1、i ANSI B11.242002 (R2012) American National Standard for Machines Safety Requirements for Transfer Machines Secretariat and Accredited Standards Developer: B11 Standards, Inc. POB 690905 Houston, TX 77269 Approved: 14 JUNE 2002 Reaffirmed: 27 November 2012 American National Standards Institute COPYR
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20、the United States of America No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ii Table of Contents Page FOREWORD IV EXPLANATION OF THE FORMAT OF THIS STANDARD, AND ANSI B11 CONVENTIONS .
21、VI INTRODUCTION VII 1 SCOPE 1 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES 1 3 DEFINITIONS 3 4 RESPONSIBILITY. 6 4.1 SUPPLIERS RESPONSIBILITY . 6 4.2 USERS RESPONSIBILITY . 7 5 HAZARD CONTROL 10 5.1 TASK AND HAZARD IDENTIFICATION . 10 5.2 RISK ASSESSMENT / RISK REDUCTION 11 6 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION . 12 6.1 GENERAL 12 6
22、.2 COMPONENT SELECTION 12 6.3 MACHINE CONTROLS 12 6.4 MODES OF OPERATION . 12 6.5 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 13 6.6 HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS. 13 6.7 EXTERNAL POWER SOURCES . 15 6.8 STORED ENERGY 15 6.9 EXTERNAL INTERFERENCES 16 6.10 PERFORMANCE OF SAFETY-RELATED FUNCTION(S) 16 6.11 MACHINE STARTING
23、. 16 6.12 STOP AND EMERGENCY STOP CONTROLS . 16 6.13 OPERATOR CONTROL STATIONS 17 6.14 MANUALLY OPERATED CONTROL DEVICES 18 6.15 INDICATORS 20 6.16 ANTI-MOTION MECHANISMS OR COUNTER-BALANCE SYSTEMS 20 6.17 POWER-OPERATED WORKHOLDING . 21 6.18 COOLANT SYSTEMS 21 6.19 TOOL HOLDER RETENTION 23 6.20 ELI
24、MINATION OF, OR PROTECTION FROM INHERENT HAZARDS 23 6.21 SAFEGUARDING . 25 6.22 ACCESS TO MACHINE PARTS . 27 6.23 EJECTED PARTS OR FLUIDS . 28 6.24 VIEWING WINDOWS 28 6.25 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY 28 6.26 NOISE 28 6.27 MIST, FUMES, VAPORS AND DUST 29 6.28 ERGONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS . 29 6.29 ENERGY SUPPLY
25、 FAILURES . 29 6.30 ERRORS OF FITTING 29 6.31 LIFTING OF MACHINE COMPONENTS 29 iii 7 LAYOUT, INSTALLATION, TESTING AND START-UP 30 7.1 GENERAL 30 7.2 LAYOUT AND INSTALLATION 30 7.3 TESTING AND START-UP . 31 8 SAFEGUARDING 31 8.1 GENERAL 31 8.2 GUARDS 31 8.3 SAFEGUARDING DEVICES 32 8.4 AWARENESS BARR
26、IERS AND DEVICES 33 8.5 SAFEGUARDING AGAINST SPECIFIC HAZARDS 33 8.6 SAFE WORK PROCEDURES . 34 8.7 PERFORMANCE OF THE SAFETYRELATED FUNCTION(S) . 35 9 SET-UP, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE . 36 9.1 GENERAL 36 9.2 MACHINE SET-UP PROCEDURES. 36 9.3 SAFEGUARDING . 36 9.4 MAINTENANCE 37 9.5 PERSONAL PROTECT
27、IVE EQUIPMENT . 38 9.6 TRAINING 38 9.7 SUPERVISION . 39 9.8 INITIATION OF NORMAL OPERATION 39 ANNEX A FIGURES. 40 ANNEX B - LIST OF HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS SITUATIONS 43 ANNEX C PERFORMANCE OF THE SAFETY-RELATED FUNCTION(S) . 46 ANNEX D SAFETY DISTANCE 47 v Foreword (This Foreword is not part of the r
28、equirements of American National Standard B11.24-2002 R2012) The primary objective of this standard is to eliminate or control hazards to personnel associated with transfer machines by establishing requirements for the construction, operation and maintenance of these machines. To accomplish this obj
29、ective, responsibilities have been assigned to the supplier (e.g., manufacturer, rebuilder, reconstructor, installer, integrator), the user, and personnel in the working environment. This standard began development in the late 1990s after recognition of the need for a safety standard to address the
30、supplier and user needs involving these machines, and approved by ANSI in 2002. This American National Standard was reaffirmed by ANSI in 2007, and again in 2012. The words “safe“ and “safety“ are not absolutes. Safety begins with good design. While the goal of this standard is to eliminate injuries
31、, it is recognized that risk factors cannot be practically reduced to zero in any human activity. This standard is not intended to replace good judgment and personal responsibility. Operator skill, attitude, training, job monotony, fatigue and experience are safety factors that must be considered by
32、 the user. Transfer machines and associated equipment technologies are continuously evolving. This standard reflects the most commonly used and time-tested state of the art at the time of its approval. The inclusion or omission of language relative to any evolving technology, either in the requireme
33、nts or explanatory area of this standard, in no way infers acceptance or rejection of such technologies. EFFECTIVE DATE The following is informative guidance only, and not a normative part of this standard. This Subcommittee recognizes that some period of time after the approval date on the title pa
