1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CEN/TR 13233:2007 Incorporating corrigendum no. 1 Advanced technical ceramics Notations and symbols ICS 01.060; 01.075; 81.060.30 PD CEN/TR 13233:2007 This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2007 BSI 200
2、7 ISBN 978 0 580 60823 0 National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 13233:2007. It supersedes DD ENV 13233:2000 which is withdrawn. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags . Text altered by CEN corrigendum O
3、ctober 2007 is indicated in the text by . The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include
4、all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 17519 Corrigendum No. 1 31 December 2007 See national foreword. Change to the identifier on the PD CEN/TR front cover, PD CEN/TR inside front cove
5、r and PD CEN/TR back pageTECHNICALREPORT RAPPORTTECHNIQUE TECHNISCHERBERICHT CEN/TR13233 February2007 ICS01.060;01.075;81.060.30 SupersedesENV13233:1998Incorporating corrigendum October 2007 EnglishVersion AdvancedtechnicalceramicsNotationsandsymbols CramiquestechniquesavancesNotationsetsymboles Hoc
6、hleistungskeramikBenennungenundFormelzeichen ThisTechnicalReportwasapprovedbyCENon25December2006.IthasbeendrawnupbytheTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC184. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ire
7、land,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,P ortugal, Romania,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2007CEN All
8、rightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.CEN/TR13233:2007:EContents Page Foreword. 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references. 4 3 Symbols, units and notations 4 3.1 General symbols. 4 3.2 Symbols and notations specific to ceramic matrix composites 4 3.3 Symb
9、ols, definitions and units 7 Bibliography . 17 CEN/TR 13233:2007 2Foreword This document (CEN/TR 13233:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
10、this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes ENV 13233:1998. CEN/TR 13233:2007 31 Scope This Technical Report defines the symbols to be used to represent physical, mechanica
11、l and thermal characteristics, as determined by methods described in relevant CEN publications, for advanced technical ceramics, including ceramic matrix composites. It is a guide for writing the symbols of quantities of these materials to avoid confusion in reporting measurements and characteristic
12、s of products. Where possible, the definitions are in accordance with the relevant parts of ISO 31 and ISO 80000. In addition the symbols used in undertaking measurements of these characteristics are also defined. 2 Normative references Not applicable. 3 Symbols, units and notations 3.1 General symb
13、ols Contrary to monolithic materials, continuous fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composites show a directional dependence in their thermal and mechanical properties, because of their anisotropic nature. A specific set of standards different from those for monolithic materials is required in order to
14、 characterize these properties, both at room temperature and at the anticipated high application temperatures. To allow adequate representation of the directional dependence, a notation convention is needed to identify the reinforcement directions in a right-hand orthogonal coordinate system for pur
15、poses of sampling test pieces and for the presentation of results. 3.2 Symbols and notations specific to ceramic matrix composites The use of the subscripts 1, 2, 3 attached to the symbols used for mechanical properties makes it possible to define the mechanical characteristics of a material along o
16、ne of its principal directions. The use of the subscripts (12, 13, 23) attached to the symbols used for mechanical properties makes it possible to give a material characteristics in one of the principal planes, for example: 1,t,m: tensile strength in the 1 direction; G 12 : shear modulus in the 12 p
17、lane. Figures 1 to 4 give examples of denotation on long fibre ceramic matrix composite materials. CEN/TR 13233:2007 4 3 2 1Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a 1D material (see 3.2 for reference to axes 1, 2 and 3) 3 2 1Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a 2D material (see 3.2 for reference to axes 1, 2 and
18、3) CEN/TR 13233:2007 5 Figure 3 Schematic diagram of an xD (2 x 3) material 1 2 3Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a 3D material (see 3.2 for reference to axes 1, 2 and 3) CEN/TR 13233:2007 6 3.3 Symbols, definitions and units Tables 1 to 4 give symbols, definitions and units generally used for quantiti
