1、Torque-Position Assembly Guidelines for API Casing and Tubing ConnectionsAPI TECHNICAL REPORT 5TPFIRST EDITION, DECEMBER 2013Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should
2、be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any liability or respo
3、nsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications
4、may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liabi
5、lity or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publicati
6、ons are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equi
7、pment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights re
8、served. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW
9、, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2013 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should an
10、ythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . .
11、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12、 . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.1 Torque-Position Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.2 API Connection Sealing Mechanism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.3 Thread Compound. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.4 Coupling Coating or Plating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 Thread Features, Measurements, and Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.6 Torque Control and Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 Torque-Position Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 Positio
18、n Control-Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.4 Thread Compound Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . 75.5 Make-up Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.6 Mill-end Axial Position Stripe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Annex A (informative) Implementation Aids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Annex B (normative) Torque-Position Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Figures1 Torque-Position Assembly Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Connection Assembly Acceptance Criteria for Torque-Position. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Example Reference Sheet for Torque-Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Dimensional Example for Torque-Position Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 An Example of Axial Position Stripe Applied Across Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、. . . . 10Tables1 Converted 5B Tolerances for Average Crest Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Suggested Target Range for Average Crest Diameter for Torque-Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Tolerances on Thread
25、Ovality for Torque-Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Suggested Template Slot Width. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9B.1 Torque-Position Tubing
26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17B.2 Torque-Position Casing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18B.3 T
27、orque-Position Buttress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23B.4 Torque-Position Buttress 4T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、. . . . . . 26v1 Torque-Position Assembly Guidelines for API Casing and Tubing Connections 1 Scope This document provides alternative connection assembly procedures to those found in API 5B (power turns) and those found in API 5C1 (optimum torque). The procedures set forth are referred to as “torque
29、-position” because the make-up torque and final position are used as acceptance criteria for the assembly operation. The connections are threaded in accordance with API 5B. The torque-position assembly parameters have been developed for most SC (short round thread casing), LC (long round thread casi
30、ng), BC (buttress thread casing), and EU (external upset tubing) connections. Torque-position is a precision assembly method that relies on a controlled process for successful implementation. When defined threading and assembly procedures are followed, the performance of the resulting assembled conn
31、ection is optimized. 2 Normative References This document contains no normative references. For a list of documents and articles associated with API TR 5TP and torque-position assembly guidelines, please see the Bibliography. 3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following d
32、efinitions apply. 3.1 addendum The distance from the crest cone to the pitch cone. 3.2 connection A connection is defined as a single pin assembled into one side of a coupling. 3.3 crest diameter A measurement of the diameter of the crests of the pin or coupling threads at a specified axial position
33、 measured from the pin nose or coupling face. 3.4 field-end make-up The side or end of the coupling that is assembled at the rig floor as the pipe is being run into the well. 3.5 mill-end make-up The side of the coupling that is assembled (bucked on) before the pipe is shipped to the field location.
34、 This connection assembly operation is typically performed at the facility where the pin end is threaded (mill or thread processor). See Figure 1. 3.6 position band A stenciled color mark applied at a specific axial distance from the nose of the pin that serves as an external reference point for the
35、 position of the pin within the coupling during assembly (see Figure 3). In addition, the position of the coupling face can be compared visually to judge for acceptance or rejection of the final assembly (see Figure 2). 2 API TECHNICAL REPORT 5TP 3.7 torque-position An assembly technology for select
36、ed API connections that features criteria for acceptance of the assembly based on engagement of the pin within the coupling (position) and final torque. 3.8 4T A variation of torque-position intended for BC connections on 8 5/8-in. through 20-in. OD casing that requires tin-plated couplings and a th
37、read compound that has polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles. The term “4T” represents torque, triangle, tin, and PTFE. 4 Background 4.1 Torque-Position Application Torque-position is a precision assembly method for assembling API connections. The connection is made up within a prescribed torque
38、range using hydraulic power tongs, such that the face of the coupling progresses into a position band stenciled on the OD of the pipe. Connections that do not meet both the torque and position criteria are rejected. The use of torque-position connection assembly procedures and the application of thi
39、s document shall be by agreement between the user/purchaser and the manufacturer. These guidelines shall be used at the designated mill, processors facility, and rig site in order to ensure appropriate assembly of the connections (see Figure 1 and Figure 2). 4.2 API Connection Sealing Mechanism API
40、connections rely on contact pressure on the thread flanks to form an effective seal and a particulate thread compound to plug the root-to-crest gap on 8-round connections (SC, LC, EU) and thread flank gaps on buttress connections. In an interference connection, the threads on both the pin and coupli
41、ng are cut at a matching angle or taper. As the connection is made up, the pin becomes wedged into the coupling creating contact pressure. This contact or bearing pressure is the sealing mechanism for this connection. To form a leak-resistant seal, the bearing pressures on the thread flanks must be
42、greater than the internal pressure. In addition to thread flank bearing pressures, it is also necessary to use a thread compound and a suitable coating or plating on the coupling threads to form a leak-resistant seal. This combination of thread compound and coating or plating prevents the migration
43、of gas or fluid through the root-to-crest and thread flank clearances. Sealing performance of some sizes and connections is enhanced by using modified seal-ring couplings conforming to API 5CT, SR13. Seal rings are recommended for these connections because of the high make-up torques that would be r
44、equired without them. In a seal-ring coupling, a groove is cut in the coupling and a nonmetallic ring is installed in the groove prior to any thread compound application and connection assembly. TECHNICAL REPORT ON TORQUE-POSITION ASSEMBLY GUIDELINES FOR API CASING AND TUBING CONNECTIONS 3 Figure 1T
45、orque-Position Assembly Schematic 4.3 Thread Compound Thread compound serves three basic functions: 1) seals the thread clearances in the thread profile, 2) lubricates the threads during make-up, and 3) resists galling that results from metal-to-metal contact. Most thread compounds consist of partic
46、les suspended in carrier grease. The types and ratios of the particles generally determine the performance of a thread compound. Torque-position technology was developed using API 5A3 Reference compound (formerly called API Modified) for 8-round and non-4T buttress connections and a PTFE-based threa
47、d compound for BC 4T make-up. 4.4 Coupling Coating or Plating API couplings intended for assembly with torque-position parameters should have a phosphate coating or tin plating on the threads to prevent galling during assembly and to assist in providing seal integrity. The type of coating or plating
48、 used will affect the assembly torque. Torque values for tin-plated couplings are much lower than for phosphate coated couplings; therefore, a separate torque range is given in the tables. The torques 4 API TECHNICAL REPORT 5TP tabulated for seal-ring couplings assume phosphate-coated threads and th
49、e BC 4T assembly requires tin-plated coupling threads. Phosphate coatings are typically applied to a coupling to a thickness of less than 0.001 in. With tin-plated couplings, both the thickness and uniformity of the tin should be carefully checked. Lack of uniformity can cause erratic make-up, galling, and potential leak paths. Tin plating should be applied to a thickness between 0.0025 in. and 0.0045 in. 4.5 Thread Features, Measurements, and Inspection Maintaining all thread parameters set forth by API 5B will ensure downhole performance and smooth assembly operations. Significant var
