1、ANSI/ASABE S598 JAN2010 (R2014) Procedure for Sampling, Measuring and Reporting Commingled Crop in Combine Harvest of a Subsequent Crop American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ASABE is a professional and technical organization, of members worldwide, who are dedicated to advancement
2、 of engineering applicable to agricultural, food, and biological systems. ASABE Standards are consensus documents developed and adopted by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers to meet standardization needs within the scope of the Society; principally agricultural field equip
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7、 ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by ASABE. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agre
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10、org ASABE S598 JAN2010 (R2014) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 1 ANSI/ASABE S598 JAN2010 (R2014) Approved January 2010, reaffirmed January 2015 as an American National Standard Procedure for Sampling, Measuring and Reporting Commingled Crop in Combine Harvest of a
11、 Subsequent Crop Developed by ASABE Grain Harvesting Committee and approved by the Power and Machinery Division. Adopted as an ASABE Standard January 2010; approved by ANSI January 2010; reaffirmed by ASABE December 2014; reaffirmed by ANSI January 2015. Keywords: Biotech, Clean, Combine, Commingled
12、, Genetically Modified, GMO, Grain 1 Purpose and Scope 1.1 This standard establishes a method to estimate the percentage of commingled grain or seed from a previously harvested crop present in that of the next crop subsequently harvested by a combine harvester. 1.2 A standardized estimate of the lev
13、el (percentage) of commingled grain present after cleaning all or parts of a combine harvester and/or flushing with a quantity of grain is produced from these procedures. Because of differences among various large- and small-seeded crop varieties as well as other harvest factors, estimates from this
14、 procedure should only be used as a comparative guide between machine treatments using these procedures and not as an absolute value of maximum commingled grain percentage for all crop conditions or any single sample value from one of the crops tested. This standard is without warranty of any kind,
15、either expressed or implied. In no event shall the producers of this standard be liable for any damages including lost profits, lost savings or other indirect, incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use this standard. 2 Normative References ASAE/ISO 5687, Equipmen
16、t for harvesting Combine harvesters Determination and designation of grain tank capacity and unloading device performance ASAE 343.3, Terminology for Combine and Grain Harvesting ISO 6689-1:1997, Equipment for harvesting Combines and functional components Part 1: Vocabulary ISO 6689-2:1997, Equipmen
17、t for harvesting Combines and functional components Part 2: Assessment of characteristics and performance defined in vocabulary 3 Terminology and Definitions 3.1 commingled grain: Grain, oilseeds, or edible beans from an earlier harvested crop that is present in collection of grain, oilseeds, or edi
18、ble beans from a subsequent harvest. 3.2 separator, belt: A moving, inclined belt separator to separate spherical from non-spherical material. Non-spherical particles continue moving up with the belt to a catch bin while spherical-shaped particles roll down the inclined moving belt (opposite to belt
19、 movement) into a separate catch bin. Belt incline and speed may be varied to improve separation. ASABE S598 JAN2010 (R2014) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 2 3.3 separator, spiral: A spiral separator of one or more helices to separate spherical from non-spherical
20、 material. Unseparated material enters the top of an inner helix. As round particles pick up speed, centrifugal force causes them to roll over the edge of the helix into an outer helix or catch trough, while non-spherical particles continue down the inner helix into a separate bin. 3.4 Other combine
21、 terminology is defined in ASAE S343.3 and ISO 6689-1 and ISO 6689-2. 4 Test Conditions 4.1 Harvest will alternate between two crops of different grains, oilseeds, or edible beans that can be separated by some reasonable method to accommodate measurement of commingled grain concentration from prior
22、crop in a subsequently harvested crop. Corn and soybean crops are specifically referred to as examples throughout this standard, however, other crops that can be reasonably separated by available grain sorting equipment may be used instead. Separate gathering heads (i.e. corn head, grain platform) w
23、ill be used as required for harvest. 4.2 Crop conditions should be reasonable for harvest and noted in published test results. 4.3 The combine shall be tested with features readily available in the marketplace. If specific modifications are made before tests they should be noted in published test re
24、sults. 5 Test Procedure 5.1 General procedure 5.1.1 Harvest alternates between corn and soybeans with four samples collected at the exit of the conveyor during unloading of the first grain tank of subsequent crop. These samples are used for inspection of commingled grain concentration from the prior
25、 crop. Specifically a sample is collected after unloading approximately 20 l (first bu), 710 l (20thbu), 3540 l (100thbu) and the last 20 l unloaded from the grain tank (last bu). 5.1.2 Because the amount of commingled grain becoming entrapped in the combine has a significant range of variability, t
26、hree clean-outs with subsequent sampling within each crop (six total cycles of alternating between corn and soybean) are used to measure commingled amount. 5.1.3 To accomplish loading of the combine with grain yet allow tests to be accomplished in a timely manner, a minimum of four grain tankfuls of
27、 corn or two grain tankfuls of soybean are harvested before clean-out (if desired) and then harvesting the alternate crop and collecting commingled samples. If other crops are used, a minimum of two grain tankfuls are to be harvested between collections of a set of commingled samples so that the gra
28、in tank has been filled multiple times. Additional harvest (up to four tankfuls) is desirable between collections if harvest conditions allow this amount of time. 5.1.4 All safety measures or practices as outlined in the operators manual shall be followed. 5.2 Collection of commingled samples 5.2.1