34、ge of this document is necessary for suppliers and users to develop new designs, or modify existing designs or manufacturing processes in order to incorporate the new or revised requirements of this standard into their product development or production system. This Subcommittee recommends that suppl
35、iers complete and implement design changes for new machines within 30 months of the approval of this standard. For existing or modified machines, this Subcommittee recommends that users should confirm that the equipment / process has tolerable risk using generally recognized risk assessment methods
36、within 30 months of the approval date of this standard. If the risk assessment shows that modification(s) is necessary, refer to the requirements of this standard to implement protective measures for appropriate risk reduction. Inquiries with respect to the application or the substantive requirement
37、s of this standard, and suggestions for its improvement, are welcomed and should be sent to the B11 Standards, Inc. POB 690905, Houston, TX 77269-0905, Attention: B11 Secretariat. This standard was prepared by the B11.24 Subcommittee, processed and submitted for ANSI approval by the B11 Accredited S
38、tandards Committee on Safety Standards for Machines. Committee approval of this standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time this standard was reaffirmed as an American National Standard, the ANSI B11 Accredited Standards Committee was composed o
39、f the following member organizations: Alan Metelsky, PE, Chairman Barry Boggs, Vice-Chairman David A. Felinski, Secretary v Organizations Represented Name of Representative Delegate Alternate Aerospace Industries Association of America Willard Wood Lisa Goldberg / Chris Carnahan Aluminum Extruders C
40、ouncil Melvin Mitchell Scott Burkett American Society of Safety Engineers Bruce Main, PE, CSP George Karosas, PE,CSP Association For Manufacturing Technology Russell Bensman Alan Metelsky The Boeing Company Don Nelson Lance Chandler, PE Canadian Standards Association Elizabeth Rankin, CRSP Walter Ve
41、ugen Deere no deviation is permitted. The term “SHOULD” denotes a recommendation, a practice or condition among several alternatives, or a preferred method or course of action. Similarly, the term “CAN” denotes a possibility, ability or capability, whether physical or causal, and the term “MAY” deno
42、tes a permissible course of action within the limits of the standard. B11 conventions: Operating rules (safe practices) are not included in either column of this standard unless they are of such nature as to be vital safety requirements, equal in weight to other requirements, or guides to assist in
43、compliance with the standard. The B11 standards do not use the term “and/or” but instead, the term “OR” is used as an inclusive disjunction, meaning one or the other or both. A distinction between the terms “individual” and “personnel” is drawn. Individual includes personnel (employees, subcontracto
44、rs, consultants, or other contract workers under the indirect control of the supplier or user) but also encompasses persons who are not under the direct or indirect control of the supplier or user (e.g., visitors, vendors, etc.). Gauge refers to a measuring or testing instrument; gage refers to limi
45、ting device (e.g., backgage). Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to AMT POB 690905, Houston, TX 77269-0905 - Attention: B11 Secretariat. vii Introduction The primary purpose of every machine tool is to process parts. This is accomplished by the machine
46、imparting process energy onto the workpiece. Inadvertent interference with, or accidental misdirection of the released energy during production, maintenance, commissioning and de-commissioning may result in injury. The purpose of the ANSI B11 series of machine safety standards is to devise and propo
47、se ways to minimize risks of the potential hazards. This can be accomplished by an appropriate machine design, by restricting personnel and other individuals access to hazard areas, and by devising work procedures to minimize personnel exposure to hazardous situations. This is the essence of the ANS
48、I B11 series of machine safety standards. The responsibility for the alleviation of these risks is divided between the equipment supplier, its user and its operating personnel, as follows (numbers in parentheses refer to the clause numbers in these standards which address that responsibility): Figur
49、e 1 Typical layout of B11 base standards showing the various responsibilities viii Figure 1 (previous page) provides an overview of this standard and in particular, the responsibilities of and requirements for the supplier and user, including the user personnel. Numbers in parentheses denote the particular clause or subclause of the standard. A solid line between a block showing reference standard(s) and a block showing a normative clause denotes part of the requirements. A dashed line denotes an informative reference. Notes for Figure 1: 1) Scope Provides
