1、ACI 439.3R-07Types of Mechanical Splicesfor Reinforcing BarsReported by ACI Committee 439American Concrete InstituteAdvancing concrete knowledgeTypes of Mechanical Splices for Reinforcing BarsFirst PrintingMarch 2007ISBN 978-0-87031-239-7Copyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills
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9、e in print, by download, on CD-ROM, through electronicsubscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual ofConcrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmingt
10、on Hills, MI 48331U.S.A.Phone: 248-848-3700Fax: 248-848-3701www.concrete.orgACI 439.3R-07 supersedes ACI 439.3R-91 (Reapproved 1999) was adopted andpublished March 2007.Copyright 2007, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by anymeans
11、, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic ormechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproductionor for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writingis obtained from the copyright proprietors.439.3
12、R-1ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Standard Practices, andCommentaries are intended for guidance in planning,designing, executing, and inspecting construction. Thisdocument is intended for the use of individuals who arecompetent to evaluate the significance and limitations of itscontent and recommend
13、ations and who will acceptresponsibility for the application of the material it contains.The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and allresponsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall notbe liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this document shall not be ma
14、de in contractdocuments. If items found in this document are desired by theArchitect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, theyshall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation bythe Architect/Engineer.Types of Mechanical Splices for Reinforcing BarsReported by ACI Committee 439AC
15、I 439.3R-07Reinforcing bar splices are key components in reinforced concreteconstruction. Because mechanical splices do not rely on the surroundingconcrete to transfer the force between bars, splitting failures are not aconcern, and the strength of the splice is not sensitive to the compressivestren
16、gth of the concrete or the amount of cover. Splices in reinforcing steelare grouped in three categories: lapped bars, mechanical, or welded; thefocus of this report is mechanical splices. Strength capacities established inACI 318 are higher for mechanical splices than for lap splices. Severaltypes o
17、f mechanical splices have been qualified to sustain inelasticreinforcing bar strain excursions representative of those that might bebrought about by overload due to seismic activity, wind, or blast.This report provides engineers and contractors with updated informationabout bar-to-bar mechanical spl
18、ices and the types of proprietary mechanicalsplices currently available. There is no attempt to state conditions of accep-tance or to endorse or rate one particular mechanical splice over another.The information on mechanical splices and their installation wasprovided by mechanical splice manufactur
19、ers. Although it was compiled bythe committee, none of the information was directly verified by thecommittee. An attempt was made to include generic descriptions of alltypes of mechanical splices generally available and sold in the NorthAmerican market at the beginning of 2004; however, some mechani
20、calsplices new in the market may not be included due to lack of knowledge oftheir existence or because no information was submitted for inclusion atthe time this report was written.Reasons for using mechanical splices, as well as various engineeringconsiderations that should be made when specifying
21、mechanical splices, arediscussed. Mechanical splices are described in terms of seismic type, config-uration, installation procedure, clearance requirements, and other character-istics. Illustrations of the various mechanical splices are included.Keywords: dowel; mechanical connection; mechanical spl
22、ice; reinforcedconcrete; sleeve; splice.CONTENTSChapter 1General, p. 439.3R-21.1Introduction1.2Usage1.3General considerationsChapter 2Design requirements for mechanical splices, p. 439.3R-52.1Codes and specifications2.2Design considerations2.3Drawings and specificationsJoseph A. Bohinsky Gustav G. E
23、rlemann*Murray A. Lount*Robert C. RichardsonJean-Jacques Braun Anthony L. Felder Kenneth A. Luttrell Mario E. RodriguezJames L. Caldwell Paul S. Fredrickson Leroy A. Lutz Philip E. RossDomingo J. Carreira William Gallenz Adolfo B. Matamoros Clifford A. SaboLouis J. Colarusso Steven E. Holdsworth Pet
24、er Meza Robert G. SmithChristian L. Dahl Allen J. Hulshizer Theodore A. Mize Cloyd E. (Joe) WarnesDavid H. DeValve James M. LaFave Richard A. Ramsey Ken WilliamsonAlvin C. Ericson Harry B. Lancelot Roy H. Reiterman William H. ZehrtSalem S. Faza*Deceased.Conrad PaulsonChairMark D. MarvinSecretary439.
