1、n . Visual Quality Characteristics of Aluminum Sheet and Plate Fourth Edition February 2002 The Aluminum Association 900 19th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006 Copyright 02002 The Incorporated Aluminum Association ABOUT THE ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION The Aluminum Association, based in Washington, DC, wi
2、th off ices in Detroit, MI, represents U.S. and foreign-based primary producers of aluminum, as well as recyclers, and producers of semi-fabricated products. Member com- panies operate almost 200 plants in the United States and many conduct business worldwide. NOTICE Disclaimer The use of any inform
3、ation contained herein by any member or non-member of The Aluminum Association is entirely voluntary The Aluminum Association has used its best efforts in compiling the information con- tained in this book. While the Association believes that its compilation procedures are reliable, it does not warr
4、ant, either expressly or impliedly, the accuracy or completeness of this information. The Aluminum Association assumes no responsibility or liability for the use of the information herein. All Aluminum Association published standards, data, specifications and other technical materials are reviewed a
5、nd revised, reaffirmed or withdrawn. Users are advised to contact The Aluminum Association to ascertain whether the information in this publication has been superseded in the interim between publica- tion and proposed use. I Visual Quality Characteristics of Aluminum Sheet and Plate has been compile
6、d by the Technology Committee of the Sheet and Plate Division as a reference for those who have an interest in these rolled products and who may have a need to know the terminology commonly used in this largest segment of the alu- minum industry. The terms are arranged alphabetically in the index ba
7、sed on the term noun fol- lowed by the appropriate adjective. There is a second index which categorizes the terms by the characteristics of flatness, metallurgical, surface, other and coating. The preferred terms, obtained by consensus, are defined; other terms for the same condition are cross-refer
8、enced in the alphabetical index. The reader should be mindful that terminology is the subject of this document. The visual quality characteristics defined, together with any visual repre- sentation, do not constitute quality standards. In many instances, the defini- tions are enhanced by providing v
9、isual extremes. Wherever possible, typical causes are given for the visual characteristics. These causes may differ from the experience of the reader because of alternate equip- ment, processes or technology. This edition retains the use of inch as the unit of distance referenced on figures whenever
10、 it was available from original sources. Though a number of Association member companies provided pictures and sketches, Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation and the Japan Light Metal Association also gave The Aluminum Association use of illustrations from their published documents as informatio
11、n sources. The 2002 Fourth Edition has been updated based upon suggestions made by Arvid N. Anderson, consultant. Mr. Anderson is the former chairman of The Aluminum Associations Task Group on Visual Quality Attributes of Aluminum Sheet and Plate. ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION SHEET AND PLATE DIVISION COMPAN
12、IES Alcan Inc. Alcoa, Inc. ARCO Aluminum Inc. Coastal Aluminum Rolling Mills, Inc. Corus Aluminium Rolled Products Jupiter Aluminum Corporation Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Spectrulite Consortium, Inc. Logan Aluminum, Inc. McCook Metals L.L.C. Nichols Aluminum Ormet Corporation Pechiney Ro
