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    API MPMS 10.2-2013 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 10.2 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation (THIRD EDITION)《石油计量标准手册.第10.2章.通过蒸馏法对原油中水的标准试.pdf

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    API MPMS 10.2-2013 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 10.2 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation (THIRD EDITION)《石油计量标准手册.第10.2章.通过蒸馏法对原油中水的标准试.pdf

    1、Manual of PetroleumMeasurement StandardsChapter 10.2Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by DistillationTHIRD EDITION, AUGUST 2013Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulat

    2、ions should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any liabil

    3、ity or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants, or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API p

    4、ublications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclai

    5、ms any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. The

    6、se publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer

    7、marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.U

    8、sers of this Standard should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business,scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.Where applicable, authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted.Work sites a

    9、nd equipment operations may differ. Users are solely responsible for assessing their specific equipmentand premises in determining the appropriateness of applying the instructions. At all times users should employ soundbusiness, scientific, engineering, and judgment safety when using this Standard.A

    10、PI is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train andequip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking theirobligations to comply with authorities having jurisdiction.Information

    11、concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and condi-tions should be obtained from the employer, the manufacturer or supplier of that material, or the material safety datasheet.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated

    12、, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2013 American Petroleum I

    13、nstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insurin

    14、g anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “should” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in orderto conform to

    15、the specification.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questio

    16、ns concerning the procedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any partof the material published herein s

    17、hould also be addressed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, tele

    18、phone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 S

    19、cope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Referenced Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Summary of Test Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Solvent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Sampling, Test Samples, and Test Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Calculation . .

    24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Precision and Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Annex A1 (Mandatory Information) Warning Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Appendix X1 (Nonmandatory Information) Precision and Bias of Test Methods for Determining

    27、Water in Crude Oils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    28、. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Figures1 Distilation Apparatus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Pick, Scraper, and Jet Spray Tube for Distillation Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Basic Sediment and Water Precision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5X1.1 Basic Sediment Water Precision for ASTM Test Method D95 (API MPMS Chapter 10.5) Distillation Method (Based on Seven

    30、Laboratories) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9X1.2 Basic Sediment and Water Precision for ASTM Test Method D1796 (API MPMS Chapter 10.6) Centrifuge Method (Based on Five Laboratories) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

    31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10X1.3 Basic Sediment and Water Precision for ASTM Test Method D1796 (API MPMS Chapter 10.6) Centrifuge Method (Based on Six Laboratories) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10TablesX1.1 Base CaseWater Content of Crude

    32、s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6X1.2 Water Content of Crude Oil Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6X1.3 Determination of Water in Crude O

    33、ils, % H2O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7X1.4 Corrections to be Applied to Measured Values to Obtain “True” Water Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7X1.5 Bias of Test Methods Estimated from Spiked Samples . . . . . . . .

    34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7X1.6 Round-Robin Results of Water in Crude Oils by ASTM D95 (API MPMS Chapter 10.5) and ASTM D1796 (API MPMS Chapter 10.6). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8X1.7 ASTM Pr

    35、ecision Intervals: ASTM D95 (API MPMS Chapter 10.5) (7 Laboratories) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9vDesignation: D4006 11 (Reapproved 2012)1Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 10.2Standard Test Method forWater in Crude Oil by Distillation1This standard is issued under th

    36、e fixed designation D4006; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the la

    37、st revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTEAPI information was editorially corrected in June 2013.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of water incrude oil by distillation.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to

    38、be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and

    39、determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 6.1 and A1.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by Distillation (API MPMS Chapter10.5)D473 Test Method for Sediment

    40、 in Crude Oils and Fuel Oilsby the Extraction Method (API MPMS Chapter 10.1)D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure) (APIMPMS Chapter 10.6)

    41、D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.1)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.2)D4928 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by CoulometricKarl Fischer Titration (API MPMS Chapter 10.9)E123 Specif

    42、ication forApparatus for Determination ofWaterby Distillation2.2 API Standards:MPMS Chapter 8.1 Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4057)MPMS Chapter 8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4177)MPMS Chapter 10.1 Test Method for Sedime

    43、nt in CrudeOils and Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method (ASTM TestMethod D473)MPMS Chapter 10.4 Determination of Water and/or Sedi-ment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (FieldProcedure)MPMS Chapter 10.5 Test Method for Water in PetroleumProducts and Bituminous Materials by Distillation(ASTM Test

    44、 Method D95)MPMS Chapter 10.6 Test Method for Water and Sediment inFuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Proce-dure) (ASTM Test Method D1796)MPMS Chapter 10.9 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils byCoulometric Karl Fischer Titration (ASTM Test MethodD4928)3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The sam

    45、ple is heated under reflux conditions with awater immiscible solvent which co-distills with the water in thesample. Condensed solvent and water are continuously sepa-rated in a trapthe water settles in the graduated section of thetrap, and the solvent returns to the distillation flask.4. Significanc

    46、e and Use4.1 A knowledge of the water content of crude oil isimportant in the refining, purchase, sale, or transfer of crudeoils.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and the API Committee on Petroleum Measure-ment and is the direct res

    47、ponsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ on Hydro-carbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API).Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D400611. DOI:10.1520/D4006-11R12.2For referenced ASTM stand

    48、ards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Interna

    49、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.2 This test method may not be suitable for crude oils thatcontain alcohols that are soluble in water. In cases where theimpact on the results may be significant, the user is advised toconsider using another test method, such as Test MethodD4928 (API MPMS Chapter 10.9).5. Apparatus5.1 The preferred apparatus, shown in Fig. 1, consists of aglass distillation flask, a condenser, a graduated glass trap,3anda heater. Other types of distillation apparatus are specified inSpecification E123


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