1、PD ISO/TR 21704:2017 Toughness of round steel link chains Test with sub-size specimens BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TR 21704:2017. PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/TR 21704:2017 Th
2、e UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MHE/1, Chains and fittings. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are
3、 responsible for its correct application. ISBN 978 0 580 94586 1 ICS 53.020.30 The British Standards Institution 2017. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2017. Amendments and
4、Corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected ISO 2017 Toughness of round steel link chains Test with sub-size specimens Tnacit de la chanes en acier rond Essai avec les prouvettes sous-dimensionnes TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 21704 Reference number ISO/TR 21704:2017(E) First edition 2017-02 PD
5、 ISO/TR 21704:2017 ISO/TR 21704:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mecha
6、nical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, S
7、witzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org PD ISO/TR 21704:2017 ISO/TR 21704:2017(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Abbreviated terms 1 5 Target objective . 2 6 Chain manufacturers 2 7 Tested chain
8、 steels 2 8 Equipment, specimen geometry and sampling 3 9 Results . 4 9.1 Notch impact energy temperature of the tested steels 4 9.2 Comparison of the test results and test equipment of manufacturer 1 and manufacturer 2 . 4 9.3 Conversion of the characteristic values determined at sub-size notch imp
9、act specimens . 4 9.4 Validation of the conversion 5 9.5 Scatter of the notch impact energy values determined with sub-size specimens 5 9.6 Brittle fracture transition temperature . 6 10 Specimen extension . 7 10.1 Laser welding . 7 10.2 Friction welding . 7 10.3 Extended super sub-size notch impact
10、 specimens 7 11 Derivation of the toughness criteria for characteristic values determined with sub- size notch impact specimens . 8 12 Characteristic values of the round steel link chains from manufacturer M3 and M4 9 12.1 Manufacturer M3. 9 12.2 Manufacturer M4. 9 13 Characteristic values of the su
11、b-size notch impact specimens, temperature and notch impact energy . 9 14 Requirements to the characteristic toughness values of the sub-size and the super sub-size notch impact specimens 10 15 Status of international standardization 11 Annex A (informative) Figures .12 Bibliography .43 ISO 2017 All
12、 rights reserved iii Contents Page PD ISO/TR 21704:2017 ISO/TR 21704:2017(E)Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
13、technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates clo
14、sely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria
15、 needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www. iso. org/ directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
16、 patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www. iso. org/ patents). Any trade n
17、ame used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (W
18、TO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso. org/ iso/ foreword. html This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 111, Round steel link chains, chain slings, components and accessories, Subcommittee SC 1, Chains and chain slings. iv ISO 2017 A
19、ll rights reserved PD ISO/TR 21704:2017 ISO/TR 21704:2017(E) Introduction This document provides the results of testing on the toughness of round steel chains. In an initial study programme, the fundamental effects on the load bearing capacity of round steel chains were examined. The material streng
20、th and material toughness along with the temperature were incorporated in the tests. The tests were conducted on chains 16 x 48 and the specimens taken from these. To determine the toughness of sub-size round steel link chains, the required tests were performed with sub-size notch impact specimens t
21、hat were taken from the unwelded legs of the chains. The safety of round steel link chains was examined in detail in a load bearing concept and in a brittle fraction transition temperature concept, see Figure A.1. Temperatures and minimum notch impact energy values were determined using fracture mec
22、hanics methods, with the aim of ensuring sufficient load bearing capacity for a damaged chain at design temperature. These tests and their results are documented in ISO/TR 23602. ISO 2017 All rights reserved v PD ISO/TR 21704:2017 Toughness of round steel link chains Test with sub-size specimens 1 S
23、cope This document contains investigations and investigation results on toughness of round steel link chains, tested with sub-size specimens. It applies to round steel link chains for hand operated chain hoists of grade TH and VH and for sling chains used for chain slings of grade 8. NOTE 1 Associat
24、ed International Standards are ISO 16877, ISO 16872 and ISO 3076. In future it is intended to implement the results on toughness derived in this document in new standards. Eleven steels, provided by four manufacturers, were tested to find a test regime on sub-size specimens and requirements on the n
25、otch impact toughness values at design temperature which resulted out of the tests. These requirements are adjusted to the toughness values of full size ISO-V specimens. NOTE 2 The requirements are also valid for other cross sections of the chain than round. 2 Normative references There are no norma
26、tive references in this document. 3 T erms a nd definiti ons No terms and definitions are listed in this document. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsin
27、g platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp 4 Abbreviated terms (Bb) full width x height of the ligament of full size ISO-V specimens (Bb) sub width x height of the ligament of sub-size specimens C 1 , C 2 correlation factors of the cross section of sub-size to full size specimens DBTT fu
28、ll-size ductile-brittle transition temperature calculated for full size ISO-V specimens DBTT sub-size ductile-brittle transition temperature tested with sub-size specimens E D design energy at T D(design notch impact energy at T D ) E full calculated energy of full size ISO-V specimens Ei energy upo
29、n reaching the maximum force in the instrumented notch impact test Ei sub Ei of sub-size specimens Ep energy component after exceeding the maximum force in the instrumented notch impact test Ep sub Ep of sub-size specimens E tot total energy: Ei + Ep TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 21704:2017(E) ISO 2017 Al
