1、Standard Specification for Steel Wire and Welded Wire, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement AASHTO Designation: M 336M/M 336-181Technical Section: 4f, Metals Release: Group 2 (June) ASTM Designation: A1064/A1064M-15 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials 444 Nor
2、th Capitol Street N.W., Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 TS-4f M 336M/M 336-1 AASHTO Standard Specification for Steel Wire and Welded Wire, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement AASHTO Designation: M 336M/M 336-181Technical Section: 4f, Metals Release: Group 2 (June) ASTM Designation: A1064
3、/A1064M-15 1. SCOPE 1.1. This specication covers carbon-steel wire and welded wire reinforcement produced from hot-rolled rod to be used for the reinforcement of concrete. The steel wire is cold-worked, drawn or rolled, plain (non-deformed, as-drawn, or galvanized), or deformed. Welded wire reinforc
4、ement is made from plain or deformed wire, or a combination of plain and deformed wire. Common wire sizes are given in Tables 9, 10, 11, and 12; actual wire sizes are not restricted to those shown in the tables. Note 1Welded wire for concrete reinforcement has been described by various terms: welded
5、 wire fabric (WWF), fabric, and mesh. The wire reinforcement industry prefers the term “welded wire reinforcement” (WWR) as being more representative of the range of products being manufactured. Therefore, the term “welded wire fabric” has been replaced with the term “welded wire reinforcement” in t
6、his specification and in related specifications. 1.2. This specification is applicable for orders in either SI units (MP 30M) or in inch-pound units (MP 30). The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the inch-pound units are s
7、hown in brackets (except in Table 9 and Table 11). SI units and inch-pound units are not necessarily equivalent; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1. AASHTO
8、Standard: T 244, Mechanical Testing of Steel Products 2.2. ASTM Standards: A641/A641M, Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Carbon Steel Wire E83, Standard Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems 2.3. Military Standard: MIL-STD-129, Marking for Shipment an
9、d Storage 2.4. Federal Standard: Fed. Std. No. 123, Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies) 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 336M/M 336-2 AASHTO 3. TERMINOLOGY 3.1. Description of
10、Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1. convoluted wirewhen wire for welded wire reinforcement is shaped into a sinusoidal wave shape, it is commonly referred to as “convoluted wire.” The wire is used in the manufacture of cages for certain applications of concrete pipe reinforcing. Only plain wire
11、is normally subject to convolution. 3.1.2. deformed steel wire for reinforcementas used within the scope and intent of this specification, shall mean any cold-worked or rolled, deformed steel wire intended for use as reinforcement in concrete construction, the wire surface having deformations that (
12、1) inhibit longitudinal movement of the wire in such construction and (2) conform to the provisions of Section 5. It shall be permissible for the deformations to be raised or indented. 3.1.3. plain steel wire for reinforcementas used within the scope and intent of this specification, shall mean any
13、cold-drawn or rolled, steel wire intended for use as reinforcement in concrete construction, the wire being smooth without deformations. 3.1.4. size numberas used in this specification, refers to the numerical designation of the wire as tabulated in Tables 9, 10, 11, and 12. 3.1.5. welded wire reinf
14、orcementas used within the scope and intent of this specification, welded wire reinforcement designates a material composed of cold-worked steel wire, fabricated into sheets or rolls by the process of electric-resistance welding. The finished material shall consist essentially of a series of longitu
15、dinal and transverse wires arranged substantially at right angles to each other and welded together at points of intersection. 4. ORDERING INFORMATION 4.1. It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for the manufacture and delivery of the wire unde
16、r this specification. Such requirements to be considered include, but are not limited to, the following: 4.1.1. Quantity (mass) weight or square area for welded wire reinforcement; 4.1.2. Name of material (cold-drawn or rolled steel wire or welded wire reinforcement, plain or deformed, for concrete
17、reinforcement); 4.1.3. Wire size number (see Tables 9, 10, 11, and 12). When wire is ordered in sizes other than the common sizes shown, the nominal dimensions shall be developed from the applicable unit mass per meter of the section; 4.1.4. Wire spacing, and sheet or roll width and length for welde
