices are commonly rated:1000 W/m2irradiance at a spectral distribution of airmass (AM) 1.5 and a 25 C PV cell temperature.NOTESee ASTM E1036M-1996 B1.2.10 sun hour (Sh):A term commonly used instead of solar insolation. One Sh is equivalent to a so
45、lar inso-lation of 1 kWh/m2.2.11 usable battery capacity (UBC):The measured capacity in Ah that a battery will deliver to the loadbefore reaching LVD.3. Testing methodology3.1 Testing overviewThis recommended practice describes the procedures to test stand-alone PV systems for overall systemfunction
46、ality. The required test specimens are described in 3.2. The documentation that will be generated bythe tests is described in 3.3. Clause 4 covers the system inspection and documentation review, as well as thePV system hardware inspection. Clause 5 covers the installation and instrumentation of the
47、PV system. ThePV system performance tests are found in Clause 6. The specific sequence of tests is determined based onthe specific system and its loads. Clause 7 is a final system inspection, examining the system maintenanceprocedures and looking for visible hardware problems. An optional PV array c
48、urrent-voltage characteristic(I-V) curve is discussed in Clause 8. The system data analysis is discussed in Clause 9. A sample systemsummary is provided in Annex B.3.2 PV system and test requirementsThe tests in this recommended practice require at least one complete system. A “complete” system incl
49、udesthe system documentation and all related parts for installation. This includes, but is not limited to, PV mod-ules, array wiring, the charge controller, the battery, the inverter, and all loads used in the system. Spare oroptional parts need to be included if they are recommended by the system manufacturer. The location/envi-ronment/climate where the system is intended to be installed and operated (not necessarily the test location)shall be specified.The manufacturer shall specify the load, how many hours per day the load is designed to run, wh
