1、BSI Standards Publication PD ISO/TS 19130-2:2014 Geographic information Imagery sensor models for geopositioning Part 2: SAR, InSAR, lidar and sonarPD ISO/TS 19130-2:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 19130-2:2014. The UK participatio
2、n in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/36, Geographic information. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible
3、for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 76144 7 ICS 35.240.70 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standar
4、ds Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD ISO/TS 19130-2:2014 ISO 2014 Geographic information Imagery sensor models for geopositioning Part 2: SAR, InSAR, lidar and sonar Information gographique Modles de capteurs dimages de goposi
5、tionnement Partie 2: SAR, InSAR, lidar et sonar TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19130-2 First edition 2014-01-15 Reference number ISO/TS 19130-2:2014(E)PD ISO/TS 19130-2:2014ISO/TS 19130-2:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwi
6、se specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address bel
7、ow or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandPD ISO/TS 19130-2:2014ISO/TS 19130-2:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Co
8、ntents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references 1 4 T erms and definitions . 2 5 Symbols and abbreviations 12 5.1 Symbols 12 5.2 Abbreviated terms 17 5.3 Notation .18 6 Sensor Model Extensions 19 6.1 Introduction .19 6.2 SE_SensorModel 19 6.3 SE_Dynamics 1
9、9 6.4 SE_PlatformDynamics 20 7 R efinement of S AR ph y sical sensor model 20 7.1 Introduction .20 7.2 SE_SAROperation .21 8 Interferometric SAR .22 8.1 Introduction .22 8.2 InSAR geometry 22 8.3 Interferometric SAR operation.24 9 Lidar physical sensor model .26 9.1 Description of sensor .26 9.2 Inf
10、ormation required for geolocating 27 10 Sonar physical sensor model 28 10.1 Description of sensor .28 10.2 Information required for geolocating 32 11 Aerial triangulation 36 11.1 Introduction .36 11.2 SE_AerialTriangulation .37 11.3 SE_ATObservations .37 11.4 SE_ATOtherResults .38 11.5 SE_ATUnknowns
11、 .39 Annex A (normative) Conformance and testing .40 Annex B (normative) Data dictionary 42 Annex C (informative) S ynthetic apertur e r adar sensor model metadata pr ofile supporting precise geopositioning 74 Annex D (informative) Lidar sensor model metadata pr ofile supporting pr ecise geoposition
12、ing 98 Annex E (informative) S onar sensor model metadata pr ofile supporting precise geopositioning 129 Bibliography .151PD ISO/TS 19130-2:2014ISO/TS 19130-2:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member
13、bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
14、and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
15、 described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives Attention is drawn t
16、o the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the
17、ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as we
18、ll as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics. ISO/TS 19130 consists of the following
19、 parts, under the general title Geographic information Imagery sensor models for geopositioning: Geographic information Imagery sensor models for geopositioning Part 2: Geographic information Imagery sensor models for geopositioning Part 2: SAR, InSAR, lidar and sonariv ISO 2014 All rights reservedP
20、D ISO/TS 19130-2:2014ISO/TS 19130-2:2014(E) Introduction The purpose of this Technical Specification is to specify the geolocation information that an imagery data provider shall supply in order for the user to be able to find the earth location of the data using a detailed physical sensor model for
21、 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Light Detection And Ranging (lidar) and Sound Navigation And Ranging (sonar). The intent is to standardize sensor descriptions and specify the minimum geolocation metadata requirements for data providers and geopositioning imagery systems. Observations in this docume
22、nt are the generic meaning of the word; observations are not in the meaning of ISO 19156 observations. Vast amounts of data from imaging systems have been collected, processed and distributed by government mapping and remote sensing agencies and by commercial data vendors. In order for this data to
23、be useful in extraction of geographic information, further processing of the data are needed. Geopositioning, which determines the ground coordinates of an object from image coordinates, is a fundamental processing step. Because of the diversity of sensor types and the lack of a common sensor model
24、standard, data from different producers may contain different parametric information, lack parameters required to describe the sensor that produces the data, or lack ancillary information necessary for geopositioning and analysing the data. Often, a separate software package must be developed to dea
25、l with data from each individual sensor or data producer. Standard sensor models and geolocation metadata allow agencies or vendors to develop generalized software products that are applicable to data from multiple data producers or from multiple sensors. With such standards, different producers can
26、 describe the geolocation information of their data in the same way, thus promoting interoperability of data between application systems and facilitating data exchange. Part 1 provided a location model and metadata relevant to all sensors. It also included metadata specific to whiskbroom, pushbroom,
27、 and frame sensors, and some metadata for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors. In addition, it provided metadata for functional fit geopositioning, whether the function was part of a correspondence model or a true replacement model. It also provided a schema for these metadata elements. Comments
28、on Part 1 stated that metadata needed to be specified for additional sensors. The technology of such sensors has now become sufficiently mature that standardization is now possible. This Technical Specification extends the specification of the set of metadata elements required for geolocation by pro
29、viding physical sensor models for LIght Detection And Ranging (lidar) and SOund Navigation And Ranging (sonar), and it presents a more detailed set of elements for SAR. This Technical Specification also defines the metadata needed for the aerial triangulation of airborne and spaceborne images. This
30、Technical Specification also provides a schema for all of these metadata elements. ISO 2014 All rights reserved vPD ISO/TS 19130-2:2014PD ISO/TS 19130-2:2014Geographic information Imagery sensor models for geopositioning Part 2: SAR, InSAR, lidar and sonar 1 Scope This Technical Specification suppor
31、ts exploitation of remotely sensed images. It specifies the sensor models and metadata for geopositioning images remotely sensed by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), LIght Detection And Ranging (lidar), and SOund Navigation And Ranging (sonar) sensors.
