1、AAMA/WDMA/CSA101/I.S.2/A440-11NAFS 2011 North American FenestrationStandard/Specification for windows,doors, and skylights Legal NoticeDisclaimer and exclusion of liabilityThis document is provided without any representations, warranties, or conditions of any kind, express or implied, including, wit
2、hout limitation, implied warranties or conditions concerning this documents fitness for a particular purpose or use, its merchantability, or its non-infringement of any third partys intellectual property rights. The American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA), the Window (b) addition of
3、requirements on lead content for hardware;(c) reorganized mullion provisions, with new ratings and designations;(d) addition of parallel opening windows;(e) expansion of tubular daylighting device (TDD) products to include closed ceiling and open ceiling options; (f) updated tables; and(g) addition
4、of criteria for secondary storm products (SSPs) throughout this Standard/Specification.This Standard/Specification was developed as an advisory document and is published as a public service. AAMA, CSA, WDMA, the individual members of the CSA Technical Committee on Performance Standard for Windows, a
5、nd the U.S.A./Canada Joint Document Management Group (JDMG) disclaim all liability for the use, application, or adaptation of the material published in this Standard/Specification.Intended users of this Standard/Specification include code officials, manufacturers, architects, engineers, consumers, b
6、uilders, contractors, trade associations, test labs, specifiers, and government agencies. Two fundamental applications for this Standard/Specification are product comparison and code compliance. AAMA, CSA, and WDMA intend for this Standard/Specification to be referenced in U.S. International Buildin
7、g Codes and in the National Building Code of Canada. This Standard/Specification presents provisions addressing fenestration product requirements, under the control of the unit manufacturer, contained in those codes.CSA A440S1-09, Canadian Supplement to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440, NAFS North Ameri
8、can Standard/Specification for windows, doors, and skylights, provides additional requirements to AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S.2/A440 for compliance in Canada. The Canadian Supplement is considered suitable for use for conformity assessment within the stated scope of the Standard. The Canadian Supplement w
9、as prepared by the CSA Technical Committee on the Performance Standard for Windows, under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Building Products and Systems, and has been formally approved by the Technical Committee.This Standard/Specification was jointly prepared by the CSA Techn
10、ical Committee on Performance Standard for Windows, under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Building Products and Systems, and by the U.S.A./Canada Joint Document Management Group (JDMG). This body includes representatives from AAMA, CSA, WDMA, and other interested parties. Thi
11、s Standard/Specification has been formally approved by the members of the American Architectural Manufacturers Association, by the CSA Technical Committee, and by the members of the Window (b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and(c) be phrased where pos
12、sible to permit a specific “yes” or “no” answer.Committee interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governing standardization and are published in CSAs periodical Info Update, which is available on the CSA Web site at standardsactivities.csa.ca, and by the Am
13、erican Architectural Manufacturers Association and the Window this format is indicative of the document authors continued commitment to improvement in the testing and rating of windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights.0.1.2 SustainabilityWhile this Standard/Specification does not
14、 endorse any specific program, the attributes and performance requirements of this Standard/Specification are key to sustainable design of buildings and their sub-systems. As building codes and rating systems evolve, the durability, air and water leakage resistance, and material provisions in this S
15、tandard/Specification will provide a solid, proven basis of fenestration product evaluation.0.1.3 ContentThis Standard/Specification establishes levels of performance for windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights, regardless of the material used in the frame or sash members. It co
16、nsists of 12 Clauses and an Annex.Clause 1 outlines the Scope of this Standard/Specification.Clause 2 provides a listing of all other Standards referenced in this Standard/Specification.Clause 3 contains a list of definitions used in this Standard/Specification.Clause 4 provides an explanation of th
