1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 7Temperature DeterminationSection 2Portable Electronic ThermometersTHIRD EDITION, MAY 2018Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regul
2、ations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any liab
3、ility or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.Cla
4、ssified areas may vary depending on the location, conditions, equipment, and substances involved in any givensituation. Users of this standard should consult with the appropriate authorities having jurisdiction.Users of this standard should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this d
5、ocument. Sound business,scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them;
6、 however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication m
7、ayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formu
8、lation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train andequip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and saf
9、ety risks and precautions, nor undertaking theirobligations to comply with authorities having jurisdiction. Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials andconditions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of t
10、hat material, or the material safetydata sheet. Where applicable, authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted. Work sites and equipment operations maydiffer. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipment and premises in determining theappropriateness of applying the sta
11、ndard. At all times users should employ sound business, scientific, engineering,and judgment safety when using this standard. API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train andequip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health
12、 and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking theirobligations to comply with authorities having jurisdiction. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
13、otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2018 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication
14、 or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patents.The verbal forms used to express the provisions in
15、 this document are as follows.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in orderto conform to the specificationMay: As used in
16、 a standard, “may” denotes a course of action permissible within the limits of a standard.Can: As used in a standard, “can” denotes a statement of possibility or capability.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the de
17、velopmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petro
18、leumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any partof the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A
19、one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washingto
20、n, D.C. 20005.This standard, API MPMS Chapter 7.2, Third Edition, supersedes the following sections of API MPMS Chapter 7,Temperature Determination, First Edition (2001), which has been withdrawn:5.2Portable Electronic Thermometers (PETs)5.4Electronic Temperature Devices5.5Thermowells5.6Data Collect
21、ion, Data Transmission, and Receiving Equipment6.1Ambient Temperature6.4Portable Electronic Thermometers8.2Portable Electronic Thermometers (PETs)API MPMS Chapter 7.1, Temperature DeterminationLiquid-in-Glass Thermometers, Second Edition (2017)superseded the following sections of API MPMS Chapter 7,
22、 First Edition (2001), which has been withdrawn: 5.3Glass Thermometers5.5Thermowellsiii5.6Data Collection, Data Transmission, and Receiving Equipment6.1Ambient Temperature6.5Mercury-in-Glass Thermometers8.3Glass and Mercury-in-Glass Thermometer VerificationAPI MPMS Chapter 7.3, Temperature Determina
23、tionFixed Automatic Tank Temperature Systems, Second Edition(2011) superseded the following sections of API MPMS Chapter 7, First Edition (2001), which has been withdrawn:5.1Fixed Automatic Tank Thermometers (ATTs)5.5Thermowells5.6Data Collection, Data Transmission, and Receiving Equipment6.1Ambient
24、 Temperature6.3Fixed Automatic Tank Thermometers8.1Fixed Automatic Tank Thermometers (ATTs)9.1Fixed Automatic Tank ThermometersAPI MPMS Chapter 7.4, Temperature DeterminationDynamic Temperature Measurement, Second Edition (2018)superseded the following sections of API MPMS Chapter 7, First Edition (
25、2001), which has been withdrawn:5.5Thermowells5.6Data Collection, Data Transmission, and Receiving Equipment7Dynamic Temperature Measurement8.4Dynamic Verification and Calibration9.2Dynamic Temperature EquipmentSuggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API,
26、 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.ContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Terms, Definitions, and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Terms and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 General Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.1 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.2 Mercury Warning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.3 Equipment Preca
30、utions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Units of Measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Eq
31、uipment and Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.1 Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
32、6.2 Accuracy, Resolution, and Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.3 Stabilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、. . . . . 56.4 Cable and Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.5 Voltage Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.6 Additional Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.7 Thermowells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Procedures for Temperature Determination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67.2 Static Temperature Determination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77.3 Dynamic Temperature Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Accuracy Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.1 PET Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.2 PET Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.3 Requirements for a Reference Standard Thermometer. . . . . . . . .
39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138.4 Requirements for a Dry Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Inspection, Verification, and Calibration Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.1 General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.2 Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149.3 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169.4 Record Keeping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Annex A (informative) Mercury-in-Glass Thermometer Alternative Testing Phase IICalibration Devices . . 18Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Tables1 Positioning of Horizontal Thermowells in Pressurized Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Minimum Number of Temperature Measurements for Various Depths of Hydrocarbo
44、n Liquid in Storage, Lease, Ship, and Barge Tanks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Temperature Measurements for Horizontal Cylindrical Tanks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Typical Immersion Times for PETs . . . . . . . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 PET Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Allowable Tolerances for Operating P
46、ET versus Reference Standard Thermometer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Verification and Calibration Requirements for PETs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15vIntroductionThe purpose of this standard is to describe methods and practices that ma
47、y be used to obtain accurate temperaturemeasurements of petroleum and petroleum products in storage tanks, ships, and barges under static conditions bythe use of a portable electronic thermometer (PET). The use of PETs for dynamic measurement applications isprimarily covered in API MPMS Ch. 7.4; how
48、ever, guidance is provided in this standard on the device itself, includingpractices to ensure accuracy.Previous versions of this standard described various temperature methods and apparatuses. They did not give muchguidance on specific applications or methods of verification and certification, and
49、were oriented toward crude oil. Thisversion will include guidance on calibration, verification, and certification of equipment used in liquid petroleumproducts, refinery feedstocks, and renewable fuel products. Annex A is reference material for the user thatsynthesizes the methods described in this standard.Temperature has a significant impact on the volumetric determination of liquid quantities when correcting observedvolume to volume at standard conditions. As a result, the most accurate means for temperature determination shouldbe used. For custody transf
