1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO/IEC 9496:2003 CHILL The ITU-T programming language ICS 35.060 BS ISO/IEC 9496:2003 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 13 April 2004 BSI 13 April 2004 ISBN 0 580 43648 9 National foreword This British Stand
2、ard reproduces verbatim ISO/IEC 9496:2003 and implements it as the UK national standard. It supersedes BS ISO/IEC 9496:1995 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/5, Programming languages, their environment and system software interfaces,
3、 which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section enti
4、tled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Complianc
5、e with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related int
6、ernational and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO/IEC title page, pages ii to vii, a blank page, pages 1 to 221 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates whe
7、n the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments Reference number ISO/IEC 9496:2003(E) OSI3002 CEI/INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 9496 Fourth edition 2003-12-15 CHILL The ITU-T programming language CHILL Le langage de programmation de lUIT-T BSISO/IEC9496:20
8、03IS/OIE6949 C:(3002E) DPlcsid Fremia ihTs PDF file may ctnoian emdebt dedyfepcaes. In ccaocnadrw eith Aebods licensilop gnic,y this file mairp eb ynted iv roweb detu slahl ton ide ebtlnu deess the typefaces whice era hml era deddebicsnede to i dnanstlaled t noeh computfrep reormign tide ehtin.g In
9、wodlnidaot gnhis file, trapise atpecc tiereht nser ehnopsiiblity fo not infriigngn Aebods licensilop gnic.y ehT ISO tneClar Secrteiraat caceptl on siibality in this .aera Ai ebods a tredamafo kr Aebod SystemI sncotaropr.de teDails fo teh softwacudorp erts sut deo crtaee this PDF file cna f ebi dnuon
10、 tlareneG eh Info leratit evo the file; tP ehDc-Frtaeion marapteres wetpo erimizf deoirp rnti.gn Evc yreasah er t neebakt neo snet erutah teh file is suitlbaf eosu rI yb eSO memdob rebeis. In tlnu ehikletneve y ttah lborp aem leratit gno it is f,dnuo plsaee inform ttneC ehlar Secrteiraat ta the serd
11、daig sleb nevwo. ISO/IE3002 C Athgir lls serevr.de selnUs towrehise specfidei, trap on fo thsi ilbupctanoi may cudorper ebtu ro dezilina ni dey fomr yb ro nam y,snae lecetrinoc m roecinahcal, inclidung tohpcoiypom dna gnicrfoilm, wittuoh mrepissii non writif gnrmo ietI rehSta O tserdda ehs ebolw or
12、ISOs memreb i ydobn the cnuotrfo y ttseuqer ehe.r ISO cirypothg fofice saCe tsopale 65 eneG 1121-HC02 av leT. 14 + 10 947 22 11 xaF 90 947 22 14 + 74 E-mail cirypothgiso.ogr Web www.is.ogro Plbuisdeh in Switlrezdna ii I SO/IE 3002 C All irhgts seredevrBSISO/IEC9496:2003IS/OIE6949 C:(3002E) I SO/IE 3
13、002 C All irhgts seredevr iiiCONTENTS Page 1 Introduction 1 1.1 General 1 1.2 Language survey . 1 1.3 Modes and classes. 2 1.4 Locations and their accesses . 3 1.5 Values and their operations. 3 1.6 Actions 4 1.7 Input and output 4 1.8 Exception handling 4 1.9 Time supervision. 5 1.10 Program struct
14、ure 5 1.11 Concurrent execution 5 1.12 General semantic properties 6 1.13 Implementation options. 6 2 Preliminaries. 7 2.1 The metalanguage . 7 2.2 Vocabulary 8 2.3 The use of spaces 9 2.4 Comments . 9 2.5 Format effectors 9 2.6 Compiler directives . 10 2.7 Names and their defining occurrences 10 3
15、Modes and classes. 12 3.1 General 12 3.2 Mode definitions . 13 3.3 Mode classification . 16 3.4 Discrete modes 17 3.5 Real modes 20 3.6 Powerset modes. 22 3.7 Reference modes . 22 3.8 Procedure modes . 23 3.9 Instance modes 24 3.10 Synchronization modes . 25 3.11 Input-Output Modes 26 3.12 Timing mo
16、des . 28 3.13 Composite modes 29 3.14 Dynamic modes. 37 3.15 Moreta Modes . 38 4 Locations and their accesses. 45 4.1 Declarations 45 4.2 Locations. 47 5 Values and their operations. 54 5.1 Synonym definitions . 54 5.2 Primitive value 55 5.3 Values and expressions . 70 BSISO/IEC9496:2003IS/OIE6949 C
17、:(3002E) iv I SO/IE 3002 C All irhgts seredevrPage 6 Actions 79 6.1 General 79 6.2 Assignment action. 79 6.3 If action . 81 6.4 Case action 81 6.5 Do action. 83 6.6 Exit action . 86 6.7 Call action . 87 6.8 Result and return action. 90 6.9 Goto action 90 6.10 Assert action 91 6.11 Empty action . 91
18、6.12 Cause action 91 6.13 Start action 91 6.14 Stop action. 91 6.15 Continue action . 92 6.16 Delay action 92 6.17 Delay case action. 92 6.18 Send action 93 6.19 Receive case action . 94 6.20 CHILL built-in routine calls 97 7 Input and Output. 102 7.1 I/O reference model. 102 7.2 Association values.