17、e rating system used in this Standard/Specification and guidelines on this Standard/Specifications use. Important concepts such as gateway, Performance Grade (PG), Performance Class, design pressure (DP), maximum test size, optional Performance Grade (PG), dual windows and doors, and mullions are ou
18、tlined in this Clause.Clauses 5 to 8 provide requirements and test protocols specific to certain overall product families (windows, side-hinged doors, skylights, etc.) and Performance Classes in the U.S. and Canada. These are called “Product Sections” since, for convenience of use and updating, they
19、 are based on product characteristics. Products should meet both the general requirements of this Standard/Specification and these specific requirements. American Architectural Manufacturers Association Window (b) water penetration resistance;(c) air leakage;(d) operating force (where appropriate);
20、and(e) forced-entry resistance (where appropriate).Clause 9 also includes optional test methods to evaluate acoustical performance, impact performance, condensation resistance, and thermal transmittance.Clause 10 presents the material requirements applicable to all windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof w
21、indows, and unit skylights. These include requirements for glazing, sash, panel, leaf, and frame materials.Clause 11 presents the component requirements applicable to all windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights. These include requirements for hardware, fasteners, weatherstrippin
22、g, insect screens, reinforcing members, sealants, coatings and finishes, adhesives, integral ventilating systems/devices, between-glass shades, setting blocks, attachments, and preservatives.Clause 12 presents the specific product performance requirements appropriate to each type of window, door, SS
23、P, TDD, roof window, and unit skylight. These include requirements for test specimens, such as product tolerance and qualifying the test specimen for variations of design and assembly.Table 12.2 contains a summary of all performance requirements included in this Standard/Specification. These require
24、ments are presented in tabular format for easy use by the specifier and include references to the applicable Clauses of this Standard/Specification, organized by product type.Annex A provides contact information for the standards development organizations listed in Clause 2.0.2 Performance Classes a
25、nd Grades0.2.1 GeneralThis Standard/Specification defines requirements for four Performance Classes. The Performance Classes are designated R, LC, CW, and AW for windows, doors, and secondary storm products (SSPs). Skylights, roof windows, and TDDs are not identified with a Performance Class, but ar
26、e treated in a way similar to specialty products. This classification system provides for several levels of performance. It is important to note that although general suggestions for use are specified in Items (a) to (d), product selection is always based on the performance requirements of the parti
27、cular project and not solely on these suggestions. The Performance Class ratings should be regarded as an indication of the level of performance, with the least stringent requirements established for the R Performance Class and the most stringent for the AW Performance Class. The following descripti
28、ons can be used as a general guide in helping to determine which class is likely best suited for a particular application:(a) R: commonly used in one- and two-family dwellings.(b) LC: commonly used in low-rise and mid-rise multi-family dwellings and other buildings where larger sizes and higher load
29、ing requirements are expected.(c) CW: commonly used in low-rise and mid-rise buildings where larger sizes, higher loading requirements, limits on deflection, and heavy use are expected.(d) AW: commonly used in high-rise and mid-rise buildings to meet increased loading requirements and limits on defl
30、ection, and in buildings where frequent and extreme use of the fenestration products is expected.Minimum Performance Grades (PG), design pressures (DP), structural test pressures (STP), and water penetration resistance test pressures for all Performance Classes are specified in Table 12.2.Table 0.1
31、lists those Clauses, Tables, and Figures in the 2008 edition of this Standard/Specification that have been moved to a different location in the current edition of this Standard/Specification. It does not list Clauses, Tables, and Figures that have been renumbered but not relocated. American Architec
32、tural Manufacturers Association Window (b) air leakage resistance;(c) water penetration resistance;(d) uniform load deflection test;(e) uniform load structural test; and(f) forced-entry resistance (if applicable).Table 0.1(Concluded)2008 edition 2011 edition Topics CommentsClause 5.3.6.6.5 Clause 9.