19、es referred to in standards for advanced technical ceramics. NOTE The quantities listed are referred to in the standards given in the final column of each table, although it is possible that the corresponding symbols have not been used. In this case, it is anticipated that they will be incorporated
20、in the next revision of the standard. CEN/TR 13233:2007 7Table 1 Symbols related to physical quantities Physical quantities Quantity Symbol Definition Unit Remark Relevant EN, ENV or CEN/TS Density Ratio of the mass of a body to its volume kg/m 3Applies to true density of powders 623-2, 725-7, 1159-
21、2 Apparent density aRatio of the mass of the body to its total volume kg/m 3 Applies to compacted powders 725-10 Bulk density bRatio of the mass of the dry material of a porous body to its volume kg/m 3Applies also to tapped bulk density of powders 623-2, 725-8, 1389 Linear density t Ratio of the ma
22、ss of a multifilament tow to its length Tex Tex is the mass in grams per 1 000 m 1007-2 Porosity P Ratio of the total volume of pores in a porous body to its total volume - 623-2, 1389 Apparent porosity P aRatio of the volume of open pores to total volume - 623-2, 1389 Grain size g mli Mean linear i
23、ntercept grain size determined either by the line or circle method applied to micrographs of polished cross-sections m 623-2 Phase volume fraction V f,j Fractional volume of phase of type j determined from micrographs of polished cross-sections - 623-5 CEN/TR 13233:2007 8Table 2 Symbols related to g
24、eometrical quantities of test pieces Geometrical quantities Quantity Symbol Definition Unit Remark Relevant EN, ENV or CEN/TS Length Total length l, l tTotal length of the test piece mm 843-1, 843-2 Initial length l 0 Initial length of test piece in thermal expansion measurement mm 821-1 Gauge lengt
25、h L 0Initial distance between reference points on the test piece in the calibrated length mm 658-1, 658-2, 1892, 1893 Distance between outer rollers L aOuter support span in three or four-point bending configuration mm In flexural strength and modulus testing 658-3 Distance between inner rollers L i
26、Inner loading span in four-point bending configuration mm In flexural strength and modulus testing 821-1, 843-1, 843-2, 843-3, 658-3 Cross-section A Cross-section area mm 2 Initial cross-section area A 0Initial cross-section area of the test piece within the calibrated length at test temperature mm
27、21892 NOTE 1 When the material is protected by a surface treatment, two initial cross-section areas can be defined: Apparent cross-section area A 0,aGeometrical area of the cross-section mm 21893 Effective cross-section area A 0,eGeometrical area corrected by a factor, to account for the presence of
28、 a surface treatment mm 21893 Distance between notches L In inter-laminar shear testing, the spacing between opposed notches mm 658-4, 1894 Width and thickness Width b Width of a test piece (normal to loading direction in flexure) mm 658-3, 843-1, 843-2, 1892 CEN/TR 13233:2007 9Geometrical quantitie
29、s Quantity Symbol Definition Unit Remark Relevant EN, ENV or CEN/TS NOTE 2 When the material is protected by a surface treatment, two widths can be defined : Apparent width b aGeometrical width mm 1893 Effective width b eGeometrical width corrected by a factor to account for the presence of a surfac
30、e treatment mm 1893 NOTE 3 When width changes along the length, a numerical subscript is added to symbol b, b 1 is the width in the calibrated length, b 2, b 3, . are the other widths. These subscripts are defined in individual documents. Thickness h Thickness or width of a test piece (parallel to t
31、he direction of loading in flexure) Thickness of test piece mm mm 843-1, 843-2 821-2 NOTE 4 When the material is protected by a surface treatment, two thicknesses can be defined: Apparent thickness h aGeometrical thickness mm 1893 Effective thickness h eGeometrical thickness corrected by a factor to
32、 account for the presence of a surface treatment mm 1893 NOTE 5 When thickness changes along the length, a numerical subscript is added to symbol h, h 1 is the thickness in the calibrated length h 2, h 3, . are the other thicknesses. These subscripts are defined in individual documents. Indentation
33、diagonal length (in hardness testing) In hardness testing, the lengths of the diagonals of a Vickers indentation or long axis of a Knoop indentation mm 843-4 Initial crack or notch depth a 0 In fracture toughness testing, the length of the initial crack or notch mm 14425-3 Deflection Flexural deflec