19、 104 7.3 Access values 104 7.4 Built-in routines for input output. 105 7.5 Text input output. 112 8 Exception handling . 120 8.1 General 120 8.2 Handlers 121 8.3 Handler identification 121 9 Time supervision 122 9.1 General 122 9.2 Timeoutable processes 122 9.3 Timing actions. 122 9.4 Built-in routi
20、nes for time. 124 10 Program Structure. 125 10.1 General 125 10.2 Reaches and nesting 127 10.3 Begin-end blocks. 129 10.4 Procedure specifications and definitions. 129 10.5 Process specifications and definitions. 134 10.6 Modules. 134 10.7 Regions 135 10.8 Program. 135 10.9 Storage allocation and li
21、fetime 136 10.10 Constructs for piecewise programming. 136 10.11 Genericity 141 BSISO/IEC9496:2003IS/OIE6949 C:(3002E) I SO/IE 3002 C All irhgts seredevr vPage 11 Concurrent execution 144 11.1 Processes, tasks, threads and their definitions. 144 11.2 Mutual exclusion and regions . 145 11.3 Delaying
22、of a thread 148 11.4 Re-activation of a thread . 148 11.5 Signal definition statements 148 11.6 Completion of Region and Task locations 149 12 General semantic properties 149 12.1 Mode rules. 149 12.2 Visibility and name binding 160 12.3 Case selection 167 12.4 Definition and summary of semantic cat
23、egories . 169 13 Implementation options 173 13.1 Implementation defined built-in routines 173 13.2 Implementation defined integer modes . 173 13.3 Implementation defined floating point modes. 173 13.4 Implementation defined process names 173 13.5 Implementation defined handlers 173 13.6 Implementati
24、on defined exception names. 173 13.7 Other implementation defined features . 173 Appendix I Character set for CHILL 175 Appendix II Special symbols 176 Appendix III Special simple name strings 177 III.1 Reserved simple name strings. 177 III.2 Predefined simple name strings. 178 III.3 Exception names
25、 . 178 Appendix IV Program examples. 179 IV.1 Operations on integers. 179 IV.2 Same operations on fractions 179 IV.3 Same operations on complex numbers 180 IV.4 General order arithmetic 180 IV.5 Adding bit by bit and checking the result 180 IV.6 Playing with dates . 181 IV.7 Roman numerals 182 IV.8
26、Counting letters in a character string of arbitrary length. 183 IV.9 Prime numbers 184 IV.10 Implementing stacks in two different ways, transparent to the user 184 IV.11 Fragment for playing chess . 185 IV.12 Building and manipulating a circularly linked list 188 IV.13 A region for managing competin
27、g accesses to a resource. 189 IV.14 Queuing calls to a switchboard . 190 IV.15 Allocating and deallocating a set of resources 190 IV.16 Allocating and deallocating a set of resources using buffers 192 IV.17 String scanner1 194 IV.18 String scanner2 195 IV.19 Removing an item from a double linked lis
28、t . 196 IV.20 Update a record of a file 196 IV.21 Merge two sorted files. 197 IV.22 Read a file with variable length records 198 IV.23 The use of spec modules . 199 IV.24 Example of a context. 199 IV.25 The use of prefixing and remote modules . 199 BSISO/IEC9496:2003IS/OIE6949 C:(3002E) vi I SO/IE 3
29、002 C All irhgts seredevrPage IV.26 The use of text i/o 200 IV.27 A generic stack 201 IV.28 An abstract data type. 202 IV.29 Example of a spec module 202 IV.30 Object-Orientation: Modes for Simple, Sequential Stacks 202 IV.31 Object-Orientation: Mode Extension: Simple, Sequential Stack with Operatio
30、n “Top“. 204 IV.32 Object-Orientation: Modes for Stacks with Access Synchronization 204 Appendix V Decommitted features. 206 V.1 Free directive. 206 V.2 Integer modes syntax. 206 V.3 Set modes with holes. 206 V.4 Procedure modes syntax 206 V.5 String modes syntax 207 V.6 Array modes syntax. 207 V.7
31、Level structure notation. 207 V.8 Map reference names 207 V.9 Based declarations. 207 V.10 Character string literals . 207 V.11 Receive expressions 207 V.12 Addr notation 207 V.13 Assignment syntax 207 V.14 Case action syntax. 207 V.15 Do for action syntax 207 V.16 Explicit loop counters . 208 V.17
32、Call action syntax 208 V.18 RECURSEFAIL exception . 208 V.19 Start action syntax. 208 V.20 Explicit value receive names. 208 V.21 Blocks . 208 V.22 Entry statement 208 V.23 Register names 208 V.24 Recursive attribute 208 V.25 Quasi cause statements and quasi handlers . 209 V.26 Syntax of quasi state
