1、Designation: F1290 98a (Reapproved 2011) An American National StandardStandard Practice forElectrofusion Joining Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1290; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes general procedures for makingjoints with polyolefin pipe and fit
3、tings by means of electrofu-sion joining techniques. These should be regarded as generalprocedures and not as a substitute for the installation proce-dures specified by the manufacturers. Manufacturers should berequested to supply specific recommendations for joining theirproducts.NOTE 1Reference to
4、 the manufacturer in this practice is defined as theelectrofusion fitting manufacturer.1.2 The techniques covered are applicable only to joiningpolyolefin pipe and fittings of related polymer chemistry, forexample, polyethylenes to polyethylenes using a polyethyleneelectrofusion fitting. Consult the
5、 manufacturers recommenda-tions for compatibility of the electrofusion fitting with thespecific pipe or fitting material to be joined.1.3 The electrofusion joining technique described can pro-duce sound joints between polyolefin pipe and fittings, pro-vided that all products involved (that is, pipe
6、and fittings) meetthe appropriate ASTM specifications.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
7、of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1055 Specification for Electrofusion Type PolyethyleneFittings for Outside Diameter Controlled Polyethylen
8、eand Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe and Tubing3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise specified.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 control boxthe appara
9、tus placed between the powersource and the electrofusion fitting to regulate energy input tothe fitting.4. Significance and Use4.1 Using the procedures in Sections 8 and 9, the manufac-turers instructions and equipment, pressure-tight joints can bemade between manufacturer-recommended combinations o
10、fpipe that are as strong as the pipe itself.5. Operator Experience5.1 Skill and knowledge on the part of the operator arerequired to obtain a good quality joint. Each operator shall bequalified in accordance with recommended procedures and anyregulatory agency or industry organization that has juris
11、dictionover these practices.5.2 These procedures require the use of electrical andmechanical equipment. The person responsible for the joiningof polyolefin pipe and fittings should ensure that recommendedprocedures developed for the electrofusion fittings involved,including the safety precaution to
12、be followed, are issuedbefore joining operations commence. It is especially importantthat the operator be aware of specific instructions regarding theuse of electrical equipment in the presence of a potentiallyexplosive environment.6. Electrofusion Joining Processes6.1 Electrofusion is a heat-fusion
13、 joining process where aheat source is an integral part of the fitting. When electriccurrent is applied, heat is produced, melting and joining thecomponents. Fusion occurs when the joint cools below the melttemperature of the material. The specified fusion cycle usedrequires consideration of the pro
14、perties of the materials beingjoined, the design of the fitting being used, and the environ-mental conditions. See Specification F1055 for performancerequirements of polyethylene electrofusion fittings.6.2 Adequate joint strength for field testing is attained whenthe fitting is not disturbed or move
15、d until the joint material1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.20 on Joining.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved
16、 in 2004 as F1290 98a(2004).DOI: 10.1520/F1290-98AR11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyrig
17、ht ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internationa
18、l Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1cools (Note 2). Bond strength can be affected if the joint is notallowed to cool sufficently.NOTE 2Polybutylene undergoes a crystalline transformation forseveral days after coo
19、ling below its melt temperature. Although thisphenomenon has an effect on the ultimate physical properties of thematerial, its effect on testing of joints has not been found to be significant.If there is any question concerning the effects of crystallization, testsshould be conducted on joints that
20、have been conditioned for differentperiods of time in order to establish the conditioning-time relationship.7. Classification7.1 Technique 1: Coupling TypeThe electrofusion cou-pling technique involves heat fusion of pipes with a tubularfitting with pipe sections inserted in each end of the fitting.
21、 Thecoupling contains an internal heat source. The heat source canbe: (1) a resistance wire coil located on the inner surface of thefitting, or (2) the fitting itself can be made of an electricallyconductive material. When electric current is applied, heat isproduced in the fitting melting the insid
22、e of the fitting and theoutside of the pipe. The melted material from the two compo-nents flow together and fuse as the joint cools. A device shouldbe used to secure the joint and hold it in axial alignment duringthe joining process. The device may be either an external clampor one which is integral
23、 to the coupling.7.2 Technique 2: Saddle TypeThe electrofusion saddletechnique involves heat fusion of a saddle fitting to the outersurface of a pipe. The heat source is located on the fusionsurface of the concave base of the saddle fitting and can beeither: (1) a resistance wire coil, or (2) a cond
24、uctive polymer.When electric current is applied, heat is produced at theinterface of the pipe and fitting, melting the surface of the twocomponents. The fusion bond occurs when the melted materi-als of the two components flow together and cool below themelting temperature of the material. During the
25、 fusion process,a clamping device should be used to hold the fitting in place onthe pipe. This device may be either an external clamp or onethat is integral to the saddle fitting itself.8. Apparatus8.1 General Recommendations:8.1.1 Power SourceAn adequate source of electricity isrequired. Consult th
