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    API TR 934-F PART 1-2017 Impact of Hydrogen Embrittlement on Minimum Pressurization Temperature for Thick-wall Cr-Mo Steel Reactors in High-pressure H2 Service-Initial Technical Ba.pdf

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    API TR 934-F PART 1-2017 Impact of Hydrogen Embrittlement on Minimum Pressurization Temperature for Thick-wall Cr-Mo Steel Reactors in High-pressure H2 Service-Initial Technical Ba.pdf

    1、Impact of Hydrogen Embrittlement on Minimum Pressurization Temperature for Thick-wall Cr-Mo Steel Reactors in High-pressure H2 ServiceInitial Technical Basis for RP 934-FAPI TECHNICAL REPORT 934-F, PART 1FIRST EDITION, SEPTEMBER 2017Impact of Hydrogen Embrittlement on Minimum Pressurization Temperat

    2、ure for Thick-wall Cr-Mo Steel Reactors in High-pressure H2 ServiceInitial Technical Basis for RP 934-FAPI TECHNICAL REPORT 934-F, PART 1FIRST EDITION, 6(37(0%(5 2017Prepared under contract for API by:Dr. Richard P. GangloffEmeritus Ferman W. Perry Professor of Materials Science and EngineeringDepar

    3、tment of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, VirginiaSpecial NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations

    4、should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any liability o

    5、r responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API public

    6、ations may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims an

    7、y liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These pu

    8、blications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marki

    9、ng equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.Users

    10、of this technical report should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Soundbusiness, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information containedherein.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored

    11、in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact thePublisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2017 American Petroleum InstituteFor

    12、ewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone ag

    13、ainst liability for infringement of letters patent.Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication should be directed in writing to the Director ofStandards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission toreproduce or trans

    14、late all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication ca

    15、n be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Wa

    16、shington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPageExecutive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Objective and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Technical Analysis. . . . . .

    19、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

    20、Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Figures1 Effect of loading format on: (top) the threshold for IHAC and (bottom) the growth rate vs stress intensity factor re

    21、lationship for a modern pure 2Cr-1Mo steel containing 5 wppm predissolved H (CH-Total) and stressed at 23 C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 The effect of measured predissolved total H concentration (CH-Total)

    22、 on KIH forthe onset of IHAC under rising CMOD (dK/dt = 0.007 MPa m) for laboratory step-cooled 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal of several purity levels and tested at 23 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 The effect of test temperature on KIH for the onset of IHAC under ris

    23、ing CMOD (dK/dt = 0.007 MPa m)for 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal of moderate purity and a single CH-Total of 5 wppm . . . . . . . 34 The slotted compact tension specimen developed in Phase II for laboratory characterization of KIH and da/dt vs K for IHAC without H loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Crack growth rate vs applied stress intensity for the slotted compact tension specimens of 2 Cr-1Mo weld metal stressed under slow-rising CMOD at 25 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Effect of

    25、temperature on the rising CMOD threshold, KIH, for standard H2-precharged specimens of 2Cr-1Mo weld metal from Figure 3, as well as for the slotted compact tension specimen with three levels of electrochemically fixed total H concentration; 3.0 wppm (0.5 M H2SO4 + 103 M K2SO4,5.0 mA/cm2), 1.8 wppm (

    26、0.1 M NaOH, 15 mA/cm2), and 1.1 wppm (0.5 M H2SO4,10 mA/cm2) on the slot surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Effect of applied dK/dt, during rising CMOD, on KIH fo

    27、r low-J factor base plate and both low and moderate XB factor weld metal of 2Cr-1Mo steel, containing either 5 wppm or 3 wppm of precharged H (CH-Total) and stressed at 23 C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 An ex

    28、ample of the intended pressurization vs temperature profile for safe-reactor startup, with the MPT of 150 C established to minimize the likelihood of both catastrophic fracture due to temper embrittlement and subcritical crack propagation due to IHAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    29、 . . . . . . . . . . 89 Critical temperature for IHAC vs total dissolved H concentration, predicted specifically for a compact tension specimen fabricated from moderate-purity (“High Impurity”) 2Cr-1Mo weld metal. . . . . . . . . . 910 Correlation between measured KIH vs model-predicted concentratio

    30、n of H, trapped along the crack path with a binding energy, EB, of 38 kJ/mol and in the crack tip hydrostatic stress field, at a reference distance of GFPZ = 9 m ahead of the tip for moderate-purity 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal subjected to laboratory step cooling to promote a typical level of

