1、BSI Standards Publication PD ISO/PAS 19450:2015 Automation systems and integration Object-Process MethodologyPD ISO/PAS 19450:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/PAS 19450:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Tec
2、hnical Committee AMT/5, Industrial architectures and integration frameworks. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its corre
3、ct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 87861 9 ICS 25.040.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and
4、 Strategy Committee on 31 December 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD ISO/PAS 19450:2015 ISO 2015 Automation systems and integration Object-Process Methodology Systmes dautomatisation et intgration Object-Process Methodology PUBLICLY AVAILABLE SPECIFICATION ISO/PAS 19450
5、First edition 2015-12-15 Reference number ISO/PAS 19450:2015(E)PD ISO/PAS 19450:2015ISO/PAS 19450:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or u
6、tilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copy
7、right office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgPD ISO/PAS 19450:2015ISO/PAS 19450:2015(E)Foreword vi Introduction vii 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4 Symbols 8 5 C
8、onformance 10 6 OPM principles and concepts .10 6.1 OPM modelling principles 10 6.1.1 Modelling as a purpose-serving activity.10 6.1.2 Unification of function, structure, and behaviour 11 6.1.3 Identifying functional value 11 6.1.4 Function versus behaviour.11 6.1.5 System boundary setting .12 6.1.6
9、 Clarity and completeness trade-off .12 6.2 OPM Fundamental concepts .12 6.2.1 Bimodal representation 12 6.2.2 OPM modelling elements .12 6.2.3 OPM things: objects and processes .13 6.2.4 OPM links: procedural and structural 13 6.2.5 OPM context management .14 6.2.6 OPM model implementation .14 7 OP
10、M thing syntax and semantics 15 7.1 Objects .15 7.1.1 Description .15 7.1.2 Representation .15 7.2 Processes .15 7.2.1 Description .15 7.2.2 Representation .16 7.3 OPM things 16 7.3.1 OPM thing defined .16 7.3.2 Object-process test 16 7.3.3 OPM thing generic properties .17 7.3.4 Default values of th
11、ing generic properties .18 7.3.5 Object states 18 8 OPM link syntax and semantics overview .20 8.1 Procedural link overview 20 8.1.1 Kinds of procedural links .20 8.1.2 Procedural link uniqueness OPM principle .20 8.1.3 State-specified procedural links 20 8.2 Operational semantics and flow of execut
12、ion control 20 8.2.1 The Event-Condition-Action control mechanism .20 8.2.2 Preprocess object set and postprocess object set 21 8.2.3 Skip semantics of condition versus wait semantics of non-condition links 21 9 Procedural links .22 9.1 Transforming links .22 9.1.1 Kinds of transforming links .22 9.
13、1.2 Consumption link .22 9.1.3 Result link .23 9.1.4 Effect link .23 9.1.5 Basic transforming links summary .23 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents PagePD ISO/PAS 19450:2015ISO/PAS 19450:2015(E)9.2 Enabling links 24 9.2.1 Kinds of enabling links 24 9.2.2 Agent and Agent Link . .24 9.2.3 Instru
14、ment and Instrument Link 25 9.2.4 Basic enabling links summary.26 9.3 State-specified transforming links 26 9.3.1 State-specified consumption link .26 9.3.2 State-specified result link 27 9.3.3 State-specified effect links 28 9.3.4 State-specified transforming links summary .30 9.4 State-specified e
15、nabling links .31 9.4.1 State-specified agent link 31 9.4.2 State-specified instrument link 32 9.4.3 State-specified enabling links summary 32 9.5 Control links .33 9.5.1 Kinds of control links 33 9.5.2 Event links 34 9.5.3 Condition links 40 9.5.4 Exception links .47 10 Structural links .48 10.1 Ki
16、nds of structural links .48 10.2 Tagged structural link 48 10.2.1 Unidirectional tagged structural link 48 10.2.2 Unidirectional null-tagged structural link 49 10.2.3 Bidirectional tagged structural link .49 10.2.4 Reciprocal tagged structural link49 10.3 Fundamental structural relations 50 10.3.1 K
17、inds of fundamental structural relations .50 10.3.2 Aggregation-participation relation link 51 10.3.3 Exhibition-characterization link .52 10.3.4 Generalization-specialization and inheritance .55 10.3.5 Classification-instantiation link .58 10.3.6 Fundamental structural relation link and tagged stru
18、ctural link summary61 10.4 State-specified structural relations and links .62 10.4.1 State-specified characterization relation link 62 10.4.2 State-specified tagged structural relations 63 11 Relationship cardinalities .67 11.1 Object multiplicity in structural and procedural links 67 11.2 Object mu
19、ltiplicity expressions and constraints.69 11.3 Attribute value and multiplicity constraints 71 12 Logical operators: AND, XOR, and OR .71 12.1 Logical AND procedural links 71 12.2 Logical XOR and OR procedural links .73 12.3 Diverging and converging XOR and OR links .74 12.4 State-specified XOR and
20、OR link fans .76 12.5 Control-modified link fans .77 12.6 State-specified control-modified link fans .77 12.7 Link probabilities and probabilistic link fans 79 13 Execution path and path labels 81 14 Context management with OPM 83 14.1 Completing the SD .83 14.2 Achieving model comprehension.83 14.2
21、.1 OPM refinement-abstraction mechanisms .83 14.2.2 Control (operational) semantics within an in-zoomed process context 87 14.2.3 OPM fact consistency principle 98 14.2.4 Abstraction ambiguity resolution for procedural links .99 iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/PAS 19450:2015ISO/PAS 19450:2015(
22、E)Annex A (normative) OPL formal syntax in EBNF 102 Annex B (informative) Guidance for OPM 121 Annex C (informative) Modelling OPM using OPM 124 Annex D (informative) OPM dynamics and simulation 157 Bibliography .163 ISO 2015 All rights reserved vPD ISO/PAS 19450:2015ISO/PAS 19450:2015(E) Foreword I
23、SO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical c
24、ommittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electr
25、otechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was dr
26、afted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
27、rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not con
28、stitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The
