1、BSI Standards Publication Information technology User interface component accessibility Part 21: Guidance on audio descriptions PD ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015National foreword T h i s P u b l i s h e d D o c u m e n t i s t h e U K i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f I S O / I E C T S 2 0 0 7 1 - 2 1 : 2 0
2、 1 5 . The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ICT/-/6, ICT Accessibility. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.
3、Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 87098 9 ICS 35.240.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the au
4、thority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2015. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015Information technology User interface component accessibility Part 21: Guidance on audio descriptions Technologi
5、es de linformation Accessibilit du composant interface utilisateur Partie 21: Directives sur les descriptions audio ISO/IEC TS 20071-21 First edition 2015-12-15 Reference number ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015(E) TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/IEC 2015 PD ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015 ii ISO/IEC 2015 All rights re
6、served COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or
7、 an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyri
8、ghtiso.org www.iso.org ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015(E) PD ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015 ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015(E)Foreword v Introduction vi 1 Scope . 1 2 T erms and definitions . 1 2.1 General terms . 2 2.2 Audio-specific terms 2 2.3 Language of presentation terms 3 2.4 Audio description production terms 4
9、 3 Framework and process considerations for audio description 5 3.1 General . 5 3.1.1 Alternate names for audio description . 5 3.1.2 Motivation for audio description and spoken subtitles . 5 3.2 Types of audio description . 5 3.2.1 Live audio description . 5 3.2.2 Pre-mixed audio description . 5 3.
10、2.3 Harmonious commentary 6 3.2.4 Extended audio description . 6 3.3 Creating audio description . 6 3.3.1 Narrator preparation . 6 3.3.2 Content genre and programme category 7 3.3.3 Scripting 7 3.3.4 Writer considerations 7 3.3.5 Recording . 7 3.3.6 Volume 7 3.3.7 Audio technician considerations 8 3
11、.3.8 Inclusion of consumers in the process of creating audio description . 8 3.3.9 Inclusion of consumers in evaluating audio description 8 3.4 Live audio description 8 3.4.1 Live narration considerations 8 3.4.2 Preparing for live narration 9 3.4.3 Narrator transitions in live audio 9 3.5 Pre-recor
12、ded descriptions .10 3.5.1 Creation of pre-mixed audio after main production process .10 3.5.2 Audio description team for pre-mixed audio .10 3.5.3 Evaluation of pre-mixed audio 10 3.5.4 Voices for pre-mixed audio 10 3.5.5 Sound engineering for pre-mixed audio .10 4 Guidance on audio description .10
13、 4.1 General considerations .10 4.1.1 User considerations10 4.1.2 Consistency across technologies .11 4.1.3 Consistency within a programme and series .11 4.1.4 Placement of descriptions 11 4.1.5 Use of pauses 11 4.2 Developing audio description .11 4.2.1 Clarity in audio description .11 4.2.2 Creati
14、vity in audio description .12 4.2.3 Narrating/reading audio description script .12 4.3 Styles of narration .13 4.3.1 Newsreader style 13 4.3.2 Commentator style 13 4.3.3 First person .13 4.3.4 Third person .14 ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents Page PD ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015 ISO/IEC TS
15、20071-21:2015(E)4.4 Levels of importance .14 4.4.1 Using importance levels .14 4.4.2 Essential information14 4.4.3 Significant information . .14 4.4.4 Helpful information 15 4.4.5 Irrelevant information .15 4.5 General guidance on descriptions .16 4.5.1 Description of sounds .16 4.5.2 Logos/credits/
16、titles .16 4.5.3 On-screen text .16 4.6 Guidance on identifying objects 16 4.6.1 Identifying objects .16 4.6.2 Describing colour .17 4.6.3 Describing visual effects .17 4.7 Guidance on identifying persons 17 4.7.1 Identifying characters or places by name .17 4.7.2 Physical appearance.18 4.7.3 Race/e
17、thnic origin .19 4.7.4 Gender-related 20 4.7.5 Disabilities 20 4.7.6 Age . 21 4.8 Guidance on relationships . .22 4.8.1 General guidance on explicit content 22 4.8.2 General guidance on relationships 22 4.8.3 Establishing place/setting/time of day .22 4.8.4 Interaction between animated characters/ob
18、jects and real actors 23 4.9 Guidance on parts of speech 23 4.9.1 Descriptive verbs 23 Bibliography .24 iv ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved PD ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015 ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotech
19、nical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical ac
20、tivity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical com
21、mittee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in a
22、ccordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent ri
23、ghts. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not const
24、itute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The c
25、ommittee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, SC 35, User interfaces. ISO/IEC 20071 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology User interface component accessibility: Part 11: Guidance for alternative text for images Technical S
26、pecification Part 21: Guidance on audio description Technical Specification ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved v PD ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015 ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015(E) Introduction This part of ISO/IEC 20071 provides audio description developers and practitioners with guidance in creating effective c
27、ontent describing audiovisual material in an auditory-only modality, the style or manner in which audio description is delivered, the audio description script and script time cues, in relation to the original content. The circumstances to which audio description applies include recorded video, broad
28、cast and broadband television, cinema, live or recorded drama, museum and art gallery exhibits, heritage tours, news, and comedies. Some of this content is static and unchanging, some is dynamic, some is expressed in a visual modality alone, and some in a combination of visual and auditory modalitie