18、d wire reinforcement; 4.1.5. Minimum yield strength or grade; 4.1.6. Yield strength measurement (see Sections 6.1.1, 6.2.1, and 11.3); 4.1.7. Exclusion of oversteeling, if required (see Section 6.4.5.4.2); 4.1.8. Packaging (see Section 14); 4.1.9. Request for outside inspection (if not requested, Se
19、ction 13.1 applies); 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 336M/M 336-3 AASHTO 4.1.10. AASHTO designation and year of issue; and 4.1.11. Special requirements, if any. 5. MATERIALS AND
20、MANUFACTURE 5.1. The steel shall be made by commercially accepted processes (typically electric arc furnace or basic oxygen). 5.2. The wire shall be cold drawn or rolled from rods that have been hot rolled from billets. 5.3. Unless otherwise specified, the wire shall be supplied uncoated. When speci
21、fied as galvanized, it shall be galvanized at finish size as described in ASTM A641. 5.4. The wire used in the manufacture of welded wire reinforcement shall conform to this specification either solely or in combination of plain or deformed wire, or both. 5.5. For welded wire reinforcement, the wire
22、s shall be assembled by automatic machines or by other suitable mechanical means that will assure accurate spacing and alignment of all wires of the finished welded wire reinforcement. Longitudinal and transverse wires shall be securely connected at every intersection by a process of electrical-resi
23、stance welding, which employs the principle of fusion combined with pressure. 5.6. Welded wire reinforcement shall be furnished either in flat sheets or in rolls, as specified by the purchaser. 5.7. Wire of proper grade and quality when fabricated in the manner herein required in this specification
24、shall result in a strong, serviceable, mat-type product having substantially square or rectangular openings. It shall be fabricated and finished in a workmanlike manner, shall be free of injurious defects, and shall conform to this specification. Note 2A variation of manufacturing includes the appli
25、cation of one or more longitudinal convoluted wires at one edge of welded wire reinforcement for concrete pipe reinforcing cages. This shape allows the cage ends to be expanded to a larger diameter to accommodate the bell-shaped ends of concrete pipe. 6. MECHANICAL PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS 6.1. General
26、 Requirements for Plain Wire: 6.1.1. Tension Tests: 6.1.1.1. When tested as described in T 244, the material, except as specified in Section 6.1.1.3, shall conform to the tensile property requirements in Table 1, based on nominal area of wire. Table 1Plain Wire Tension Test Requirements Grade 485 70
27、 Grade 500 72.5 Grade 515 75 Grade 533 77.5 Grade 550 80 Tensile strength, min MPa ksi 550 80 568 82.5 585 85 603 87.5 620 90 Yield strength, min MPa ksi 485 70 500 72.5 515 75 533 77.5 550 80 Reduction of area, min % 30a30a30a30a30aaFor material testing over 690 MPa 100 ksi tensile strength, the re
28、duction of area shall be a minimum of 25 percent. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 336M/M 336-4 AASHTO 6.1.1.2. For material to be used in the fabrication of welded wire reinforce
29、ment, the tensile and yield strength properties shall conform to the requirements given in Table 2, based on nominal area of the wire. Table 2Plain Wire Tension Test Requirements Material for Welded Wire Reinforcement Size MW 7.7 W1.2 and Larger Grade 450 65 Grade 485 70 Grade 500 72.5 Grade 515 75
30、Grade 533 77.5 Grade 550 80 Tensile strength, min MPa ksi 515 75 550 80 568 82.5 585 85 603 87.5 620 90 Yield strength, min MPa ksi 450 65 485 70 500 72.5 515 75 533 77.5 550 80 Reduction of area, min % 30a30a30a30a30a30aSmaller than Size MW 7.7 W1.2 Grade 385 56 Tensile strength, min MPa ksi 485 70
31、 Yield strength, min MPa ksi 385 56 Reduction of area, min % 30aaFor material testing over 690 MPa 100 ksi tensile strength, the reduction of area shall be a minimum of 25 percent. 6.1.1.3. When required by the purchaser, yield strength shall be determined using a Class B-1 extensometer described in
32、 ASTM E83. The yield strength shall be determined as described in T 244 at an extension under load of 0.5 percent of gauge length or by the offset method (0.2 %). It shall be permissible to remove the extensometer after the yield strength has been determined. The wire shall meet the requirements of
33、Table 1 or Table 2, whichever is applicable. 6.1.1.4. The material shall not be required to exhibit a definite yield point as evidenced by a distinct drop of the beam or halt in the gauge of the testing machine prior to reaching ultimate tensile load. The purchaser shall have the option to accept th
