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    API PUBL 1673-2009 Compilation of Air Emission Estimating Methods for Petroleum Distribution and Dispensing Facilities (Second Edition)《石油配送和分配设施用空气排放评估法的汇编.第2版》.pdf

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    API PUBL 1673-2009 Compilation of Air Emission Estimating Methods for Petroleum Distribution and Dispensing Facilities (Second Edition)《石油配送和分配设施用空气排放评估法的汇编.第2版》.pdf

    1、Compilation of Air Emission Estimating Methods for Petroleum Distribution and Dispensing FacilitiesAPI PUBLICATION 1673 SECOND EDITION, JULY 2009Compilation of Air Emission Estimating Methods for Petroleum Distribution and Dispensing FacilitiesMarketing SegmentAPI PUBLICATION 1673 SECOND EDITION, JU

    2、LY 2009Prepared by: Robert L. Ferry J. Randolph Kissell The TGB PartnershipSpecial NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees

    3、, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such u

    4、se, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Ever

    5、y effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage r

    6、esulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may conflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need

    7、 for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with

    8、 the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be

    9、reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 200

    10、9 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication

    11、 be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the int

    12、erpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to

    13、reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of

    14、 the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API,

    15、 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Defin

    17、itions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Emission Estimating Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    18、. . . . . . . . . 23.1 Distribution Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Dispensing Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143.3 Miscellaneous Activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Properties of Volatile Organic Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224.1 Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224.2 Speciation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Annex A TANKS 4.09D Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . .

    22、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Tables1 Emission Estimating Methods for Activities at Distribution Facilities (Routine and Non-routine) . . . . . . 32 Loading Loss Saturation Factor KSAPI MPMS

    23、 Ch. 19.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Ballasting Loss Saturation Factor KSAPI MPMS Ch. 19.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Cargo Tank Loading Loss Saturation Factor KSAP-42, Table 5.2-1 . . . . . . .

    24、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Collection Efficiencies for Loading Cargo TanksAP-42, Section 5.2.2.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Average Emission Factors for Distribution Facility Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

    25、17 Control Effectiveness for an LDAR Program at a SOCMI Process UnitEIIP Volume II, Chapter 4, Table 4.2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Control Effectiveness for LDAR Component Monitoring F

    26、requencies for Petroleum RefineriesEIIP Volume II, Chapter 4, Table 4.2-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Emission Estimating Methods for Activities at Dispensing Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1410 Evapo

    27、rative Emissions from Gasoline USTs (Stage I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1511 Evaporative Emissions from Gasoline Dispensing (Stage II). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1612 Emission Estimating Methods for O

    28、ther Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1813 Particulate Emission Factors For Abrasive BlastingAP-42, Table 13.2.6-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1914 AP-42, Table 13.2.2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1915 Fugitive Emission Factors for Petroleum RefineriesAP-42, Table 5.1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2116 References for Properties of VOLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2217 References for Compositions of VOLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22v1Compilation of Air Emission Estimating Methods for Petroleum Distribution and Di

    31、spensing Facilities1 Introduction1.1 ScopeThis publication is a compilation of methods for estimating emissions associated with activities that may occur at typical petroleum distribution and dispensing facilities. Distribution facilities include bulk terminals, bulk plants, pipeline breakout statio

    32、ns, and pipeline pumping stations. Dispensing facilities are primarily retail service stations. Evaporative losses of volatile organic liquids (VOLs) from distribution and dispensing facilities occur primarily from transfer operations (i.e. refueling of motor vehicles, and the loading or unloading o

    33、f tank trucks, railcars, and ships or barges), storage tanks, and equipment leaks (i.e. piping components such as valves and pumps).Emission estimating methods have been developed to quantify total VOL emissions from these sources and to speciate these emissions. Speciation is the determination of t

    34、he fraction of the total emissions that are attributable to given individual chemical compounds, or species. Emission estimating methods change over time as more accurate methods are developed, emission controls change, and the compositions of petroleum products change in response to regulations and

    35、 consumer needs.1.2 PurposeThe purpose of this publication is to compile the most current and widely accepted emission estimating methods for petroleum distribution and dispensing facilities in one document. Numerous studies have been conducted to estimate emissions from these facilities. As a resul

