1、BSI Standards Publication Road vehicles Test procedures for evaluating child restraint system interactions with deploying air bags PD ISO/TR 14645:2015National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TR 14645:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Tec
2、hnical Committee AUE/15, Safety related to vehicles. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The Brit
3、ish Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 84008 1 ICS 43.040.80 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3
4、1 March 2015. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/TR 14645:2015 ISO 2015 Road vehicles Test procedures for evaluating child restraint system interactions with deploying air bags Vhicules routiers Mthodes dessais pour lvaluation des interactions
5、 des systmes de retenue pour enfants et des sacs gonflables en cours de dploiement TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 14645 Reference number ISO/TR 14645:2015(E) Second edition 2015-03-01 ISO/TR 14645:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015 All rights reserved. Unless other
6、wise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address b
7、elow or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland PD ISO/TR 14645:2015 ISO/TR 14645:2015(E)Foreword v Introduction vi 1 Scope .
8、 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Test device . 2 4.1 General . 2 4.2 Six-month-old infant dummies . 2 4.2.1 CRABI 6-month 2 4.3 Nine-month-old infant dummy . 2 4.3.1 P-3/4. 2 4.4 Twelve-month-old infant dummy . 2 4.4.1 CRABI 12-month 2 4.5 Three-year-old child dummies 2 4.5
9、.1 Three-year-old child Hybrid III . 2 4.5.2 P-3 . 2 4.5.3 Q-3 2 4.6 Six-year-old child dummies . 3 4.6.1 P-6 . 3 4.6.2 Hybrid-III six-year 3 4.6.3 Q-6 3 5 Instrumentation 3 5.1 Measurements . 3 5.2 CRABI 6-month and 12-month 3 5.3 P-3/4 nine-month . 3 5.4 Hybrid III three-year 3 5.5 P-3 three-year
10、4 5.6 Q-3 Three-year 4 5.7 Hybrid III six-year. 4 5.8 P-6 six-year . 5 5.9 Q-6 six-year 5 5.10 Dummy test temperature . 5 6 Sled pulse . 5 6.1 General . 5 6.2 Mild-severity crash pulse . 5 7 Static tests 6 7.1 General . 6 7.2 Test set-up . 6 8 Dynamic tests . 6 8.1 General . 6 8.2 Test set-up . 6 8.
11、3 Simulation of sensing time . 7 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents Page PD ISO/TR 14645:2015 ISO/TR 14645:2015(E)9 CR S c onfigur ations and dumm y c ombinations . 7 9.1 General . 7 9.2 Rear-facing CRSs 8 9.2.1 General 8 9.2.2 CRS configuration R1 . 8 9.2.3 CRS rear facing ISOFIX/LATCH confi
12、guration R2 8 9.2.4 CRS configuration R3 . 8 9.3 Laterally-positioned CRSs 9 9.3.1 General 9 9.3.2 CRS configuration L1 9 9.3.3 CRS configuration L2 9 9.3.4 ISOFIX/LATCH L3 .10 9.4 Forward-facing CRSs .10 9.4.1 General.10 9.4.2 CRS configuration F1 .10 9.4.3 CRS configuration F2 .10 9.4.4 CRS config
13、uration F3 .11 9.5 Boosters .11 9.5.1 General.11 9.5.2 CRS configuration B1 11 9.5.3 CRS configuration B2 11 9.5.4 CRS Configuration B3 12 10 Primary dummy measurements .12 11 CRABI fixtur e .12 Bibliography .15 iv ISO 2015 All rights reserved Contents Page PD ISO/TR 14645:2015 ISO/TR 14645:2015(E)
14、Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through techni
15、cal committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part
16、 in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different appr
17、oval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subje
18、ct of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). A
19、ny trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in
20、 the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword Supplementary information. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 36, Safety aspects and impact testing. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TR 14645:
21、1998), which has been technically revised. This document is published as a Technical Report, rather than as an International Standard, because of the general inexperience in testing the interaction between child restraint systems (CRS) and deploying air bags, and the lack of real-world accident data
22、. When statistically significant, real-word data are available, in which air bags have contacted a variety of child restraints, and there is more testing experience with this interaction, it may be appropriate to develop an International Standard. ISO 2015 All rights reserved v PD ISO/TR 14645:2015
23、ISO/TR 14645:2015(E) Introduction During its inflation process, an air bag generates a considerable amount of kinetic energy and, as a result, substantial forces can be developed between the deploying air bag and the child restraint system (CRS). (For background on air bag design and deployment, see
24、 References 1 and 2. With passenger air bags, laboratory tests have indicated that these forces can be sufficient to produce serious injury to the CRS occupant. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has recommended that rear-facing child restraints of current design be used only in the
25、rear seat of vehicles equipped with such air bags (see Reference 3). Even so, many children can be restrained in either rear- or forward-facing CRSs in the front seat of such vehicles, and the child and/or the CRS can interact with the air bag. These guidelines were developed to improve the understa
26、nding of such interactions and to aid in the assessment of future designs. A mild-severity crash pulse is described in this Technical Report. This pulse is not vehicle-specific, but represents general acceleration-time histories. This mild-severity pulse approximates a crash that would just deploy a
27、 typical air bag. This pulse is used to evaluate the effect of the energy of the deploying air bag when the CRS and dummy are exerting the least amount of inertial force in the forward direction, but the dummy and/or CRS is moved forward by that inertial force. This generic pulse or other vehicle- s
28、pecific pulses can be used as appropriate. Differences in shape between the generic and the vehicle- specific pulses are expected with corresponding differences expected in dummy responses. This Technical Report encourages the use of a wide range of test configurations and conditions, while recogniz
29、ing that the range of possible interactions is essentially limitless and beyond testing capability. Furthermore, measurements of primary importance for the various configurations are given in Table 1, but performance limits are not specified. References 4 to 9 give some background on human impact to
