1、 GUIDE FOR BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE JULY 2010 Guide to Color Coding Used in Online Version of the Guide The following summarizes the colors corresponding to Rule Changes, Corrigenda items and editorial changes in the Guide files which are available for download. Rule Changes: NOTICE NO. 1 October 2010
2、 (effective 20 October 2010) Corrigenda: CORRIGENDA/EDITORIALS 22 February 2016 Editorials: Editorial Changes Guide for Ballast Water Exchange GUIDE FOR BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE JULY 2010 (Updated February 2016 see next page) American Bureau of Shipping Incorporated by Act of Legislature of the State
3、of New York 1862 Copyright 2010 American Bureau of Shipping ABS Plaza 16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060 USA Updates February 2016 consolidation includes: October 2010 version plus Corrigenda/Editorials October 2010 consolidation includes: July 2010 version plus Notice No. 1 Foreword Foreword
4、The inadvertent transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens in a vessels ballast water has been determined to have caused a significant adverse impact to many of the worlds coastal regions. The international maritime community, under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization (I
5、MO) has developed several documents, including the “International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediment, 2004,” (Ballast Water Management Convention), which are aimed at preventing the introduction of unwanted aquatic organisms and pathogens through the discha
6、rge of ballast water and sediments. The Ballast Water Management Convention will apply to vessels registered in a country which is party to the Convention and to those vessels registered in other countries when operating in the waters of a country which is party to the Convention. One of the strateg
7、ies incorporated into the Ballast Water Management Convention is Ballast Water Exchange (BWE). Ballast water exchange is the process of exchanging coastal water, which may be fresh water, salt water or brackish water, for mid-ocean water. During the exchange process, biologically laden water taken o
8、n in the last port of call is flushed out of the ballast tanks with open ocean water, typically 200 nautical miles from the nearest land. Scientists, specifically Marine Biologists, have determined that marine organisms and pathogens are, in general, less numerous in the open ocean and, due to chang
9、es in the waters chemistry, temperature and salinity would be less likely to survive once they are discharged into the near shore receiving waters. While the vast majority of vessels are capable of conducting ballast water exchange, and the procedures do not typically require any special structural
10、modifications to most of the vessels in operation, it does present challenges for designers, builders, owners and operators. These challenges include over-pressurization or under-pressurization of tanks, longitudinal strength and transverse stability concerns, as well as maneuverability issues. To a
11、ssist the marine industry, ABS issued the “Advisory Notes on Ballast Water Exchange Procedures” in October 1999. This Advisory described the implications associated with ballast water management and ballast water exchange using fourteen typical vessels as examples. While the findings contained in th
12、e Advisory focused on existing vessels, many of the conclusions could also be applied to assist in the development of new buildings. However, it is to be noted that the details provided in the Advisory are vessel-specific and that the information contained therein was to be viewed as typical, and pr
13、ovide representative values that might be obtained for any single vessel and are highly dependent on the vessels design and structure, which may vary greatly from one vessel to another. This Guide for Ballast Water Exchange is provided for the use of designers, builders, owners, and operators of ves
14、sels classed with ABS and specifies the requirements for obtaining the optional classification notation Ballast Water Exchange (BWE). The BWE notation identifies a level of compliance with the applicable regulations contained in the IMO “International Convention for the Control and Management of Shi
15、ps Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004”, as well as those IMO Guidelines referenced in the Convention addressing ballast water exchange. While the Convention has not yet entered into force, many port States, such as Brazil, Canada and the United States have established national regulations mandating t
16、he exchange of ballast water, together with evidence to support that the exchange has taken place (ballast water records). This Guide is to be used in conjunction with other Rules published by ABS and IMO guidelines. Users of this Guide acknowledge and agree that ABS is not responsible for a vessels
17、 operation pertaining to ballast water exchange and shall bear no liability for such operations. This Guide references relevant international regulations and guidelines that are considered to be applicable. While it is the intent of the Guide to be consistent with these relevant regulations and guid