30、l rights reserved 1 PD ISO/TR 21704:2017 ISO/TR 21704:2017(E) FATT fracture appearance transition temperature; temperature at which the 50 % NCA occurs NCA non crystalline area of fracture surface; ductile fracture component of the frac - ture surface SUS sub-size notch impact specimen SSUS super su
31、b-size notch impact specimen T D design temperature T NDT nil ductility transition temperature; brittle fracture transition temperature, refer- ence value from Pellini tests, in the instrumented notch impact test determined with the crack arresting force (see ISO/TR 23602) T (USE) temperature at (US
32、E); temperature at half upper shelf notch impact energy USE upper shelf energy; upper shelf notch impact energy slope of regression curve for the calculation of DBTT full-size calculated shift of temperatures associated with the energy values, sub-size to full size specimens ( C) 5 Target objective
33、The toughness characteristic values determined with sub-size notch impact specimens are very small in absolute terms (5 J) and differ only to a minor extent. As a result, a transition function of the characteristic values determined at the sub-size specimens had to be derived to the values of standa
34、rd ISO-V specimens. The aim was therefore to transfer the toughness requirements obtained for standard ISO-V specimens in ISO/TR 23602 at the lowest permissible application temperature of the corresponding chains to characteristic values of the sub-size specimens. Only in this way the aim of evaluat
35、ing the chain safety can be attained with sub-size specimen characteristic values. 6 Chain manufacturers Four chain manufacturers took part in the tests in respect to the toughness of round steel link chains. The results from three manufacturers were incorporated in this report. These are as follows
36、: Manufacturer 1: Symbol R Manufacturer 2: Symbol K Manufacturer 3: Symbol M3 Manufacturer 4: Symbol M4 7 Tested chain steels The following different chain steels, provided by four manufacturers, were included in these toughness tests. T (R) NiCrMo-alloyed steel with high upper shelf energy and very
37、 low brittle fracture transition temperature, round steel link chains of grade 8 TH (R) Manganese-boron steel (MnB), round steel link chains of grade 8 VH (R) MnB-steel, model material, lower bound condition of upper shelf energy and high brittle fracture transition temperature, round steel link cha
38、ins of grade 102 ISO 2017 All rights reserved PD ISO/TR 21704:2017 ISO/TR 21704:2017(E) TH (K) MnB-steel, standard round steel link chains of grade 8 VH (K) MnB-steel, standard round steel link chains of grade 10 V* (R) NiCrMo-alloyed chain steel with excellent low-temperature toughness, round steel
39、 link chains of a material with an ultimate tensile strength higher than 1500 MPa The chain steels used by manufacturer M3 involve Grade 8 NiCrMo-alloyed steel Grade 10 NiCrMo-alloyed steel The chain steels used by manufacturer M4 involve Grade 8 MnB and NiCrMo-alloyed steel Grade 10 NiCrMo-alloyed
40、steel The chains and chain steels T (R), TH (R), VH (R) were already incorporated in the fracture mechanics tests, ISO/TR 23602. These steels comprise a wide range of toughness with different material strength, in particular in the transition area of the notch impact energy temperature curves. 8 Equ
41、ipment, specimen geometry and sampling The standard notch impact specimens (ISO-V) were tested in a pendulum impact testing machine with a maximum fall energy of 300 J, see Figure A.2. The peen of the hammer is instrumented with a strain gauge for determining the force-time curve, see Figure A.3. Th
42、e integration yields the force- displacement curve whose integral is the fracture energy (notch impact energy) corresponding to the tested specimen. The test results (notch impact energy values) were read off directly at the drag pointer of the pendulum impact testing machine and in addition were de
43、termined by calculating the notch impact energy from the force-displacement curve. The measuring amplifier and the entire data logging system for recording the force-time progression were calibrated before each test series. A pendulum impact testing machine with a maximum energy of 15 J was used for
44、 testing the sub-size notch impact specimen, see Figure A.4a). Here too, the hammer peen was instrumented with strain gauges, see Figure A.4b) and Figure A.4e). The anvil of the pendulum impact testing machine is shown in Figure A.4c). The amplifier and entire data logging system were calibrated bef
45、ore each test series, see Figure A.4d). During the tests on this pendulum impact testing machine, two energy values each were also determined: read off from the drag pointer and calculated from the force-displacement curve. The specimens were either heated or cooled in liquid nitrogen in order to se
46、t different test temperatures. The required test temperature was monitored using thermocouples. Another option for determining the notch impact energy of sub-size specimens is provided by the drop weight test, see Figure A.5. Here too, the measuring system and amplifier were calibrated before each t
47、est series. It is not possible to read off the impact energy from a drag pointer with this test method. The value calculated via integration can only be utilized. The results of both test methods with sub-size specimens reveal a good correspondence, see Figures A.12 to A.14 and 9.2. To this end, the
48、 tests were conducted with the pendulum impact testing machine (R) and with the drop weight device (K). The notch impact specimens were taken from the unwelded legs of round steel link chain links. The specimen location in a chain link of dimension 16 x 48 and the specimen dimensions in accordance w
49、ith ISO 148-1 for the standard ISO-V specimens can be seen in Figure A.6. The same applies for the sub-size notch impact specimen in accordance with ISO 14556 in Figure A.7. The width of the ligament of the ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3 PD ISO/TR 21704:2017 ISO/TR 21704:2017(E) ISO-V specimen is 8 mm, that of the sub-size specimen only 3 mm. The ligament areas therefore differ correspondingly from 80 mm 2to 9 mm 2 . The small ligament area leads to extremely low energy values upon fracture of the sub-size specimen. A plane stre