13、lled Products Precision Coil, Inc. United Aluminum Corporation i iii A I p ha bet i ca I : Bare and Alclad Sheet and Plate Page Abrasion: See “Mark, Traffic” Alligatoring : See “Lamination” Arbor Break: See “Buckle, Arbor” Arbor Buckle: See “Buckle, Arbor” Arbor Mark: See “Mark, Arbor” Belled Edge:
14、See “Edge, Belled” Bite Mark: See “Mark, Bite” Bleed Out: See Two-Tone” Blister: BlisterBond . 10 Blister, Core .l O Bloom: See “Stain, Oil” Bow,Lateral . 30 Bow, Longitudinal . .2 Bow, Transverse . .2 Bright Streak: See “Streak (Stripe)” Bristle Mark: See “Mark, Bristle” Broken Edge: See “Edge, Bro
15、ken” Broken Surface: See “Crazing” Brown Stain: See “Stain, Oil” Bruise: See “Mark, Roll Bruise” Buckle 3 Buckle,Arbor . 3 Buckle, Center . .4 Buckle,Edge . 4 Buckle,Oil Can: See “Buckle, Trapped Buckle, Quarter .4 Buckle,Trapped . 4 Buff Streak: See “Streak, Buff Burnish Streak: See Streak, Burnish
16、” Burnishing: See “Two-Tone” Burr . 11 Camber: See “Bow, Lateral” Center Buckle: See “Buckle, Center” Chatter, Leveler: See “Mark, Chatter” Chatter Mark: See “Mark, Chatter” Chatter, Roll: See “Mark, Chatter” Chip Mark: See “Dent” Cinching: See “Scratch, Tension” Coated Sheet: See “Sheet, Coated” Co
17、ating Build-Up .33 Coating, Conversion: Coating Drip . 31 Coating Oven Trash: See “Dirt” Coating Skip 3 4 Coating Streak: See “Streak, Coating” Coil Curvature: See “Coil Set” Coil Orientation .30 Coil Set . 5 See “Blister, Bond or “Blister, Core” See “Coating, High or Low” BARE AND ALCLAD SHEET AND
18、PLATE COATED SHEET Page BARE AND ALCLAD SHEET AND PLATE (Continued): Coil Set Differential . .5 Coil Set, Reversed .5 Cold Streak: See “Streak, Heat” Collapse 30 Condensation Stain: Coned-out Coil: See “Telescoping” Conversion Coating: Corrosion, Water Stain .11 Cracked Edge: See “Edge, Broken” Crat
19、ering: See “Fish Eye” Crazing 11 Crease 6 Crocodiling: See “Lamination” Cross Hatching: See “Crazing” Damaged Edge: See “Edge, Damaged Dent . 12 Dent,Expansion 12 Diffusion Streak: See “Streak, Diffusion” Dirt 34 Dirt Streak: See “Streak, Dirt” Double Shear Notch: Edge Band: See “Two-Tone” Edge,Bell
20、ed . 6 Edge, Broken (Cracked) . .12 Edge Buckle: See “Buckle, Edge” Edge Buildup: See “Edge, Belled” Edge,Damaged 13 Edge Ripple: See “Buckle, Edge” Edge Wave: See “Buckle, Edge” Fish Eye: . 34 Fish Mouthing: See “Lamination” Flaking . 34 Flatness . 1 Fretting: See “Mark, Traffic” Friction Scratch:
21、See “Scratch, Friction” Full Center: See “Buckle, Center” Glaze: See “Pickup, Roll” Gouge . 13 Gouge,RolledIn . 13 Grain, Large: See “Orange Peel” Hair, Slitter . .13 Handling Scratch: See Scratch, Handling” Heat Streak: See “Streak, Heat” Heat Treat Contact Mark: Heat Treat Stain: Herringbone: See
22、Streak, Herringbone” Hole . 14 Holiday: See “Coating Skip” Hot Line Pickup: See “Pickup, Roll” Inclusion Mark: See “Mark, Inclusion” Inclusion, Stringer . .14 See Corrosion, Water Stain” See Coating, High or Low” See “Notch, Double Shear” Earing 7 Edge,Liquated . 13 See “Mark, Heat Treat Contact” Se
23、e “Stain, Heat Treat” BARE AND ALCLAD SHEET AND PLATE COATED SHEET BARE AND ALCLAD SHEET AND PLATE (Continued): Kink . 14 Knife Mark: See “Mark, Knife” Lacquer: See “Stain, Oil” Lamination 15 Lateral Bow: See “Bow, Lateral” Leveler Chatter Mark: Leveler Streak: See “Streak, Leveler” Liquated Edge: S
24、ee Edge, Liquated” Line,Looper . 15 Line,Lders 7 Longitudinal Bow: See “Bow, Longitudinal” Looper Line: See “Line, Looper” Loose Wrap: See “Wrap, Loose” Lube, High or Low . .34 Lube Spot: See “Spot, Lube” Luders Line: See “Line, Luders” Machine Scratch: See “Scratch, Drag” Mark 15 Mark,Arbor . 15 Se
25、e “Mark, Chatter (Roll or Leveler)” Mark, Bite . .15 Mark, Bristle .16 Mark, Chatter (Roll or Leveler) .16 Mark, Heat Treat Contact .17 Mark, Inclusion .17 Mark, Knife .17 Mark, Leveler Chatter: Mark, Metal-on-roll: See “Dent, Repeating” Mark,Mike 17 Mark, Pinch: See “Crease” Mark, Roll 18 Mark, Rol