33、3.6.5.4 Hinge test (hinged rescue windows only)Moved to General Testing SectionClause 5.3.6.6.6Figure 22Clause 9.3.6.5.5Figure 9.9Awning, hopper, projected hardware load testMoved to General Testing SectionClause 5Table 18Clause 5Table 5.13Clause 7Table 7.16Deflection limits for awning, hopper, proj
34、ected hardware load testAbridged to include only those product types covered by each Product SectionClause 5.3.6.7 Clause 5.3.6 Safety drop test (non-hung vertical operating products only)Moved to applicable Product SectionClause 5.3.6.8Figure 23Clause 5.3.7Figure 5.1Unit dead load test (greenhouse
35、windows only)Moved to applicable Product SectionClause 5.3.6.10Table 19Clause 6.4.7Table 6.8Operation/cycling-slam test performance (side-hinged door systems only)Moved to applicable Product SectionClause 5.3.6.11 Clause 6.4.8 Vertical loading resistance (side-hinged door systems only)Moved to appli
36、cable Product SectionClause 7.8 Clause 4.6 Mullions Moved to General Requirements for all product typesClause 7.12.1 Clause 12.3.4.1 True divided lites (TDLs) Moved to applicable Product SectionClause 9Table 26Clause 5.3.4Table 5.8Alternative minimum test sizes (and Performance Grades PG) for Class
37、R products (optional)Applies only to Performance Class R American Architectural Manufacturers Association Window and(b) 200% of the design pressure (DP) for download on unit skylights, roof windows, and TDDs.For Canada, design pressure (DP) for vertical fenestration is to be interpreted as referring
38、 to specified wind load.0.2.4.2Current model building codes require windows, doors, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights to be designed and installed to sustain prescribed loads on components and cladding. These loads are affected by a number of factors, including(a) geographic wind speed;(b) buil
39、ding exposure;(c) building height;(d) location of the window, door, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight on the building; and(e) snow load.0.2.4.3Geographic wind speed will affect the overall value of the wind pressure that the window, door, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight will be anticipated to su
40、stain. Positive and negative wind pressures will be increased or decreased with geographic wind speed.0.2.4.4Building exposure will also affect the overall value of the wind pressure, and in addition can affect local conditions across the buildings surface by an increased or decreased presence of wi
41、nd turbulence. Turbulence is caused when the wind is forced to change direction by an object in its path. The building exposure can affect the amount of turbulence based on the number of buildings, objects, or topography immediately surrounding the building. Wind speed increases greatly as height ab
42、ove mean ground level increases, increasing the anticipated wind pressure that the building will be expected to sustain. Exposure also influences the factored snow load that the building surfaces need to resist.0.2.4.5Location of the window, door, SSP, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight on the build
43、ing has the potential of significantly affecting the anticipated wind pressure on a single window, door, SSP, TDD, roof window, or unit skylight. Wind flow patterns are affected by building shape. Wind encountering a building is redirected to flow around and over the building. Wind traveling around
44、the corners of the building separates from the building surface, causing turbulence and local negative structural pressures. Location can also influence the factored drifting or sliding snow loads that the building surfaces need to resist.0.2.4.6Wind loads on components and cladding are not the same
45、 as main wind force-resisting-system (building structure) wind loads, in that components and cladding experience localized higher pressure (peak load) in a relatively small area. Wind gusts can cause short-duration peak pressures on a small area of the buildings surface. The wind pressure calculatio
46、n for components and cladding loads accounts for these American Architectural Manufacturers Association Window the negative wind load will almost always be higher than the positive. As such, codes and building authorities that reference ASCE/SEI 7 or other means of determining positive and negative
47、loads require the product to meet both the positive and negative design constraints of the application. This Standard/Specification incorporates a system for rating windows, doors, SSPs, TDDs, roof windows, and unit skylights with an appropriate separate positive and negative design pressure (DP).No
48、tes: (1) Where snow load is significant, it is not unusual for the positive load to be much higher than the negative.(2) Positive or negative DP refers to “allowable stress design” (as opposed to “strength design”), as referenced in ASCE/SEI7.0.2.4.10A maximum deflection limit of L/175 (where L is t
49、he length of the unsupported span) under the uniform load deflection test has also been established for all AW and CW products and for all glass-glazed SKG products. Generally, improved water penetration resistance and air leakage requirements have been specified for AW products compared to those specified for CW products. AW products are also required to pass the life cycle testing in AAMA 910.0.2.5 Water penetration resistance testing and performance0.2.5.1 GeneralClause 9 specifies that, except for side-hinged door systems, the minimum water penetration resistance test
