1、AmericAn nAtionAl StAndArdANSI/ASSE Z9.1 2016Ventilation and Control of Airborne Contaminants During Open-Surface Tank OperationsAmericAn Society of SAfety engineerS4Casselogo-1200dpi_vector-1c-outline.pdf 1 1/20/2012 1:31:55 PMANSI/ASSE Z9.1 - 2016ANSI/ASSE Z9.1 - 2016The information and materials
2、contained in this publication have been developed from sources believed to be reliable. However, the American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as secretariat of the ANSI accredited Z9 Committee or individual committee members accept no legal responsibility for the correctness or completeness of th
3、is material or its application to specific factual situations. By publication of this standard, ASSE or the Z9 Committee does not ensure that adherence to these recommendations will protect the safety or health of any persons, or preserve property. ANSI ANSI/ASSE Z9.1 2016 American National Standard
4、 Ventilation and Control of Airborne Contaminants During Open-Surface Tank Operations Secretariat American Society of Safety Engineers 520 N. Northwest Highway Park Ridge, Illinois 60068 Approved July 28, 2016 American National Standards Institute, Inc. Approval of an American National Standard requ
5、ires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materiall
6、y affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely volunta
7、ry; their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he/she has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards
8、and will in no circumstance give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretation should be addr
9、essed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revis
10、e, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published October 2016 by American Society of Safety Engineers 520 N. Northwest Highway Park Ridge, Illinois 60068
11、 (847) 699-2929 www.asse.org Copyright 2016 by American Society of Safety Engineers All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of A
12、merica American National Standard Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of American National Standard Z9.1-2016.) This standard was developed from extended and careful examination of successful current practice in the control of health hazards resulting from open-surface tank operations. The require
13、ments set forth are considered the minimum necessary to ensure the safety of the workers involved. Appendix A contains information on the properties of potentially toxic contaminants. Much of this standard is drawn from an earlier standard: ANSI Z9.1-1991, Open-Surface Tanks-Ventilation and Operatio
14、n. Prior to the 1991 edition, there were four earlier versions of the standard: ANSI Z9.1-1977 (administratively withdrawn by ANSI on March 2, 1988), ANSI Z9.1-1971, ANSI Z9.1-1951, and ANSI Z9.1-1941. How to Read this Standard: The standard is presented in a two-column format. The left column prese
15、nts the requirements of the standard; the right column provides clarification and explanation of the requirements plus “how to comply” information. This standard also contains Appendices, which are informative and are not considered a mandatory part of this standard. Flexibility: Requirements are mi
16、nimum criteria and can be adapted to the needs of the user. Demonstrably equal or better approaches are acceptable. Where standard provisions are in conflict with other standards and codes, the more stringent should be applied. Where the user deviates from standards requirements, the user should doc
17、ument justification for the deviation. Auditing: The standard is auditable. An Audit Form is provided in the Appendix B. Response and Update: Please contact the American Society of Safety Engineers if you have questions, comments or suggestions. As with all ANSI standards, this is a work in progress
18、. New technology and research continues to change in this field and it is hoped that future versions of the standard will reflect this growth in knowledge. Suggestions for improvement are welcome, and should be sent to: American Society of Safety Engineers 520 N. Northwest Highway Park Ridge, IL 600
19、68 This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Z9 Accredited Standards Committee on Health and Safety Standards for Ventilation Systems. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved
20、this standard, the Z9 Committee had the following members: Theodore Knutson, MS, P.E., Chair Geoffrey Raifsnider, P.E., Vice Chair Ovidiu Munteanu, Secretary Timothy R. Fisher, CSP, CHMM, ARM, CPEA, Assistant Secretary Jennie Dalesandro, Administrative Technical Support Organization Represented Name
21、 of Representative American Foundry Society Robert Scholz American Industrial Hygiene Association Lou DiBerardinis, CIH, CSP, MIT American Society of Heating, Refrigeration (2) surface coating operations, excluding open-tank operations; (3) wet-sink operations in semiconductor manufacturing operatio
22、ns that are designed and operated to comply with Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI) ventila-tion standards; and (4) boiling liquid vapor degreasing systems. 1) Molten materials handling operations are all operations involving the use, melting, smelting or pouring of metals, a