34、is feature as sufficient evidence of compliance with the specied minimum yield strength tests covered in this specication. 6.1.2. Bend TestsThe bend-test specimen shall withstand being bent at room temperature through 180 degrees without cracking on the outside of the bent portion, as prescribed in
35、Table 3. Table 3Plain Wire Bend-Test Requirements Size Number of Wire Pin Diameter for Bend Test MW45 W7 and smaller Equal to the nominal diameter of the wire specimen Larger than MW45 W7 Equal to twice the nominal diameter of the wire specimen 6.1.3. Reduction of Area TestThe reduction of area shal
36、l be determined as described in T 244, and the wire shall conform to the reduction of area requirements in Table 1 or Table 2, whichever is applicable. 6.1.4. Permissible Variation in Wire Diameter: 6.1.4.1. The permissible variation in the diameter of the wire shall conform to the requirements in T
37、able 4. 6.1.4.2. The difference between the maximum and minimum diameters, as measured on any given cross section of the wire, shall not exceed the tolerances listed in Table 4 for the given wire size. 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserve
38、d. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 336M/M 336-5 AASHTO Table 4Permissible Variation in Wire Diameter Size Number Nominal Diameter, mm in.aPermissible Difference (Max-Min)/Out-of-Round, mm in. Smaller than MW32 W5 smaller than 6.40 0.252 0.08 0.003 MW32 W5 to MW77 W12, incl 6.40
39、0.252 to 9.93 0.391, incl 0.10 0.004 Larger than MW77 W12 to MW129 W20, incl larger than 9.93 0.391 to 12.83 0.505, incl 0.15 0.006 Larger than MW129 W20 larger than 12.83 0.505 0.20 0.008 aRef. Tables 9, 10, 11 and 12 for nominal diameter values. 6.2. General Requirements for Deformed Wire: 6.2.1.
40、Tension Tests: 6.2.1.1. When tested as described in T 244, the material, except as specified in Section 6.2.1.4, shall conform to the tensile property requirements in Table 5 based on the nominal area of wire. Table 5Deformed Wire Tension Test Requirements Grade 515 75 Grade 533 77.5 Grade 550 80 Te
41、nsile strength, min MPa ksi 585 85 603 87.5 620 90 Yield strength, min MPa ksi 515 75 533 77.5 550 80 6.2.1.2. For material to be used in the fabrication of welded wire reinforcement, the tensile and yield strength properties shall conform to the requirements given in Table 6, based on the nominal a
42、rea of the wire. Table 6Deformed Wire Tension Test Requirements Material for Welded Wire Reinforcement Grade 485 70 Grade 500 72.5 Grade 515 75 Grade 533 77.5 Grade 550 80 Tensile strength, min MPa ksi 550 80 568 82.5 585 85 603 87.5 620 90 Yield strength, min MPa ksi 485 70 500 72.5 515 75 533 77.5
43、 550 80 6.2.1.3. When required by the purchaser, yield strength shall be determined using a Class B-1 extensometer as described in ASTM E83. The yield strength shall be determined as described in T 244 and an extension of 0.5 percent of gauge length or by the offset method (0.2 percent). It shall be
44、 permissible to remove the extensometer after the yield strength has been determined. The wire shall meet requirements of Table 5 or 6, whichever is applicable. 6.2.1.4. The material shall not be required to exhibit a definite yield point as evidenced by a distinct drop of the beam or halt in the ga
45、uge of the testing machine prior to reaching ultimate tensile load. The purchaser shall have the option to accept this feature as sufficient evidence of compliance with the specied minimum yield strength tests covered in this specication. 6.2.2. Bend TestThe bend-test specimen shall withstand being
46、bent at room temperature through 90 degrees without cracking on the outside of the bent portion, as prescribed in Table 7. Table 7Deformed Wire Bend Test Requirements Size Number of Wire Pin Diameter for Bend Test MD39 D6 and smaller Equal to twice the nominal diameter of the wire specimen Larger th
47、an MD39 D6 Equal to four times the nominal diameter of the wire specimen 2018 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All rights reserved. Duplication is a violation of applicable law.TS-4f M 336M/M 336-6 AASHTO 6.2.3. Deformations: 6.2.3.1. Deformations shall be s
48、paced along the wire at a substantially uniform distance and shall be symmetrically dispersed around the perimeter of the section. The deformations on all longitudinal lines of the wire shall be similar in size and shape. A minimum of 25 percent of the total surface area shall be deformed by measura
49、ble deformations. 6.2.3.2. Deformed wire shall have two or more lines of deformations. 6.2.3.3. The average longitudinal spacing of deformations shall be not less than 3.5 nor more than 5.5 deformations per 25.4 mm 1 in. in each line of deformations on the wire. 6.2.3.4. The minimum average height at the center of typical deformations based on the nominal
