1、Standard Method of Test for Thermoplastic Traffic Line Material AASHTO Designation: T 250-05 (2014) American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 North Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-4c T 250-1 AASHTO Standard Method of Test for Thermoplastic Traffi
2、c Line Material AASHTO Designation: T 250-05 (2014) 1. SCOPE 1.1. The procedures used for testing thermoplastic traffic line material are described in this method. This includes the method for obtaining a representative test sample, preparation of the test specimens, and performing the specified tes
3、ts. The material is a mixture of resins, fillers, pigments, and reflective spheres. These materials are combined by heating to obtain a product with the desired properties suitable for traffic line striping. 1.2. This test method is divided into the following parts: 1.2.1. Section 3, Sampling of The
4、rmoplastic Material; 1.2.2. Section 4, Sample Meltdown and Preparation; 1.2.3. Section 5, Binder Content; 1.2.4. Section 6, Glass Bead Content; 1.2.5. Section 7, Glass Bead Grading Analysis; 1.2.6. Section 8, Reflectance, Color, and Yellowness Index; 1.2.7. Section 9, Titanium Dioxide Determination;
5、 1.2.8. Section 10, Lead Chromate Determination; 1.2.9. Section 11, Flowability (Percent Residue); 1.2.10. Section 12, Low Temperature Stress Resistance; 1.2.11. Section 13, Bond Strength; 1.2.12. Section 14, Impact Resistance; 1.2.13. Section 15, Ring-and-Ball Softening Point; 1.2.14. Section 16, S
6、pecific Gravity; 1.2.15. Section 17, Flowability (Percent Residue) Extended Heating; 1.2.16. Section 18, Ultraviolet Light and Condensate Exposure; 1.2.17. Section 19, Hardness; and 1.2.18. Section 20, Flash Point. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All ri
7、ghts reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c T 250-2 AASHTO 1.3. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Note 1Warning: Due to the elevated temperatures used in these tests and the nature of the material, extreme care should be used when working with th
8、e thermoplastic materials. Use heat-resistant gloves and safety glasses or face shield when handling in the fluid state. Severe burns can result from spilled thermoplastics or mishandled equipment. Should melted thermoplastic come in contact with the skin, do not attempt to wipe off. Immediately hol
9、d or submerge the affected area under cold water. Inform someone in the immediate vicinity that an accident has occurred. Seek proper medical attention. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO Standards: M 92, Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes M 231, Weighing Devices Used in the Testing of Material
10、s M 247, Glass Beads Used in Pavement Markings M 249, White and Yellow Reflective Thermoplastic Striping Material (Solid Form) T 248, Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size 2.2. ASTM Standards: D36/D36M, Standard Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus) D92, Standa
11、rd Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester D256, Standard Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics D792, Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement D2240, Standard Test Method fo
12、r Rubber PropertyDurometer Hardness D4764, Standard Test Method for Determination by X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Titanium Dioxide Content in Paint D4796, Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Thermoplastic Traffic Marking Materials D4797, Standard Test Methods for Gravimetric Analysis of
13、White and Yellow Thermoplastic Traffic Marking D4960, Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Color for Thermoplastic Traffic Marking Materials E313, Standard Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates E1349, Standard Test Method for Refle
14、ctance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45:0 or 0:45) Geometry G154-06, Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatus for UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials 2.3. Federal Standard: Federal Standard No. 141, Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Materials 3. SAM
15、PLING OF THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL 3.1. It is important to obtain a truly representative sample of the thermoplastic material for testing. This can be difficult due to the wide ranges of sizes, shapes, and densities of the particular raw materials that are used in the material formulation. The followin
16、g three methods provide a way to 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c T 250-3 AASHTO obtain representative samples from a production lot of thermoplastic pavement marking material for te
17、sting. 3.2. Quartering Method: 3.2.1. Apparatus and Materials: 3.2.1.1. 1.2-by-1.2-m (4-by-4-ft) section of cardboard, smooth wood, or metal; 3.2.1.2. Metal scooping pan; 3.2.1.3. Metal splitting device; 3.2.1.4. Three 22-kg (50-lb) bags of thermoplastic (randomly selected); and 3.2.1.5. Unlined 3.8