25、3R-2 ACI COMMITTEE REPORTChapter 3Mechanical splices and installation,p. 439.3R-73.1General3.2Compression-only mechanical splices3.3Tension-compression mechanical splices3.4Dowel bar mechanical splices3.5Mechanical lap splicesChapter 4Summary, p. 439.3R-18Chapter 5References, p. 439.3R-195.1Referenc
26、ed standards and reports5.2Cited referencesCHAPTER 1GENERAL1.1IntroductionIn reinforced concrete design, the engineer is faced withsizing individual members and establishing reinforcing steeltypes, placement requirements, and types of splices that willbe used throughout the structure. Design drawing
27、s orspecifications should clearly show or describe all splicelocations and the required performance.The importance and necessity of clearly prescribing splicerequirements is evident in ACI 318. Chapter 1 describesspecific items to be included on the design drawings, details,and specifications. These
28、 items include showing the locationand length of lap splices, reinforcement anchorage lengths,and the type and location of mechanical and welded splices.Chapter 12 also addresses this subject, and states: “Splicesof reinforcement shall be made only as required orpermitted on design drawings, or in s
29、pecifications, or asauthorized by the engineer.”In beams, columns, walls and slabs, mechanical, weldedand lap splices are usually permitted. The merits of each typeof splice should always be considered. The selection of thepreferred mechanical or welded splice typically mustaddress project- and loca
30、tion-specific problems in additionto cost, installation ease, and other factors.1.1.1 Report background and scopeThis report is arevision of ACI 439.3R-91, and provides updated informationabout types of proprietary bar-to-bar mechanical splicesgenerally available and sold in the North American marke
31、t atthe beginning of 2004. Those mechanical splice systems thathave become obsolete or inactive have been removed fromthis report. Additionally, references to accessories anddevices that connect reinforcing bars to structural steel or toheaded end anchorage devices are not included because theyare o
32、utside the scope of this report.Usage and design requirements of mechanical splices, aswell as size capabilities and features of selected mechanicalsplices, are described in Chapters 1, 2, and 3 of this report.1.1.2 Reinforcing bar designations and gradesInaccordance with the current practice of AST
33、M International,reinforcing bar sizes shown in this report are stated as numberdesignations with inch-pound sizes shown first and SI sizesshown in parentheses. Likewise, grades of reinforcing bars,unless otherwise described, are referred to in terms ofminimum yield strength; Grade 40 (280) has a spe
34、cifiedyield strength of 40,000 psi (280 MPa), Grade 60 (420) hasa specified yield strength of 60,000 psi (420 MPa), andGrade 75 (520) has a specified yield strength of 75,000 psi(520 MPa).1.1.3 Type 1 and Type 2 mechanical splicesThere aretwo primary classifications of mechanical splices, whose usei
35、s dictated by design loads in the constructed structure. Type 1splices are used in elements where there is little concern forinelastic deformations and elevated tensile stresses fromseismic events. Type 2 splices have proven, throughaccepted industry testing, the ability to develop the specifiedtens
36、ile strength of the spliced bars for resistance to elevatedtensile stresses.In accordance with ACI 318, Chapter 21, Type 2mechanical splices are required to develop the specifiedtensile strength of the bars being spliced. Type 2 mechanicalsplices used with ASTM A 706/A 706M are required todevelop 80
37、,000 psi (550 MPa) minimum, and also not lessthan 1.25 times the actual yield strength of the bar. Type 2mechanical splices used with ASTM A 615/A 615M Grade60 (420) are required to develop 90,000 psi (620 MPa)minimum, and Type 2 mechanical splices used with ASTMA 615/A 615M Grade 40 (280) are requi
38、red to develop60,000 psi (420 MPa) minimum.The requirements for Type 2 mechanical splices areintended to avoid a splice failure in locations where thereinforcement is subjected to stress levels that are expectedto approach the tensile strength of the reinforcement. Lapsplices are not recommended in
39、locations where inelasticyielding could occur because such splices are not reliableunder conditions of cyclic loading into the inelastic range.Under such circumstances, the engineer is encouraged tospecify Type 2 mechanical splices. In accordance with ACI 318, Type 1 mechanical splicesshould develop
40、 in tension or compression, as required, aminimum of 125% of the specified yield strength of the bar.Type 1 mechanical splices are not required to satisfy themore stringent requirements for Type 2 splices. As a result,Type 1 mechanical splices may not be capable of resistingthe stress and strain dem
41、ands that can take place in sectionswhere yielding of the reinforcement is likely to occur duringa seismic event.For any mechanical splicing system under considerationfor use, the reader should obtain supporting test informationdirectly from the manufacturer pertaining to the particularmechanical sp
42、lice device.1.1.4 Categorization of mechanical splicesFour basiccategories of mechanical splices are considered in thisreport. They are:1. Compression-only mechanical splices, also known asend-bearing mechanical splices; 2. Tension-compression mechanical splices that can resistboth tensile and compr
43、essive forces; 3. Dowel bar mechanical splices; and4. Mechanical lap splices.1.1.5 DefinitionsIn this report, specific terms aredefined as follows.TYPES OF MECHANICAL SPLICES FOR REINFORCING BARS 439.3R-3bar-end checkchecking the ends of reinforcing bars todetermine whether they fit the devices inte
44、nded for splicingthe bars.couplerthreaded device for joining reinforcing bars forthe purpose of providing transfer of either axial compression,axial tension, or both, from one bar to the other.position couplerthreaded device for joining reinforcingbars where bars are not rotated. A component is rota
45、ted toengage coupler threads or reinforcing bar threads.coupling sleevenonthreaded device fitting over theends of two reinforcing bars for the purpose of providingtransfer of axial compression, axial tension, or both, fromone bar to the other.end-bearing sleevedevice fitting over the abutting endsof
46、 two reinforcing bars for the purpose of ensuring transferof only axial compression from one bar to the other.mechanical lap splicecomplete assembly of a couplingsleeve device and any additional components configured toaccomplish positive splicing of overlapping reinforcing bars.mechanical splicecom
47、plete assembly of a coupler, acoupling sleeve, or an end-bearing sleeve, including anyadditional intervening material or other components requiredto accomplish the splicing of reinforcing bars. (Note:“mechanical splice” was formerly called “mechanicalconnection” in ACI 318-95 and earlier editions.)1
48、.1.6 WeldingWith the exception of friction welding,which is a solid-state joint process that is used in somemechanical splice systems, it is beyond the scope of thisreport to provide comprehensive information about weldedsplices or other currently available special proprietarysplicing systems. Engin
49、eers are referred to the most currentAWS code for welding reinforcing steel (ANSI/AWS D1.4)and the ASTM specifications for reinforcing bars, such asASTM A 615/A 615M, A 706/A 706M, and A 996/A 996M.Information about welding of reinforcing bars is alsopresented in the CRSI Manual of Standard Practice.1.2UsageThere are numerous situations that dictate the use ofmechanical splices or that make their incorporation morepractical and cost effective than lap splices. Some of themost common conditions are:1. Where size No. 14 and 18 (No. 43 and 57) bars areused. Th