29、s. An example of mainstream use of audio description techniques can be found in sports commentary. It can be enjoyed by diverse audiences and uses personalities, emotional expression, and reaction to content to express qualities of the original content. Audiovisual material is produced for people wh
30、o can see and hear. It is also typically produced in a specific language for a particular audience. Translations of the original auditory content and associated audio description can be provided in different languages. Providing audio description and translating into other languages can be beneficia
31、l to diverse users in diverse contexts, including persons who are blind or persons with low vision, persons with learning difficulties or cognitive impairments and, in the case of translation, persons who need the content to be in another language. Translating subtitles and other on-screen text and
32、providing those in auditory form can also be beneficial. Producing audio description can be thought of in a similar way to language translation in that it involves several kinds of subjective decisions, for example, the use of vocabulary, tone, speed, intonation, and expression. The accuracy and qua
33、lity that audio describers or script writers can achieve is determined by matching the factors above with the requirements of the original content. The creation and delivery of audio description based on the guidance in this part of ISO/IEC 20071 is not intended to interfere with or change the meani
34、ng of the original content, or the freedom of speech, expression, or opinion of rights holders. A further benefit of providing audio description can be the raising of awareness of barriers experienced by blind persons and persons with low vision and other beneficiaries in accessing audiovisual conte
35、nt. The use of this part of ISO/IEC 20071 can also help embed universal and inclusive designed media content production practices in educational programmes (such as film, theatre performances, museum and art gallery exhibits, and other media).vi ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved PD ISO/IEC TS 20071-2
36、1:2015 Information technology User interface component accessibility Part 21: Guidance on audio descriptions 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 20071 provides recommendations for describing audiovisual content in an auditory modality for use in recorded video presentations, broadcast television, cinema, l
37、ive or recorded drama, museum and art gallery exhibits, heritage tours, news, and comedies, regardless of the language and technology being used to transmit and present the recorded or live audiovisual content. NOTE 1 There are many secondary users of audio description, but the primary and intended
38、users of audio description are blind persons or persons with low vision and their friends and family. This part of ISO/IEC 20071 provides guidance on the subjective nature of creating audio description. It also provides guidance for audio description developers (script writers, voice narrators, and
39、organizations or groups responsible for delivering audio description) in faithfully and accurately representing audiovisual content. NOTE 2 It might not always be possible to provide an equivalent experience due to limitations in the amount of time available for audio description depending on the co
40、ntent being described. This part of ISO/IEC 20071 applies to describing audiovisual content and does not consider the devices or transmission mechanisms used to deliver the content or the audio description. These devices include, but are not limited to, televisions, computers, wireless devices, proj
41、ection equipment, DVD and home cinema equipment and other forms of user interface technology. Therefore, this part of ISO/IEC 20071 does not consider transcoding files for the various video outputs. NOTE 3 Technical matters of transmission and distribution are covered by other International Standard
42、s (e.g. MPEG standards and other technical international standards such as IEC 62731). This part of ISO/IEC 20071 provides guidance on how to approach user preferences, available styles and flexibility in approaches to audio description. It does not apply to static images contained in electronic doc
43、uments (see ISO/IEC 2007111 for guidance on text alternatives for images). It applies to auditory presentations intended to be transmitted or delivered simultaneously to the original audiovisual content. NOTE 4 Limitations experienced by broadcasters or people in synchronous environments might be re
44、duced online or in asynchronous environments. 2 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015(E) ISO/IEC 2015 All rights reserved 1 PD ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015 ISO/IEC TS 20071-21:2015(E) 2.1 Ge
45、neral terms 2.1.1 audiovisual contentvisual and/or auditory element of recorded video presentations, live performances, or static or dynamic events to which audio description applies Note 1 to entry: This generic term is used where only the visual modality might apply, for example, in art gallery or
46、 museum exhibits. Note 2 to entry: The range of circumstances to which this term applies includes recorded video presentations, broadcast and broadband television, cinema, live or recorded drama, museum and art gallery exhibits, heritage tours, news, and comedies. 2.1.2 video (recorded)combination o
47、f auditory and visual content intended to be presented together in a synchronized manner 2.1.3 programmecomplete unit of a recorded or live video broadcast 2.1.4 programme categoryclassification of programmes Note 1 to entry: Some programme categories include documentary, news and information, and d
48、rama. Note 2 to entry: Programme categories are not necessarily mutually exclusive. 2.1.5 genreclassification of a film, programme, drama or an event from an artistic perspective Note 1 to entry: Genres include, but are not limited to, history, action, horror, romance, and comedy. Note 2 to entry: P
49、rogramme genres are not necessarily mutually exclusive. 2.1.6 creativecreation and addition of new original content to existing content 2.1.7 harmonynatural fit between the audio description script and its delivery and the original content 2.2 A udio-specific t erms 2.2.1 audio track auditory components of a video other than audio description components 2.2.2 audio description descriptive audio Note 1 to entry: Audiovisual content is described in an auditory modality. Note 2 to entry: Audio description can be used to describe so