33、ments 209 V.27 Weakly visible names and visibility statements 209 V.28 Weakly visible names and visibility statements 209 V.29 Pervasiveness 209 V.30 Seizing by modulion name 209 V.31 Predefined simple name strings. 209 Appendix VI Index of production rules 210 BSISO/IEC9496:2003IS/OIE6949 C:(3002E)
34、 I SO/IE 3002 C All irhgts seredevr viiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of
35、 International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in l
36、iaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint t
37、echnical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committee are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is dra
38、wn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 9496 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 22, Pro
39、gramming languages, their environments and system software interfaces, in collaboration with ITU-T. The identical text is published as ITU-T Rec. Z.200. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO/IEC 9496:1998), which has been technically revised. BSISO/IEC9496:2003blank BSISO/I
40、EC9496:2003 ISO/IEC6949 :0203(E) ITU-TR .ceZ.( 002991E 9) 1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ITU-T Rec. Z.200 (1999 E) ISO-IEC 9496 : 2002(E) ITU-T RECOMMENDATION CHILL THE ITU-T PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE This Recommendation | International Standard defines the ITU-T programming language CHILL. When CHILL was firs
41、t defined in 1980 “CHILL“ stood for CCITT High Level Language. The following subclauses of this clause introduce some of the motivations behind the language design and provide an overview of the language features. For information concerning the variety of introductory and training material on this s
42、ubject, the reader is referred to the Manuals, “Introduction to CHILL“ and “CHILL users manual“. An alternative definition of CHILL, in a strict mathematical form (based on the VDM notation), is available in the Manual entitled “Formal definition of CHILL“. 1.1 General CHILL is a strongly typed, blo
43、ck structured language designed primarily for the implementation of large and complex embedded systems. CHILL was designed to: enhance reliability and run time efficiency by means of extensive compile-time checking; be sufficiently flexible and powerful to encompass the required range of application
44、s and to exploit a variety of hardware; provide facilities that encourage piecewise and modular development of large systems; cater for real-time applications by providing built-in concurrency and time supervision primitives; permit the generation of highly efficient object code; be easy to learn an
45、d use. The expressive power inherent in the language design allows engineers to select the appropriate constructs from a rich set of facilities such that the resulting implementation can match the original specification more precisely. Because CHILL is careful to distinguish between static and dynam
46、ic objects, nearly all the semantic checking can be achieved at compile time. This has obvious run time benefits. Violation of CHILL dynamic rules results in run-time exceptions which can be intercepted by an appropriate exception handler (however, generation of such implicit checks is optional, unl
47、ess a user defined handler is explicitly specified). CHILL permits programs to be written in a machine independent manner. The language itself is machine independent; however, particular compilation systems may require the provision of specific implementation defined objects. It should be noted that
48、 programs containing such objects will not, in general, be portable. 1.2 Language survey A CHILL program consists essentially of three parts: a description of objects; a description of actions which are to be performed upon the objects; a description of the program structure. BSISO/IEC9496:2003ISO/I
49、EC6949 :0023(E) 2 ITU-TR .ceZ.( 002991E 9) Objects are described by data statements (declaration and definition statements), actions are described by action statements and the program structure is described by program structuring statements. The manipulatable objects of CHILL are values and locations where values can be stored. The actions define the operations to be performed upon the objects and the order in which values