    36、t, more than one estimating method is sometimes available for a given emission-generating activity, with the different methods potentially having differing levels of complexity. There is a trade-off between accuracy and complexity of emission estimates. More accurate estimates require more informati

    37、on about the specific activity.Section 3 of this publication provides the emission estimating methods. Emission estimating methods that can be stated briefly are provided in whole in Section 3; otherwise, the reader is referred to another document for the complete methodology. Section 3 contains thr

    38、ee subsections: one for distribution facilities, one for dispensing facilities, and one for miscellaneous activities. Section 4 provides information on the properties of VOLs used to estimate emissions. 2 Definitions40 CFR Part 63, Subpart BBBBBB1, Section 63.11100, includes the following definition

    39、s related to gasoline distribution facilities.2.1 bulk gasoline plant Any gasoline storage and distribution facility that receives gasoline by pipeline, ship or barge, or cargo tank and has a gasoline throughput of less than 20,000 gal/day. NOTE This differs from the definition implied by 40 CFR Par

    40、t 60, Subpart XX2, Section 60.501 and 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart R3, Section 63.421. These rules do not define a bulk plant, but define a bulk terminal as any gasoline facility which receives gasoline by pipeline, ship or barge, and has a gasoline throughput greater than approximately 20,000 gal/day. T

    41、his implies that a facility receiving only by cargo tank is a bulk plant, regardless of throughput.2 API PUBLICATION 16732.2 bulk gasoline terminal Any gasoline storage and distribution facility that receives gasoline by pipeline, ship or barge, or cargo tank and has a gasoline throughput of 20,000

    42、gal/day or greater. 2.3 equipment Each valve, pump, pressure relief device, sampling connection system, open-ended valve or line, and flange or other connector in the gasoline liquid transfer and vapor collection systems. This definition also includes the entire vapor processing system except the ex

    43、haust port(s) or stack(s).2.4 gasoline cargo tank A delivery tank truck or railcar which is loading gasoline or which has loaded gasoline on the immediately previous load.2.5 pipeline breakout station A facility along a pipeline containing storage vessels used to relieve surges or receive and store

    44、gasoline from the pipeline for re-injection and continued transportation by pipeline or to other facilities.2.6 pipeline pumping station A facility along a pipeline containing pumps to maintain the desired pressure and flow of product through the pipeline and not containing storage vessels. 40 CFR P

    45、art 63, Subpart CCCCCC4, Section 63.11132, includes the following definition.2.7 gasoline dispensing facility GDF Any stationary facility which dispenses gasoline into the fuel tank of a motor vehicle.While the regulatory definitions listed above are specific to gasoline, this publication applies to

    46、 distribution and dispensing facilities for VOLs and is not limited to gasoline.3 Emission Estimating Methods3.1 Distribution Facilities3.1.1 OverviewAP-42, Section 5.2.1, gives an overview of the petroleum distribution system. Table 1 summarizes emission estimating methods for activities at distrib

    47、ution facilities. 3.1.2 Storage Tanks3.1.2.1 Storing, Filling, and Emptying a VOL in a Storage TankEPA offers software (TANKS) to estimate emissions from storage tanks. TANKS is based on the emission estimating procedures from AP-42, Chapter 7, and is available at www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/software/tank

    48、s/index.html.Limitations of the TANKS program are discussed in Annex A. COMPILATION OF AIR EMISSION ESTIMATING METHODS FOR PETROLEUM DISTRIBUTION AND DISPENSING FACILITIES 33.1.2.1.1 Fixed-roof TanksAPI MPMS Ch. 19.1 and AP-42, Section 7.1.3.1, provide emission estimating methods for fixed-roof tank

    49、s. The method given in each document is the same. 3.1.2.1.2 Floating-roof Tanks with Open Vents (Freely Vented)API MPMS Ch. 19.2 and AP-42, Section 7.1.3.2.1, provide emission estimating methods for floating-roof tanks with open vents. The emission estimating method for floating-roof tanks given in API MPMS Ch. 19.2 is the same as that given in AP-42, Section 7.1.3.2, with the following exceptions:1) API MPMS Ch.19.2 specifies that the true vapor pressure of the stock is to be calculated from the average stock storage temperature (i.e. the liquid bulk temperature), wherea


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