18、elines, it is the ultimate responsibility of the users of this guide to refer to the most recent text of those regulation and guidelines. ABSGUIDE FOR BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE .2010 iii ABS appreciates the receipt of comments and suggestions, as well as technical and application questions for the impr
19、ovement of this Guide. Users are also advised to check with ABS to verify that this version of the Guide is current. For this purpose, enquiries can be submitted electronically to either rsdeagle.org or to the Rules viz the sequential method, the flow-through method and the dilution method. A descri
20、ption of these methods is as follows: i) Sequential method A process by which a ballast tank intended for the carriage of water ballast is first emptied and then refilled with replacement ballast water to achieve at least a 95% volumetric exchange. ii) Flow-through method A process by which replacem
21、ent ballast water is pumped into a ballast tank intended for the carriage of water ballast, allowing water to flow through overflow or other arrangements. At least three times the tank volume is to be pumped through the tank. iii) Dilution method A process by which replacement ballast water is fille
22、d through the top of the ballast tank intended for the carriage of water ballast with simultaneous discharge from the bottom at the same flow rate and maintaining a constant level in the tank throughout the ballast exchange operation. At least three times the tank volume is to be pumped through the
23、tank. The flow-through method and the dilution method are often referred to as “pump-through” methods. Each ballast water exchange method has particular associated aspects that are to be considered when selecting the method(s) to be used on a specific type of vessel, as discussed in the following Su
24、bsections. The degree to which a vessel is suited to the sequential method, the flow-through method, or the dilution method is dependent on its design and age. Any other method of ballast water exchange will be subject to special consideration by ABS. After the ballast water exchange methods for a v
25、essel have been determined, and the ballast water exchange system requirements have been met, the pertinent sequencing or pump-through operational information is to be documented, together with safety considerations, in the Ballast Water Management Plan as outlined in Chapter 3 of this Guide. The Ba
26、llast Water Management Plan is also to include a summary of selected exchange method(s), similar to 2-2/Table 1 below. TABLE 1 Log of Ballast Water Exchange Method(s) BWE No. BWE Method Description of Conditions Date Approved By The vessels loading conditions for the selected ballast water exchange
27、method or methods are to be developed and calculations submitted to show that the loading conditions satisfy the applicable requirements for ballast capacity, trim, stability, longitudinal strength, and local strength. These conditions are to be submitted for approval and then placed in the vessels
28、Loading Manual or Trim and Stability Booklet. The vessel operators are to use the approved ballast water exchange loading conditions from the Loading Manual or Trim and Stability Booklet when performing ballast water exchange operations. 12 ABSGUIDE FOR BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE .2010 Chapter 2 Ballast
29、 Water Exchange Requirements Section 2 Ballast Water Exchange Methods 2-2 3 Sequential Method The sequential method entails completely emptying ballast tanks of the coastal waters and refilling with open-ocean water. Emptying of certain tanks may lead to significantly reduced stability, higher vesse
30、l structural stresses, high sloshing pressures and/or reduced forward drafts which may then increase the probability of bow slamming. Margins are to be provided for stability and strength for all seagoing conditions, as specified in the vessels approved trim and stability booklet and the loading man
31、ual. The loading conditions for the selected ballast water exchange method or methods are to be taken from the approved loading manual or trim and stability booklet. The following items are to be evaluated when the sequential method is selected for ballast water exchange. 3.1 Stability 3.1.1 Intact
32、Stability The intact stability requirements contained in 3-3-1/3.1, “Intact Stability”, of the Steel Vessel Rules or 3-3-1/3.1 of the Under 90m Rules, as applicable are to be satisfied. These requirements are to be met at every stage of the ballast water exchange under all loading conditions. The re
33、sults of the intact stability calculations demonstrating compliance with the intact stability requirements during ballast water exchange are to be included in the stability booklet and submitted for review and approval. When calculating stability, the free surfaces in all tanks are to be set to maxi