    31、temper embrittlement . . . . . . . . . . . 14vContentsPage11 Correlation between measured KIH vs model-predicted concentration of H, trapped along the crack path with a binding energy, EB, of 59 kJ/mol and in the crack tip hydrostatic stress field, at a reference distance of GFPZ = 9 m ahead of the

    32、tip for moderate-purity 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal subjected to laboratory step cooling to promote a typical level of temper embrittlement . . . . . . 1512 Literature data for the effective diffusivity of H in the presence of trapping effects, DEff, for 2Cr-1Mo weld metal (WM SMAW and WM SAW)

    33、 and base plate (MB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1913 Amplification of the Figure 10 correlation between measured KIH and model-predicted concentration of H, CTV (EB = 38 kJ/mol) at a reference distance of GFPZ = 9 m ahead of the tip for two similar heats of moderate-purity

    34、 2Cr-1Mo weld metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2514 Schematic diagram of the H concentration profile likely to be present in a stainless steel clad Cr-Mo steel reactor wall, after programmed outgassing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2615 Figure 10 correlation between measured KIH vs model-predicted concentration of H, trapped along the crack path with a binding energy, EB, of 38 kJ/mol and in the crack tip hydrostatic stress field, at an FPZ reference distance of 9 m ahead of the tip

    36、 for moderate-purity 2Cr-1Mo steel. . . . . . . . . . 2816 Model-predicted critical temperature for a cracked compact tension specimen of Cr-Mo steel, fabricated from either weld metal or base plate of moderate purity and H2 precharged to produce a homogeneously distributed total H concentration ava

    37、ilable for diffusion to the crack tip during loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2917 Standard Phase I compact tension specimen (1T-CT, 25 mm thick) and the novel 90-mm-thick compact tension speci

    38、men employed by Japan Steel Works researchers for Phase II IHAC laboratory testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3218 Measured values of KIH as a function of test temperature for 90-mm-thi

    39、ck compact tension specimens of 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal subjected to slow-rising displacement rate at the indicated levels of dK/dt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3319 The effect of test temperature on the ex

    40、tent of subcritical IHAC produced by slow-rising CMOD of 90-mm-thick compact tension specimens of H2-precharged 2Cr-1Mo Phase II weld metal (, dK/dt = 0.014 MPa m/s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3420 Correlation between mea

    41、sured KIH vs the 2-D finite element model-predicted concentration of H, trapped along the crack path with a binding energy, EB, of 38 kJ/mol and in the crack tiphydrostatic stress field, at a reference distance of 9 m ahead of the tip for moderate-purity 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal . . . . . .

    42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3821 Correlation between measured KIH vs the 2-D finite element model-predicted concentration of H, trapped along the crack path with a binding energy, EB, of 38 kJ/mol and in the crack tiphydrostatic

    43、stress field, at a reference distance of 9 m ahead of the tip for moderate-purity 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3922 Replot of the data presented in Figure 18, intended to show that KIC

    44、is very high for H-free 2Cr-1Mo steel, even when temper embrittled, provided that temperatures are greater than upper shelf values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4023 Phase I steels examined showin

    45、g the three broad categories of degree of temper embrittlement represented by Charpy impact FATT range for both weld metal and base plate of 2Cr-1Mo steel . 4124 High-purity 2Cr-1Mo steels examined in JIP Phase I research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43viContentsPag

    46、e25 Experimentally measured dependence of KIH on total dissolved H concentration from high-temperature precharging in high-pressure H2 for high-purity and laboratory step-cooled 2Cr-1Mo weld metal and base plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    47、. 4426 Experimentally measured dependence of KIH on total dissolved H concentration from high-temperature precharging in high-pressure H2 for high-purity and laboratory step-cooled 2Cr-1Mo weld metal and base plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    48、 . . . . . . . . . . . 4527 Correlation between measured KIH vs the concentration of H, trapped along the crack path with a binding energy, EB, of 38 kJ/mol and in the crack tip hydrostatic stress field (VH = 2.5VYS and VHVH = 2.5 kJ/mol), at a reference distance of 9 m ahead of the tip for modern h

    49、igher-purity 2Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal data presented in Figure 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4728 Correlation between measured KIH vs the concentration of H, trapped along the crack path with a binding energy, EB, of 38 kJ/mol and in the crack tip hydrostatic stress field (VH = 2.5VYS and VHVH = 2.5 kJ/mol), at a reference distance of 9 m ahead of the tip for the low-FATT 2 Cr-1Mo base plate and weld metal data presented in Fi


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