32、 The specification also defines the metadata needed for the aerial triangulation of airborne and spaceborne images. This Technical Specification specifies the detailed information that shall be provided for a sensor description of SAR, InSAR, lidar and sonar sensors with the associated physical and
33、geometric information necessary to rigorously construct a Physical Sensor Model. For the case where precise geoposition information is needed, this Technical Specification identifies the mathematical formulae for rigorously constructing Physical Sensor Models that relate two-dimensional image space
34、to three- dimensional ground space and the calculation of the associated propagated error. This Technical Specification does not specify either how users derive geoposition data or the format or content of the data the users generate. 2 Conformance This Technical Specification specifies 5 conformanc
35、e classes. There is one conformance class for each type of sensor. Any set of geopositioning information claiming conformance to this Technical Specification shall satisfy the requirements for at least one conformance class as specified in Table 1. The requirements for each class are shown by the pr
36、esence of an X in the boxes for all clauses in the application test suite (ATS) required for that class. If the requirement is conditional, the box contains a C. The conditions are defined in the corresponding UML models. Table 1 Conformance classes Section of this part of ISO 19130 A.1.1 A.1.2 A.1.
37、3 A.2 A.3 A.4 A.5 A.6 Conformance Class SAR X C X InSAR X C X Lidar X X X X Sonar X X X X Aerial triangulation X C X 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated ref
38、erences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19130-2:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/TS 19130-2:2014ISO/TS 19130-2:2014(E) ISO/TS 19103:2005, Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO 19107:2003, Ge
39、ographic information Spatial schema ISO 19108:2002, Geographic information Temporal schema ISO 19111:2007, Geographic information Spatial referencing by coordinates ISO 19115-1:2014, Geographic information Metadata Part 1: Fundamentals ISO 19115-2:2009, Geographic information Metadata Part 2: Extens
40、ions for imagery and gridded data ISO 19123:2005, Geographic information Schema for coverage geometry and functions ISO 19157:2013, Geographic information Data quality ISO/TS 19130:2010, Geographic information Imagery sensor models for geopositioning 4 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of th
41、is document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 active sensor sensor (4.66) that generates the energy that it uses to perform the sensing 4.2 active sonar type of active sensor (4.1) that transmits sound waves into the water and receives the returned waves echoed from objects in the wate
42、r 4.3 adjustable model parameters model parameters that can be refined using available additional information, such as ground control points, to improve or enhance modeling corrections SOURCE: ISO/TS 19130:2010, 4.2 4.4 ARP aperture reference point 3D location of the centre of the synthetic aperture
43、 Note 1 to entry: It is usually expressed in ECEF coordinates in metres. SOURCE: ISO/TS 19130:2010, 4.4 4.5 area recording instantaneously recording an image in a single frame (4.22) 4.6 attitude orientation of a body, described by the angles between the axes of that bodys coordinate system and the
44、axes of an external coordinate system SOURCE: ISO 19116:2004, 4.22 ISO 2014 All rights reservedPD ISO/TS 19130-2:2014ISO/TS 19130-2:2014(E) 4.7 attribute named property of an entity SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-17:1999, 17.02.12 4.8 azimuth resolutionresolution (4.60) in the cross-range direction Note 1 to
45、entry: This is usually measured in terms of the impulse response of the SAR sensor (4.66) and processing system. It is a function of the size of the synthetic aperture, or alternatively the dwell time (e.g. larger aperture - longer dwell time - better resolution). SOURCE: ISO/TS 19130:2010, 4.7 4.9
46、beam widthuseful angular width of the beam of electromagnetic energy Note 1 to entry: For SAR, beam width is usually measured in radians and is the angular width between two points that have 1/2 of the power (3 dB below) of the centre of the beam. It is a property of the antenna. Power emitted outsi
47、de of this angle is too little to provide a usable return (4.62). Note 2 to entry: Angle, measured in a horizontal plane, between the directions on either side of the axis at which the intensity (4.37) of a beam of energy drops to a specified fraction of the value it has on the axis. SOURCE: ISO/TS
48、19130:2010, 4.8, modified Notes 1 and 2 have been added. 4.10 broadsidedirection orthogonal to the velocity vector (4.81) and parallel to the plane tangent to the Earths ellipsoid at the nadir point of the ARP (4.4) SOURCE: ISO/TS 19130:2010, 4.9 4.11 complex image first-level product produced by pr
49、ocessing SAR Phase History Data (4.48) 4.12 datum parameter or set of parameters that define the position of the origin, the scale, and the orientation of a coordinate system SOURCE: ISO 19111:2007, 4.14 4.13 depression angle vertical angle from the platform horizontal plane to the slant range direction (4.56), usually measured at the ARP (4.4) Note 1 to entry: Approximately the complement of the look angle (4.42). 4.14 Differential Global Navigational Satellite System enhancement to Glob