26、l Bruise .18 Mark, Roll Skid .19 See “Mark, Chatter” (Roll or Leveler) Mark,Rub 19 Mark, Stretcher Jaw .20 Mark, Tab: See “Buckle, Arbor” Mark, Take Up: Mark, Tail: Mark,Traffic . 20 Metal-on-Roll: See “Dent” Mike, Mark: See “Mark, Mike” Mill Buff Streak: See “Streak, Roll” Nick: See “Scratch” and “
27、Gouge” Oil Can: See “Buckle, Trapped” Oil Stain: See “Stain, Oil” Orange Peel . 8 Oscillation .See also “Snaking” . .31 Oscillation Scratch: See “Scratch, Oscillation” Oven Scratch: See “Scratch, Oven” Oxide Discoloration: See “Scratch, Tension” See “Mark, Roll Bruise” Mark, Whip . .20 Mottling, Pre
28、ssure . .35 Notch, Double Shear . .31 Out of Register .21 See “Stain, Heat Treat” BARE AND ALCLAD SHEET AND PLATE COATED SHEET vi - Page BARE AND ALCLAD SHEET AND PLATE (Continued): Oxide Streak: See ”Pickup, Roll” Pass Line: See “Two Tone” Pickup, Repeating: See “Dent” Pickup,Roll . 21 Pickup Strea
29、k: See “Streak, Coating” Pinch Mark: See “Crease” Pinhole 35 Pit 22 Pop, Solvent: See “Fish Eye” Pressure Mottling: See “Mottling , Pressure” Quarter Buckle: See “Buckle, Quarter” Razor Streak: See “Inclusion, Stringer” Reduction Marks: See “Herringbone” Repeating Pickup: See “Dent” Reticulation: Se
30、e “Crazing” Roll Mark: See “Mark, Roll” Roll Bruise Mark: Roll Chatter: Roll Coating: See “Streak, Coating” Roll Grind . 22 Roll Skid Mark: See “Mark, Roll Skid” Roll Stop Mark: See “Mark, Roll Skid” Roll Streak: See “Streak, Roll” Rolled-in Metal .23 Rolled-in Scratch: See “Scratch, Rolled-in” Roll
31、ed-over Edge: See “Edge, Liquidated” Roping 8 Rub Mark: See “Mark, Rub” Scratch 23 Scratch,Drag 23 Scratch, Friction . .23 Scratch, Machine: See “Scratch, Drag” Scratch, Oscillation .24 Scratch,Oven . 35 Scratch, Rolled-in -24 Scratch, Slippage: See “Scratch, Tension” Scratch, Tension . .25 Serpenti
32、ne Weave: See “Snaking” Side Crack: See “Edge, Broken” Skip: See “Coating Skip” Slippage Scratch: See “Scratch, Tension” Sliver .See also “Hair, Slitter” . .25 Smudge (Bare Products) .25 Smudge (Coated Products): See “Dirt” Smut: See “Smudge” Snaking 31 Solvent Pop: See “Fish Eye” Spot,Lube 36 Stain
33、, Heat Treat .25 Stain,Oil . 26 Stain, Water: Starvation . .36 Pick-off 35 See “Mark, Roll Bruise” See “Mark, Chatter (Roll or Leveler)” Sheet,Coated . 33 See “Corrosion, Water Stain” BARE AND ALCLAD SHEET AND PLATE COATED SHEET Page vii BARE AND ALCLAD SHEET AND PLATE (Continued): Streak (Stripe) .
34、26 Streak, Bright: See “Streak (Stripe)” Streak,Buff . 26 Streak, Burnish . .26 Streak, Coating . .27 Streak, Cold: See “Streak, Heat” Streak, Diffusion .9 Streak,Di rt 27 Streak,Heat . 27 Streak, Herringbone .28 Streak, Leveler .28 Streak, Mill Buff: Streak, Pickup: See “Streak, Coating” Streak,Rol
35、l . 28 Streak, Structural . .9 Stretcher Jaw Mark: Striation 36 Structural Streak: See “Streak, Structural” SuraceTear 29 Tab Mark: See “Buckle, Arbor” Tail Mark: See “Mark, Roll Bruise” Take-up Mark: See “Scratch, Tension” Telescoping . 32 Traffic Mark: See “Mark, Traffic” Transverse Bow: See “Bow,
36、 Transverse” Transverse Cracks: See “Crazing” Trapped Buckle: See “Buckle, Trapped” Two-Tone . 29 Water Stain: Wavy Edge: See “Buckle,Edge” Weave: See “Oscillation” Whip Mark: See “Mark, Whip” Wrap,Loose 32 Whisker: See “Hair, Slitter” Wrinkle: See “Crease” See “Streak, Roll” See “Mark, Stretcher Ja
37、w” See “Corrosion, Water Stain” BARE AND ALCLAD SHEET AND PLATE viii fi BARE AND ALCLAD SHEET AND PLATE ix Alphabetical by Characteristic: Bare and Alclad Sheet and Plate FLATNESS CHARACTERISTICS: Page Bow, Longitudinal . .2 Bow, Transverse . .2 Buckle,Arbor . 3 Buckle, Center . .4 Buckle,Quarter .