18、-L (1-gal) cans. 3.2.2. Procedure: 3.2.2.1. Randomly select three 22-kg (50-lb) bags from the lot to be sampled up to 22 000 kg (50,000 lb). 3.2.2.2. Place the selection of cardboard, wood, or metal on a level section of floor. 3.2.2.3. Empty the contents of one of the 22-kg (50-lb) bags onto the sa
19、mple area. Using the metal scoop, mix the material, breaking up any large lumps. Shape the pile of thermoplastic into as high a pile as possible, forming a symmetrical inverted cone. 3.2.2.4. Take the metal splitting device and center it over the apex of the thermoplastic. Lower the device onto the
20、material, thus splitting it into four quarter sections. 3.2.2.5. Take the material from any two opposing quarters and return it to the thermoplastic bag. The two remaining quarters are to be mixed and split in the same manner as explained above, rotating between the two quarters that are retained at
21、 the end of each step. Repeat the process for a total of four times. Retain the final two opposing quarters as a part of the composite sample and place in the unlined 3.8-L (1-gal) can. 3.2.2.6. Perform the same procedure as outlined using the two remaining bags. When the final quarters are taken fr
22、om the two bags, the sum of the three bags should fill the 3.8-L (1-gal) sample container and should weigh between 4 and 4.5 kg (9 and 10 lb). 3.2.2.7. Label the outside of the 3.8-L (1-gal) sample can with adequate identification markings including: manufacturer, product number, batch number, date
23、of manufacture, color, and specification. 3.2.2.8. The entire composite sample should be melted for the preparation of test samples as called for in Section 4, Sample Meltdown and Preparation. 3.3. Splitter Method: 3.3.1. Apparatus and Material: 3.3.1.1. 1:1 Splitter with pans; 3.3.1.2. Three 22-kg
24、(50-lb) bags of thermoplastic (randomly selected); and 3.3.1.3. Unlined 3.8-L (1-gal) can. 2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c T 250-4 AASHTO 3.3.2. Procedure: 3.3.2.1. Randomly select
25、three 22-kg (50-lb) bags of thermoplastic from the lot to be tested (up to 22 000 kg (50,000 lb). 3.3.2.2. Empty the contents of one of the bags into one of the pans and place on top of the 1:1 splitter. 3.3.2.3. Place a pan underneath each of the two discharge sections of the splitter. 3.3.2.4. Emp
26、ty the contents in the top pan such that the material passes through the splitter. 3.3.2.5. Take each half and split individually to form quarters. Return two opposing pans, or quarters, to the bag. Split the two remaining pans individually to form quarters. Repeat the above procedure by splitting t
27、he two opposing pans while returning the others to the bag. This splitting procedure is performed four times before placing the final quarters into the sample container. 3.3.2.6. Perform the same procedure on the two remaining bags of thermoplastic. When the final quarters are taken from the two bag
28、s, the sum of the three bags should fill the 3.8-L (1-gal) sample container and should weigh between 4 and 4.5 kg (9 and 10 lb). 3.3.2.7. Label the outside of the 3.8-L (1-gal) sample can with adequate identification markings including: manufacturer, product number, batch number, date of manufacture
29、, color, and specification. 3.3.2.8. The entire composite sample should be melted for the preparation of test samples as called for in Section 4, Sample Meltdown and Preparation. 3.4. Thieving Method: 3.4.1. Apparatus and Materials: 3.4.1.1. 5-cm (2-in.) ID metal pipe approximately 1 m (3 ft) long;
30、3.4.1.2. Three 22-kg (50-lb) bags of thermoplastic (randomly selected); and 3.4.1.3. Unlined 3.8-L (1-gal) cans. 3.4.2. Procedure: 3.4.2.1. Randomly select three 22-kg (50-lb) bags of thermoplastic from the lot to be sampled (up to 22 000 kg (50,000 lb). 3.4.2.2. Place the bag on a flat surface. 3.4
31、.2.3. Carefully cut the bag at the top or bottom to allow the pipe to be inserted into the bag. 3.4.2.4. Insert the sample pipe into the bag and push through the thermoplastic material through the entire length of the bag. 3.4.2.5. Carefully remove the pipe and empty the thermoplastic material that
32、is retained in the pipe into the unlined 3.8-L (1-gal) can. 3.4.2.6. Repeat the process, pushing the pipe through a different area of the 22-kg (50-lb) bag. Continue with the process until an approximate 1.5-kg (3-lb) sample has been obtained from the 22-kg (50-lb) bag. 2015 by the American Associat
33、ion of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c T 250-5 AASHTO 3.4.2.7. Repeat steps in Sections 3.4.2.2 through 3.4.2.6 with the other two 22-kg (50-lb) bags that were selected for testing. The final sample size should weigh