23、lloys or other similar substances in the molten state. This includes heat-treating baths, descaling baths, die casting, stereo-typing, galvanizing and tinning operations. 2) Surface-coating operations refers to operations involving the application of protective, decorative (exclusion: does not apply
24、 to decorative chromium opera-tions), adhesive or strengthening coating or impregnation to one or more surfaces or into the interstices of any object or material by means of spraying, spreading, flowing, brushing, roll-coating, pouring and cementing, e.g. paint-dripping operations. 3) Wet-sink (wet-
25、station) operations nor-mally occur in special clean-room environments and are usually built to comply with rigorous process control and ventilation standards established by SEMI. 4) Boiling liquid vapor degreasing systems are used for cleaning surfaces. Cleaning solvents are vaporized, and condense
26、 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z9.1-2016 9 on parts. The condensed solvent dissolves part surface contamination and gravimetrically drips off the part. Opera-tions occur in an enclosure. 2. REFERENCED STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS 2.1 Relation to General Codes. This standard supersedes ANSI Z9.1-2006, Ope
27、n-Surface Tanks-Ventilation and Oper-ation. This standard in no way supersedes the codes or regulations of any govern-mental authority or other American National Standards. The provisions of this standard are in addition to any pertinent provisions contained in the following American National Standa
28、rds and publications. 2.2 American National Standards. ANSI/FM Approvals 4910-2013, Cleanroom Materials Flammability Test Protocol ANSI Z4.1-1986 (R2005), Sanitation - In Places of Employment Minimum Require-ments ANSI/ASSE Z9.2-2012, Fundamentals Gov-erning the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust
29、 Ventilation Systems ANSI/ASSE Z9.3-2007, Spray Finishing Operations: Safety Code for Design, Construction, and Ventilation ANSI/ASSE Z9.5-2012, Laboratory Venti-lation ANSI/ASSE Z9.6-2008, Exhaust Systems for Grinding, Polishing, and Buffing ANSI/ASSE Z9.7-2007, Recirculation of Air from Industrial
30、 Process Exhaust Systems ANSI/ASSE Z9.10 2010, Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Dilution Ventilation Systems in Industrial Occupancies ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2015, Occupational and AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z9.1-2016 10 Educational Personal Eye and Face Protection Devices ANSI/ASSE Z88.2
31、-2015, Practices for Respiratory Protection ANSI/NFPA 34-2015, Standard for Dipping and Coating Priming Processes Using Flammable or Combustible Liquids ANSI/NFPA 91-2015, Standard for Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of Vapors, Gases, Mists, and Particulate Solids ANSI Z358.1-2014, Emergency Eyewa
32、sh and Shower Equipment 2.3 Other Publications. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice for Design, 29thEd., 2016, Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Industrial V
33、entilation: A Manual of Recommended Practice for Operation and Maintenance, 2007, Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Values (TLV) for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indice., Cincinnati, OH:, ACGIH,
34、 2015 Estill, C.F., Watkins, D., Hall, R., OBrien, D., and S. Shulman: The Impact of Maintenance and Design for Ventilation Systems. App. Occ. Env. Hyg. 17:344-351 (2002) FM Approvals LLC, Approval Standard for Fume Exhaust Ducts or Fume and Smoke Exhaust Ducts Class Number 4922, 2002 Hemeons Plant
35、and Process Ventilation, 3rdEdition, D. Jeff Burton (ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC/Lewis Press, 1999 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z9.1-2016 11 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): Evaluation of Air Cleaning and Monitoring Equipment Used in Recircu-lation Systems, 1981, Cincinnati,
36、 OH: NIOSH, USHHS, PHS, CDC NFPA, Fire Protection Guide to Hazardous Materials, 2010 Edition Occupational Health and Safety Adminis-tration (OSHA): OSHA 1910.134, Respira-tory Protection, 1998 SEMI S6-0707E, EHS Guideline for Exhaust Ventilation of Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment 3. DEFINITION
37、S The following definitions explain terms used in this standard. 3.1 Acceptable Concentration. Some user-selected fraction of the Occupational Expo-sure Limit (OEL) or Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). The acceptable concentration never exceeds the OEL or LEL, depending on operational circumstances and o
38、pen surface tank (OST) equipment. Some users select 50% of the OEL as the acceptable concentration. 3.2 Air Cleaning Equipment. A device or combination of devices for separating contaminants from the air handled by a LEV system. 3.3 Capture Velocity, Critical Capture Velocity. As used in this standa
39、rd, the actual velocity of air at the farthest edge of the tank from the exhaust slot or hood used to control contaminant emissions. 3.4 Contaminant. Also, Air Contaminant, Stressor. A substance (dust, fume, mist, vapor or gas) whose presence in air is harm-ful, hazardous or a nuisance to humans. 3.