34、mum. 3.1.2 Damage Stability The damage stability requirements contained in 3-3-1/3.3, “Subdivision and Damage Stability”, of the Steel Vessel Rules or 3-3-1/3.3 of the Under 90m Rules, as applicable are to be satisfied. Compliance with limiting GM/KG curves, which may be based partly on applicable d
35、amage stability criteria, is to be maintained at all times. 3.3 Longitudinal Strength 3.3.1 The longitudinal strength for each stage is to be within the allowable seagoing limits, as prescribed in the Steel Vessel Rules or the Under 90m Rules, as applicable. This is to be demonstrated by printouts f
36、or each stage as developed by the ABS-approved loading program or by the approved Loading Manual. 3.3.2 At any longitudinal location, a typical output of longitudinal strength includes the following: Calculated still-water bending moment (SWBM) and still-water shear force (SWSF) Maximum and minimum
37、values of SWBM and SWSF Calculated still-water torsional moment (SWTM), where applicable Maximum permissible value of SWTM, where applicable Calculated SWBM and SWSF in flooding conditions, where applicable Maximum permissible values of SWBM and SWSF in flooded conditions, where applicable 3.3.3 Und
38、er each loading condition, the calculation of longitudinal strength is to be conducted for each stage of ballast water exchange. ABSGUIDE FOR BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE .2010 13 Chapter 2 Ballast Water Exchange Requirements Section 2 Ballast Water Exchange Methods 2-2 3.3.4 If, in any stage, the seagoin
39、g limits are not met and cannot be met due to the vessels/tank configuration (this must be demonstrated by the designer), special consideration may be given to the implementation of operational procedures such as weather condition limitations or enhanced watch keeping procedures. 3.5 Sloshing 3.5.1
40、In general, sloshing is unavoidable for a vessel using the sequential method. However, it can be controlled to within acceptable limits by restricting the sea state in which the ballast water exchange operations are conducted. Where necessary, an approach is to be proposed, subject to the approval o
41、f the Flag Administration, to establish a maximum sea state or significant wave height for partial filling of ballast tanks where sloshing occurs. Documentation for the ballast water exchange is to include where applicable: An assessment of the potential for liquid resonance in the tank as a functio
42、n of the ballast water filling height. For low filling levels (less than 25%), the resonance in general is not a concern. However, confirmation is required. For filling levels greater than 50%, resonance can be an issue that may require a sea state limitation during ballast water exchange sequences.
43、 For those vessels having a SH or CSR notation or where the tank is less than 0.01L and 0.056B, sloshing is not a concern. However confirmation is required. A ballast water sequence stop (i.e., temporary “hold” or permanent completion of a ballast water exchange operation stage) will not be permitte
44、d in the filling range associated with resonance, or if physically checking for resonance during actual operations. A check of the impact pressure at partial filling. 3.5.2 The maximum sea state or the significant wave height is to be limited such that the impact pressure is less than or equal to th
45、e pressure permitted by the Steel Vessel Rules. The sloshing check may be exempted under the following locations/conditions where extensive internal structure is provided: Double side or double bottom tanks for all vessels. Topside tanks for bulk carriers in the heavy ballast conditions. A forepeak
46、tank fitted with a centerline wash bulkhead or a centerline ring structure or horizontal ring structures. Wing ballast tanks of single hull oil tankers fitted with transverse ring web structures. 3.5.3 For ballast holds of bulk carriers, sloshing must be considered where there is resonance due to pa
47、rtial filling. For this reason, partial filling of ballast holds of bulk carriers is to be avoided. 3.5.4 Partial filling of ballast tanks of single hull tankers is to be avoided, especially in light ballast conditions, unless the tanks are designed for unrestricted filling levels for the ballast co
48、ndition under consideration. 3.5.5 In cases when the sloshing action is to be considered, the sloshing calculations are to be submitted. The Ballast Water Management Plan is to identify the stages of the exchange where sloshing may be of particular concern and a footnote assigned to the relevant sta
49、ges for justification of their elimination. The footnote may read as follows: 14 ABSGUIDE FOR BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE .2010 Chapter 2 Ballast Water Exchange Requirements Section 2 Ballast Water Exchange Methods 2-2 “Exchange of ballast in tanks may impose significant structural loads generated by sloshing action when the level of the water in the tank is between .% and .%. Accordingly, the procedure is to be carried out only in favorable sea and swell conditions such that the risk of structural damage is minimized.” 3.7 Wave-induced H