34、between 4 and 5.5 kg (9 and 12 lb). 3.4.2.8. Label the outside of the 3.8-L (1-gal) sample can with adequate identification markings, including: manufacturer, product number, batch number, date of manufacture, color, and specification. The entire composite sample should be melted for the preparation
35、 of test samples as called for in Section 4, Sample Meltdown and Preparation. 4. SAMPLE MELTDOWN AND PREPARATION 4.1. This procedure covers the melting of thermoplastic road striping materials using a heating mantle and an air stirrer. This procedure stimulates the actual melting process and equipme
36、nt found in the field. 4.2. Apparatus and Materials: 4.2.1. A stainless steel 4000-mL beaker, 15-cm (6-in.) diameter by 23 cm (9 in.) high, such as a Volrath No. 84000 or equivalent such as an unlined metal 3.8-L (1-gal) can. 4.2.2. Suitable heating mantle, such as a Glas-Col heating mantle, Model T
37、M620 or equivalent. 4.2.3. Temperature indicator-controller, such as an Omega Engineering Model 400JF or equivalent. 4.2.4. Thermocouple, such as an Omega Engineering No. TJ36-ICSS-116G-12 with 1.6-mm (1/16-in.) 304SS sheath, or equivalent. 4.2.5. Air powered variable speed mixer, such as a Lightnin
38、g Model 30 with two Lightning A310 stainless steel impellers or similar equipment. 4.2.6. Aluminum lid to cover the top of the stainless steel 4000-mL beaker with slot to clear the air motor agitator shaft and thermocouple. 4.2.7. Stainless steel ladle with pouring spout, 60-mL (2-oz) capacity. 4.2.
39、8. Tachometer to measure shaft speed of mixer. 4.2.9. Copper or stainless steel tubing approximately 3 mm (1/8in.) and 25 cm (10 in.) long. 4.2.10. Porcelain dish, 150 mL. 4.2.11. Crucibles, 30 mL. 4.2.12. Glass beaker, 2 L. 4.3. Procedure: 4.3.1. Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 1. Wire the
40、heating mantle power cord to the temperature indicator controller according to manufacturers instructions. Mount the controller-indicators in a panel that can be wall mounted to keep the unit away from heat, dirt, and vibrations. When the unit is ready for operation, make a test melt in order to set
41、 the proportional band and other adjustments to give a controlled temperature of 218 1C (425 2F). 4.3.2. Change about one-half the granular sample into the appropriate container and place in the heating mantle and attach the stirring shaft. Turn on the power to the mantle and controller. As the 2015
42、 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c T 250-6 AASHTO thermoplastic melts down, add the remainder of the sample. Start the variable-speed air agitator when plastic has softened sufficiently to
43、 mix. Continue to mix and heat until the temperature reaches 218C (425F) and the sample is homogeneous, and maintain temperature at 218 1C (245 2F). 4.3.3. Remove the thermoplastic sample using a 60-mL (2-oz) ladle and prepare samples or run tests as required. Figure 1Thermoplastic Melter Apparatus
44、2015 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4c T 250-7 AASHTO 5. BINDER CONTENT 5.1. Using a 60-mL (2-oz) ladle, remove a portion of the molten thermoplastic from the sample during the first hour
45、of the heating period (after the entire sample becomes molten). Run the binder content as specified in ASTM D4797 with the exception of using a 50-g sample of thermoplastic marking material and a 150-mL (5-oz) porcelain dish in lieu of a 30-mL crucible. 6. GLASS BEAD CONTENT 6.1. Using the same samp
46、le obtained for the determination of binder content, determine the intermix bead content as specified in ASTM D4797 utilizing a 2-L beaker in lieu of the 400-mL beaker and increasing the quantities of the HCl solution and water used in the rinses by a factor of five (5). 7. GLASS BEAD GRADING ANALYS
47、IS 7.1. Grade the beads according to M 247 using the appropriate sieves. Determine the mass of fractions to the nearest 0.01g. 7.2. Perform a visual inspection of the material larger than 100 mesh to determine that the sample is composed of glass beads only. Any material other than glass beads that
48、are insoluble in the acid wash will appear irregular and opaque. Presence of this type of material in sizes larger than 100 mesh constitutes a failure to comply with the specification or inadequate HCl digestion. Note 2All other bead analysis testing should be performed according to M 247. 8. REFLEC
49、TANCE, COLOR, AND YELLOWNESS INDEX 8.1. Using a 60-mL (2-oz) ladle, remove a portion of the molten thermoplastic from the sample after the material has completed the 4-h heating period. Cast an approximate 8-cm (3-in.) diameter disk on a tin plate, can lid, or on some other nonstick surface. After the material has reached room temperature, remove and test according to the requirements of ASTM D4960. Make color measurement according to ASTM E1349 using 2-degree observer and Illuminant D 65. Calculate the Yellowness Index