26、e manufacturers recommendations for thetype of power (ac or dc), input voltage, frequency (Hertz) andpower output (KW) required for proper fusion of fittings. Atransformer may be required if the source voltage differs fromthe voltage recommended by the manufacturer.8.1.2 Extension CordIf the power s
27、ource is remote fromthe installation site, an extension cord may be required. Selectan extension cord of sufficient conductor size to deliver therequired voltage to the control box.8.1.3 Control BoxA control box is required to deliver theappropriate amount of energy to the electrofusion fitting.Semi
28、-automatic and fully automatic control boxes may incor-porate either timers or sensing circuits which monitortemperatures, current, or pressures in the fittings during thefusion process. Not all control boxes are compatible with allelectrofusion fittings. Consult the manufacturer to determinethe com
29、patibility of control boxes not made by the samemanufacturer as the fitting.8.1.4 Alignment DevicesVarious types of alignment de-vices are available and may be required for a particular fitting.The alignment device should prevent movement of the com-ponents being joined during the fusion and cooling
30、 cycles.8.1.5 Surface Preparation EquipmentThe purpose of sur-face preparation is to remove surface contamination andoxidation from pipe or fitting spigot (Note 3).NOTE 3Surface preparation is very important to assure total fusion.8.1.5.1 ToolsAsurface cleaning tool is required for certainfitting de
31、signs to remove the outer layer or skin of material onthe pipe or fitting spigot surface prior to fusion. Tools used forthat purpose are commonly called scrapers. Only qualifiedprocedures and approved tools should be used. Emery cloth orsandpaper is not recommended.8.1.6 MiscellaneousThe following e
32、quipment may beuseful to assist in the electrofusion joining procedure:8.1.6.1 Tubing CutterUsed to obtain square end cuts onpipe.8.1.6.2 Marking PenUsed to mark the fitting location onthe pipe surface for certain fitting designs. It may be useful tomark the pipe to define the boundaries before scra
33、ping orabrading the pipe surface.8.1.6.3 Wiping ClothA clean, dry, non-synthetic, lint-freecloth or paper towel should be used for removing surfacepreparation residue from the joining surfaces. Considerationsof the hazards of static electricity should be applied in selectionof a wiping cloth materia
34、l.8.1.6.4 Rerounding DevicesRerounding equipment is thatequipment used to bring the pipe into the out of roundlimitation requirements of the applicable pipe standard or thelimitations established by the electrofusion fittingmanufacturer, whichever is more severe.9. Joining Procedure9.1 PrecautionFus
35、ion quality can be affected if extremeweather conditions exist. Therefore, the ambient temperaturelimits should be considered when making field joints. Observenormal precautions in the use of electrical equipment, espe-cially in wet environments.9.2 Technique 1: Coupling Procedure:NOTE 4When fitting
36、s are to be used to repair pipe under conditionswhere line pressure buildup is anticipated, pressure should be blocked offor vented to prevent excessive pressure buildup during the joining andcooling cycle.9.2.1 Cut the pipe ends squarely and remove burrs orshavings. Clean and dry the pipe by wiping
37、 with a clean papertowel or cloth.9.2.2 Remove the outer surface of the pipe using recom-mended procedure and tools. Avoid gouging or removingexcessive material from the pipe surface. Care should be takento maintain the specified minimum wall for the pipe.NOTE 5For certain non-pressure applications,
38、 removal of the pipeouter surface material may not be required. Consult the manufacturer forrecommendations.9.2.3 If pipe inserts are supplied with the electrofusionfitting, install these inserts into the pipe ends.F1290 98a (2011)2NOTE 6Care should be taken to ensure that fitting and pipe jointsurf
39、aces are properly handled and maintained free of contamination, suchas dirt, debris, or other sources of contamination such as oil from theoperators hands which could have a deleterious effect on joint quality.9.2.4 Center the fitting on the pipe ends. The gap betweenthe pipe ends should not exceed
40、the fitting manufacturersrecommended value.9.2.5 Secure the fitting and pipe in place to prevent move-ment during the fusion and cooling cycles using the recom-mended alignment tool.9.2.6 Attach leads from the control box to the fitting. Followrecommended procedures to ensure leads are connected and
41、working properly.9.2.7 Activate the fusion cycle in accordance with theinstallation instructions. When the cycle is complete, followthe recommended procedures for disconnecting the leads fromthe fitting.9.2.8 Allow the assembly to cool before removing thealignment tool. Consult instructions for reco
42、mmended coolingprocedures.9.2.9 Joint AcceptanceAssure the fusion cycle was com-pleted without interruption for the prescribed time for fittingtype and size being joined.9.3 Technique 2: Saddle Procedure:9.3.1 Clean and dry the joining surface of the pipe bywiping with a clean paper towel or cloth.9
43、.3.2 Remove the outer surface of the pipe using recom-mended procedure and tools. Surface preparation is onlyrequired in the area where the fitting is to be installed. Avoidgouging or removing excessive material from the pipe surface.Be careful not to alter the contour of the pipe during thisprocedu
44、re.9.3.3 Position the saddle fitting on the prepared surface ofthe pipe. Secure the fitting in place to prevent movementduring the fusion and cooling cycles. Handle the fittingcarefully to avoid contamination of the fusion surfaces (Note6).9.3.4 Attach leads from the control box to the fitting. Foll
45、owrecommended procedures to ensure that the leads are con-nected and working properly.9.3.5 Activate the fusion cycle in accordance with theinstallation instructions. When the cycle is complete, followthe recommended procedures for disconnecting the leads fromthe fitting.9.3.6 Allow the assembly to
46、stand until it is cool beforeremoving pipe from the alignment or clamping device. Consultinstructions for recommended cooling procedures.9.3.7 Joint AcceptanceAssure the fusion cycle was com-pleted without interruption for the prescribed time for fittingtype and size being joined.ASTM International
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