29、Collect grain exiting unloading auger in samples with an average size of 2.7 kg (6 lb) or greater. Four samples shall be taken at intervals specified in 5.1.1 to evaluate commingled grain concentrations after flushing with specific amounts of subsequent grain but before collection of subsequent crop
30、. 5.3 Methods to separate commingled (prior crop) grain from subsequent (new crop) harvested grain 5.3.1 Cleaning and sorting equipment available in the post-harvest seed or grain processing industry is used to separate corn and soybeans. To separate spherical-shaped particles (soybeans) from corn k
31、ernels, a spiral or belt separator is commonly used. ASABE S598 JAN2010 (R2014) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 3 5.3.2 Verify by visual inspection the separation method used. Adjust equipment as required to ensure the adequacy of sorting and cleaning commingled g
32、rain from sample. Particles too small to be identified, commonly termed foreign material, shall be assumed to be part of the main (subsequent) crop in the sample. 5.4 Calculation of mean and statistical confidence upper limit at each sampling point (i.e., 20 l (first bu), 710 l (20thbu), 3540 l (100
33、thbu), and last 20 l (last bu) from grain tank) 5.4.1 Statistical calculations are to be made from collected field data on the ASABE calculation spreadsheet located at http:/www.asabe.org/ standards/images/S598.html. Statistical calculations within the spreadsheet are only valid for the procedure as
34、 described in this standard, specifically four samples of three clean-outs each in two alternating crops. A different number of samples or clean-outs does not result in valid calculations from this spreadsheet. 5.4.2 An example for a specific data set to calculate means and statistical confidence up
35、per limits at each sampling point are shown in informative Annex A along with results calculated by the spreadsheet. 6 Method of Reporting Results 6.1 A general description of how all areas are cleaned and number of person-hours spent cleaning the harvesting combine between harvest of alternating cr
36、ops and methods used shall be given. The description should be detailed enough for other combine operators to follow in a similar cleaning procedure. Examples of what may be included are specific areas cleaned (e.g., head, grain tank, cleaning shoe), cleaning tools used (e.g., compressed and vacuum
37、air, mechanical picks such as flathead screwdriver or scraper), and safety equipment (e.g., dust mask). General suggested guidelines for cleaning machines are listed in Annex B. 6.2 Combine harvester information will include the manufacturer, model, grain tank capacity (ASAE/ISO 5687), unloading aug
38、er length, and separator or engine hours at the start of the test. 6.3 The mean and upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for the median will be reported at each individual sampling point collected during unloading (20 l (first bu), 710 l (20thbu), 3540 l (100thbu), and last 20 l (last bu) from
39、 grain tank) for each crop. ASABE S598 JAN2010 (R2014) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 4 Annex A (informative) Annex A illustrates results of the ASABE calculation spreadsheet described in section 5.4.1 from using an example set of data. Table 5.4.2.1 Sample input
40、 data set and logarithmic transformation Crop Replication Volume Commingled Grain, % l bu Corn 1 20 1 0.087 Corn 710 20 0.124Corn 1 3,540 100 0.000Corn 10,620 300 0.000 Soybean 1 20 1 0.0055Soybean 710 20 0.020Soybean 1 3,540 100 0.010 Soybean 10,620 300 0.000Corn 2 20 1 0.042Corn 710 20 0.032 Corn
41、2 3,540 100 0.009Corn 10,620 300 0.000Soybean 2 20 1 0.038 Soybean 710 20 0.013Soybean 2 3,540 100 0.000Soybean 10,620 300 0.000 Corn 3 20 1 0.045Corn 710 20 0.013Corn 3 3,540 100 0.000 Corn 10,620 300 0.000Soybean 3 20 1 0.018Soybean 710 20 0.004 Soybean 3 3,540 100 0.000Soybean 10,620 300 0.000ASA
42、BE S598 JAN2010 (R2014) Copyright American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers 5 Table 5.4.2.2 Mean and 95% upper confidence limits above the median of each combination of crop and number of flushed liters (bu) Crop Volume Mean Commingled Grain, % 95% Upper Confidence Limit, % l bu Corn
43、 20 1 0.058 0.124Corn 710 20 0.056 0.088 Corn 3,540 100 0.003 0.007Corn 10,620 300 0.000 0.004 Soybean 20 1 0.037 0.078Soybean 710 20 0.012 0.027 Soybean 3,540 100 0.003 0.008Soybean 10,620 300 0.000 0.004 Annex B (informative) A general description of how different areas of the combine are cleaned
44、between harvest of alternating crops is to be included in reporting of results from clean-outs. Annex B includes suggested guidelines for both full and abbreviated clean-out procedures that were field tested in development of this standard. Cleaning tools used to remove grain may include pressurized
45、 or vacuum airflow, and mechanical picks such as flathead screwdrivers or scrapers. A dust mask should be used. Other personal protective equipment such as safety glasses, gloves, hearing protection, and a hard hat may be used depending on site hazards. A full clean-out attempts to remove any grain
46、or biomaterial that can be seen or accessed without major disassembly of the combine. Major disassembly is somewhat subjective, but is often interpreted to mean disassembly/reassembly times greater than one hour to gain access to significant areas of the machine or disassembly/reassembly times great
47、er than 10 minutes to remove less than 0.5 kg of grain and biomaterial. Abbreviated clean-out means eliminating or shortening the clean-out time in some areas of the combine that require significant amounts of cleaning time but from experience harbor smaller quantities of grain than other areas. Spe
48、cific areas of the combine cleaned or avoided should be listed in results as described in section 6.1. Begin any clean-out procedure by allowing the combine to self clean as much as possible. Remove the gathering head. Open cleaning shoe sieves and adjust the concave for maximum clearance. After ens
49、uring no bystanders are within range of flying projectiles from the combine, engage the separator and increase cleaning fan speed to maximum and rotor/cylinder speed to a high level. Engage the unloading auger or conveyor. Drive the combine across rows and operate the separator and unloader for at least one minute to shake grain loose for expelling from the machine. Consider having the elevator, rock trap, and unloading sump doors or panels opened for this step, but only if no bystanders are present and the area is clea