40、5 Control Velocity. The velocity of air at a point in space sufficient to bring contaminated air into an exhaust OST hood, AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z9.1-2016 12 usually reported as feet per minute or meters per second. The actual point of velocity measurement is not provided. 3.6 Documented. Docum
41、ent; to Document; Documentation. The formal process of planning and recording of decisions made by the user, or relevant others. Also, the written procedures developed for designing, operating, testing and maintaining an OST ventilation system. 3.7 Enclosure. A room, cabinet, hood or other structure
42、 that fully surrounds (i.e., on all sides, top and bottom) the contaminant source such that the contaminants are captured inside the structure. 3.8 Exhaust Hood. A shaped opening designed to capture or control air contam-inants. The exhaust hood typically encloses, captures, receives and/or removes
43、emis-sions or contaminated air from process equipment enclosures or directly from an emission source. The term also applies to exhaust ventilated enclosures, exhaust ventilated tools and exhaust apparatus or devices attached or integral with the process equipment. 3.9 Exhaust Rate. Also, Exhaust Air
44、 Volume Flowrate. The volumetric rate at which air is removed. Usually reported as cubic feet per minute; usually designated by the term Q. 3.10 Exhaust System, LEV System. A mechanical system for removing contam-inated air from a source, or space, comprised of one or more of the following elements:
45、 exhaust hood, ductwork, air cleaning equipment, exhauster or fan and stack. An exhaust system operates as a functional entity and the performance of all parts is affected by the design and performance of all other parts. (Industrial ventilation) exhaust systems require replacement of exhausted air,
46、 usually through a makeup or supply air system. 3.11 Fan. Also, Air Mover, Exhauster. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Z9.1-2016 13 Mechanical device used to provide static pressure and physically move air through an LEV system (e.g., fan, ejector). 3.12 Flowrate. See Exhaust Rate. 3.13 Fumes. Small, soli
47、d particles formed by the condensation of vapors of solid materials. 3.14 Gases. Formless fluids which tend to occupy an entire space uniformly at ordinary temperatures and pressures where they remain in the gaseous state. 3.15 General Exhaust Ventilation (GEV). Also, Dilution Ventilation (DV). Use
48、of uncontaminated (generally considered to be outdoor) air to thoroughly mix with actual or potentially contaminated air to reduce air-borne concentrations of contaminants to an acceptable concentration. Air contaminants thus leave the work environment in exhausted dilution air. A dilution ventilati
49、on system typically consists of air supply and exhaust systems with appropriate control equipment. Dilution air should normally be exhausted to the outside of the building in a manner that does not result in significant re-entrainment or exposure to those in the exhaust vicinity. 3.16 Hazard Potential. The hazard potential is an indicator, on a scale of A through D, of the severity of the hazard associated with the substance contained in the tank because of the toxic, flammable or explosive nature of the vapor, gas or mist produced therein. The toxic hazard is determi