38、4 Arbor Break: See “Buckle, Arbor” Belled Edge: See “Edge, Belled” Buckle 3 Buckle,Edge . 4 Buckle, Oil Can: Buckle,Trapped . 4 Coil Curvature: See “Coil Set” Coil Set . 5 Coil Set Differential . .5 Coil Set, Reversed .5 Crease 6 Edge,Belled . 6 Edge Buildup: See “Edge, Belled” Edge Ripple: See “Buc
39、kle, Edge” Edge Wave: See “Buckle, Edge” Full Center: See “Buckle, Center” Oil Can: See “Buckle, Trapped Pinch Mark: See Crease” Tab Mark: See “Buckle, Arbor” Wavy Edge: See “Buckle, Edge” Wrinkle: See “Crease” See “Buckle, Trapped” METALLURGICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Earing 7 Orange Peel . 8 Streak, Dif
40、fusion .9 Streak, Structural . .9 Grain, Large: See “Orange Peel” Line,Lders 7 Roping 8 SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS: Abrasion: See “Mark, Traffic” Alligatoring: See “Lamination” Arbor Mark: See “Mark, Arbor” Bleed-out: See “Two-tone” Blister,Bond . 10 Blister, Core .l O Block, Mark: See “Stain, Oil” Blo
41、om: See “Streak, (Stripe)” Bristle Mark: See “Mark, Bristle” Broken Surface: See “Crazing” Brown Stain: See Stain, Oil” u BARE AND ALCLA- X SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS (Continued): 11 Bruise: See “Mark. Roll Bruise” Burnishing: SeeTwo-Tone” Burr . Chatter Mark: See “Mark. Chatter“ Chip Mark: See “Dent”
42、Cinching: See “Scratch. Tension” Coating Oven Trash: See “Dirt” Coating Streak: See “Streak. Coating” Cold Streak: See “Streak. Heat” Condensation Stain: Coned-out Coil: See “Telescoping” Corrosion. Water Stain . 11 Crazing 11 C rocodil ing : Cross Hatching: See “Crazing” Dent . 12 Dent. Expansion 1
43、2 Edge Band: See “Two-Tone” Edge. Broken (Cracked) 12 Edge. Damaged 13 Edge. Liquated . 13 Fish Mouthing: See “Lamination” Fretting: See “Mark. Traffic” Glaze: See “Pickup. Roll” Gouge . 13 Gouge. Rolled In . 13 Hair. Slitter 13 Herringbone: See “Streak. Herringbone” Hole . 14 Hot Line Pickup: Inclu
44、sion. Stringer 14 Kink . 14 Lacquer : See “Stain. Oil” Lamination 15 Liquated Edge: See “Edge. Liquated” Looper Line . 15 Mark 15 Mark. Arbor . 15 Mark. Bite 15 Mark. Bristle . 16 Mark. Chatter (Roll or Leveler) . 16 Mark. Heat Treat Contact . 17 Mark. Inclusion . 17 Mark. Knife . 17 Mark. Leveler C
45、hatter: Mark. Metal-on-Roll: See “Dent” Mark. Mike 17 Mark. Pinch: See “Crease” Mark. Roll 18 Mark. Roll Bruise . 18 Mark. Roll Skid . 19 Mark. Rub 19 Mark. Stretcher Jaw . 20 Mark. Tab: See “Arbor Break See “Corrosion. Water Stain See “Lamination” See “Pickup. Roll” See “Mark. Chatter” (Roll or Lev
46、eler) BARE AND ALCLAD SHEET AND PLATE xi SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS (Continued): Mark, Take Up: Mark, Tail: Mark,Traffic . 2 O Metal-On-Roll: See “Dent” Mill Buff Streak: Nick: See “Scratch and “Gouge” Oil Stain: See “Stain, Oil” Oxide Discoloration: Oxide Streak: See “Pickup, Roll” Pass Line: See “Two
47、 Tone” Pickup, Repeating: See “Dent” Pickup, Roll .21 Pickup Streak: See “Streak, Coating” Pit 2 2 Razor Streak: See “Inclusion, Stringer” Reduction Mark: See “Streak, Herringbone” Repeating Pickup: See “Dent” Reticulation: See “Crazing” Roll Coating: See “Streak, Coating” RollGrind . 22 Roll Stop M
48、ark: See Mark, Roll Skid Rolled-In Metal .23 Rolled-over Edge: See “Edge, Liquated Scratch 2 3 Scratch,Drag 2 3 Scratch, Friction . .23 Scratch, Handling .23 Scratch, Oscillation -24 Scratch, Rolled-in .24 Scratch, Slippage: See “Scratch, Tension” Scratch, Tension . .25 Side Crack: See “Edge, Broken
49、” Slippage Scratch: See “Scratch, Tension” Sliver .See also “Hair, Slitter” . .25 Smudge 2 5 Smut: See “Smudge” Stain, Heat Treat .25 Stain,Oil . 26 Stain, Water: Streak (Stripe) .26 Streak, Bright: See “Streak (Stripe)” Streak,Buff . 2 6 Streak, Burnish . .26 Streak, Coating . .27 Streak,Di rt 27 Streak,Heat . 27 Streak, Herringbone .28 Streak, Leveler .28 See “Scratch, Tension” See “Mark, Roll Bruise” Mark,Whip 20 See “Streak, Roll” Out of Register. . .21 See “Stain, Heat Treat” Scratch, Machine: See “Scratch, Drag” See “Corrosion, Water Stain” Streak, Cold: See “Streak,