29、 committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration, Subcommittee SC 5, Interoperability, integration, and architectures for enterprise systems and automation applications.vi ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/PAS 19450:2015ISO/PAS 19450:201
30、5(E) Introduction Object-Process Methodology (OPM) is a compact conceptual approach, language, and methodology for modelling and knowledge representation of automation systems. The application of OPM ranges from simple assemblies of elemental components to complex, multidisciplinary, dynamic systems
31、. OPM is suitable for implementation and support by tools using information and computer technology. This Publicly Available Specification specifies both the language and methodology aspects of OPM in order to establish a common basis for system architects, designers, and OPM-compliant tool develope
32、rs to model all kinds of systems. OPM provides two semantically equivalent modalities of representation for the same model: graphical and textual. A set of hierarchically structured, interrelated Object-Process Diagrams (OPDs) constitutes the graphical model, and a set of automatically generated sen
33、tences in a subset of the English language constitutes the textual model expressed in the Object-Process Language (OPL). In a graphical-visual model, each OPD consists of OPM elements, depicted as graphic symbols, sometimes with label annotation. The OPD syntax specifies the consistent and correct w
34、ays to manage the arrangement of those graphically elements. Using OPL, OPM generates the corresponding textual model for each OPD in a manner that retains the constraints of the graphical model. Since the syntax and semantics of OPL are a subset of English natural language, domain experts easily un
35、derstand the textual model. OPM notation supports the conceptual modelling of systems with formal syntax and semantics. This formality serves as the basis for model-based systems engineering in general, including systems architecting, engineering, development, life cycle support, communication, and
36、evolution. Furthermore, the domain-independent nature of OPM opens system modelling to the entire scientific, commercial and industrial community for developing, investigating and analysing manufacturing and other industrial and business systems inside their specific application domains; thereby ena
37、bling companies to merge and provide for interoperability of different skills and competencies into a common intuitive yet formal framework. OPM facilitates a common view of the system under construction, test, integration, and daily maintenance, providing for working in a multidisciplinary environm
38、ent. Moreover, using OPM, companies can improve their overall, big-picture view of the systems functionality, flexibility in assignment of personnel to tasks, and managing exceptions and error recovery. System specification is extensible for any necessary detail, encompassing the functional, structu
39、ral and behavioural aspects of a system. One particular application of OPM is in the drafting and authoring of technical standards. OPM helps sketch the implementation of a standard and identify weaknesses in the standard to reduce, thereby significantly improving the quality of successive drafts. W
40、ith OPM, even as the model-based text of a system expands to include more details, the underlying model keeps maintaining its high degree of formality and consistency. This Publicly Available Specification provides a baseline for system architects and designers, who can use it to model systems conci
41、sely and effectively. OPM tool vendors can utilise the PAS as a formal standard specification for creating software tools to enhance conceptual modelling. This Publicly Available Specification provides a presentation of the normative text that follows the Extended Backus-Naur Form (EBNF) specificati
42、on of the language syntax. All elements are presented in Clauses 6 to 13 with only minimal reference to methodological aspects, Clause 14 presents the context management mechanisms related to in-zooming and unfolding. This specification utilizes several conventions for the presentation of OPM. Speci
43、fically, Arial bold font in text and Arial bold italic font in figure captions, table captions and headings distinguish label names for OPM objects, processes, states, and link tags. OPL reserved words are in Arial regular font with commas and periods in Arial bold font. Most figures contain both a
44、graphic image, the OPD portion, and a textual equivalent, the OPL portion. Because this is a language specification, the precise use of term definitions is essential and several terms in common use have particular meaning when using OPM. Clause B.6 explains other conventions for the use of OPM. Anne
45、x A presents the formal syntax for OPL, in EBNF form. ISO 2015 All rights reserved viiPD ISO/PAS 19450:2015ISO/PAS 19450:2015(E) Annex B presents conventions and patterns commonly used in OPM applications. Annex C presents aspects of OPM as OPM models. Annex D summarizes the dynamic and simulation c
46、apabilities of OPM. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of a patent concerning OPM as a modelling system given in Clauses 6 to 14. ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
47、 validity and scope of this patent right. The holder of this patent right has assured the ISO that he/she is willing to negotiate licences either free of charge or under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this respect, the statement of the
48、 holder of this patent right is registered with ISO. Information may be obtained from: Prof. Dov Dori Technion Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32000, Israel doriie.technion.ac.il Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
49、 patent rights other than those identified above. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO (www.iso.org/patents) and IEC (http:/ /patents.iec.ch) maintain on-line databases of patents relevant to their standards. Users are encouraged to consult the databases for the most up to date information concerning patents.viii ISO 2015 All rights reservedPD ISO/PAS 19450:2015PUBLICLY AVAILABLE SPECIFICATION ISO/PAS 19450:2015(E) Automation systems and integration Object-Process Methodology 1 Scope This Publicl