30、lerance and criteria, describe scaling techniques for different size occupants, and offer interpretations of dummy responses relative to human injury potential that can be helpful in the evaluation. These and additional background papers on air bag development and deployment can be found in Referenc
31、es 10 and 11.vi ISO 2015 All rights reserved PD ISO/TR 14645:2015 Road vehicles Test procedures for evaluating child restraint system interactions with deploying air bags 1 Scope This Technical Report describes dummies, procedures, and configurations that can be used to investigate the interactions
32、that occur between a deploying air bag and a Child Restraint System (CRS) that would have been considered properly installed and used in the outer and centre front passenger positions. Static tests can be used to sort CRS/air bag interaction on a comparative basis in either an actual or a simulated
33、vehicle environment. Systems that appear to warrant further testing can be subjected to an appropriate dynamic test at a speed near that needed to deploy an air bag or at a higher speed commonly used to evaluate CRS performance. No test matrix is specified at this time for evaluating either a CRS or
34、 an air bag during interaction with each other. Instead, engineering judgment based on prior experience with CRS and/or air bag testing should be used in selecting the tests to be conducted with each individual system. Such tests can be aimed not only at producing interactions with the most severe r
35、esults but also at identifying those conditions that produce the least interaction and/or satisfactory CRS performance results. Baseline tests to indicate the performance of a CRS in the absence of air bag deployment are also recommended for comparison purposes. 2 Normative references There are no n
36、ormative references. 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 rear-facing R child restraint that positions the child to face the rear of the vehicle 3.2 laterally-positioned L child restraint that positions a prone or supine child p
37、erpendicular to the direction of vehicle travel 3.3 forward-facing F child restraint that positions the child to face the front of the vehicle 3.4 booster B normally used to better position adult belt restraints on the child 3.5 ISOFIX/LATCH “plug-in” system designed for fitting child safety seats i
38、n cars quickly and with ease per ISO 13216 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 14645:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1 PD ISO/TR 14645:2015 ISO/TR 14645:2015(E) 4 Test device 4.1 General Five sizes of child dummies, from six-month to age six, are available for CRS/air bag investigations. However, the recom
39、mended dummies for use in this testing are listed in Reference 19. 4.2 Six -month-old infa nt dummies 4.2.1 CRABI 6-month With specifications from the SAE Infant dummy task group, a six-month size dummy has been developed that allows measurement of head, chest, and pelvic accelerations, as well as u
40、pper and lower neck and lumbar spine forces and moments. A special six-channel transducer has also been developed for use in any of the spinal locations. 4.3 Nine-month-old infant dummy 4.3.1 P-3/4 This dummy is specified in UN-ECE Regulation 44, annex 8, and has been incorporated without instrument
41、ation in 49 CFR, Part 572, subpart J. It has main-joint articulation and has provision for head and chest accelerometers and for modeling clay in the abdomen to detect penetration. A three-channel neck transducer has been developed for use with this dummy. 4.4 Twelve-month-old infant dummy 4.4.1 CRA
42、BI 12-month With specifications from the SAE Infant dummy task group, a twelve-month size dummy has been developed that allows measurement of head, chest, and pelvic accelerations, as well as upper and lower neck and lumbar spine forces and moments. 4.5 Three-year-old child dummies The standard chil
43、d dummy for FMVSS and CMVSS 213 testing is specified in 49 CFR Part 572, subpart C. This dummy has provision for head and chest accelerometers. Use of the “new” vinyl-covered fiberglass head, specified in part 572.16(a) (1), is recommended over the old head. 4.5.1 Three-year-old child Hybrid III Thi
44、s dummy was developed for passenger air bag testing (see Reference 16) by a task force of the SAE Human Biomechanics and Simulation Standards Committee and is commercially available. 4.5.2 P-3 This dummy is specified in UN-ECE Regulation 44, annex 8. It has main-joint articulation and provisions for
45、 head and chest accelerometers and for modelling clay in the abdomen to detect penetration. 4.5.3 Q-3 In 1993, the International Child Dummy Working Group started the development of a new series of child dummies as a successor to the P-series. This new series was called the Q-series. The development
46、 of the Q-series, directed by the International Child Dummy Working Group, resulted in a Q3 dummy in 1998, followed by the addition of the Q6 dummy in 1999, and the Q1 in 2000.2 ISO 2015 All rights reserved PD ISO/TR 14645:2015 ISO/TR 14645:2015(E) Part of the development of the Q-dummies has taken
47、place within the European Research programs CREST (see Reference 1) and CHILD (see Reference 2), both aimed at improving child safety in cars. 4.6 Six -y ear-old child d ummies 4.6.1 P-6 This dummy is specified in UN-ECE Regulation 44, annex 8. It has main-joint articulation and has provision for he
48、ad and chest accelerometers and for modelling clay in the abdomen to detect penetration. 4.6.2 Hy brid-III six -y ear This dummy was developed under a grant from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), with input from SAE committees, and allows measurement of head, chest, and pelvic accelerations; ne
49、ck, lumbar, and femur forces and moments; and chest displacement. 4.6.3 Q-6 The development of the Q-series, directed by the International Child Dummy Working Group, resulted in a Q3 dummy in 1998, followed by the addition of the Q6 dummy in 1999, and the Q1 in 2000. Part of the development of the Q-dummies has taken place within the European Research programs CREST (see Reference 1) and CHILD (see Reference 2), both aimed at improving child safety in cars. 5 Instrumentation 5.1 Measurements Measurements th