34、tion d Displacement of the loading points relative to the support points (or any other reference points) in flexure mm Used with various subscripts 843-2 Mass CEN/TR 13233:2007 10Geometrical quantities Quantity Symbol Definition Unit Remark Relevant EN, ENV or CEN/TS Mass m Quantity of matter in a b
35、ody g 623-2, 843-2 Diameter Diameter d Diameter of the test piece in the calibrated length mm 1892 NOTE 6 When the material is protected by a surface treatment, two diameters can be defined: Apparent diameter d aGeometrical diameter mm 1893 Effective diameter d eGeometrical diameter corrected by a f
36、actor to account for the presence of a surface treatment mm 1893 NOTE 7 When diameter changes along the length, a numerical subscript is added to symbol d, d 1 is the diameter in the calibrated length, d 2, d 3 . are the other diameters. These subscripts are defined in individual documents. Blend ra
37、dius r Transition radius between parts of the specimen with different cross-section mm The type of radius can be defined in each document by use of a subscript 1892 CEN/TR 13233:2007 11Table 3 Symbols related to mechanical quantities Mechanical quantities Quantity Symbol Definition Unit Remark Relev
38、ant EN, ENV or CEN/TS Deformation Flexural deformation Flexural deflection, as defined in each case mm 820-4, 820-5 843-2 Longitudinal deformation L Variation in the gauge length caused by an applied load. Variation is positive in tensile and negative in compressive test mm Tensile/compressive test
39、658-1 658-2 1892 Longitudinal tensile deformation at maximum force L t,mValue of longitudinal tensile deformation corresponding to the maximum force mm 658-1 1892 Longitudinal compressive deformation at maximum force L c,mValue of longitudinal compressive deformation corresponding to the maximum for
40、ce mm 658-2 Strain Strain Relative change in the gauge length defined as the ratio L/L 0- Tensile/compressive test 658-1 1892 Tensile strain at maximum force t,mValue of strain corresponding to the maximum tensile force - 658-1 658-2 Compressive strain at maximum force c,mValue of strain correspondi
41、ng to the maximum compressive force - 658-1 658-2 Shear strain The change in angle of an originally orthogonal set of lines as a consequence of a shear load - Force Force F Force applied to the test piece during the test N 658-1, 820-4, 820-5, 843-1, 843-2, 1892, 1893 CEN/TR 13233:2007 12Mechanical
42、quantities Quantity Symbol Definition Unit Remark Relevant EN, ENV or CEN/TS Peak force at fracture F m Maximum force during a test or at fracture N 843-3 Stress and strain Stress (tensile/compressive/shear) Ratio of the force carried by the test piece at any time in the test by the initial cross- s
43、ection area MPa Strain (tensile/compressive) Fractional increase in dimension of a body subjected to stress - Sign convention tensile is positive, compression is negative 658-1 843-1 843-2 843-5 1892 Shear strain The change in angle of an originally orthogonal set of lines as a consequence of a shea
44、r load - Flexural stress The nominal stress on the outer surface of the test piece, calculated at mid span MPa 658-3 In plane shear stress Ratio of the force carried by the test piece by the initial cross-section subjected to shear MPa 12289 Stressing rate & Rate of change of stress with time MPa/s
45、843-3 Strength Strengths correspond to stresses at maximum force during a test carried out to rupture Tensile strength t,mRatio of the maximum tensile force to the initial cross-section area MPa 658-1 Compressive strength c,mRatio of the maximum compressive force to the initial cross-section area MP
46、a 658-2 Flexural strength f,mMaximum flexural stress applied to a test piece that fractures during a flexural test MPa 658-3 Interlaminar shear strength ILSS Ratio of the maximum force applied to the initial cross-section area MPa 12289 CEN/TR 13233:2007 13Mechanical quantities Quantity Symbol Defin
47、ition Unit Remark Relevant EN, ENV or CEN/TS In plane shear strength mRatio of the maximum force applied to the initial cross-section area MPa 658-4, 658-5, 658-6, 12289 NOTE 1 The symbols listed here for mechanical quantities at rupture (strength and strain) have a first subscript indicating the ty
48、pe of test (t for tensile, c for compressive, f for flexure). A second subscript, m is added to indicate the maximum value. Other subscripts may be added to refer to test conditions (for example temperature). These additional subscripts are set between brackets. EXAMPLE 1 t, m (1500)(vacuum) = tensile strength at 1 500 C under vacuum Elastic properties Elastic modulus tension/compressi (Y oung s modulus) E Slope of the linear part of the stress strain curve when the linear part starts at the origin GPa Elastic modulus in shear on G Slope of the linear part of th
