1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO 8856:2014 Road vehicles Electrical performance of starter motors Test methods and general requirementsBS ISO 8856:2014 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 8856:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was entr
2、usted to Technical Committee AUE/16, Electrical and electronic equipment. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
3、application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 83081 5 ICS 43.060.50 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Stra
4、tegy Committee on 31 January 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO 8856:2014 ISO 2014 Road vehicles Electrical performance of starter motors Test methods and general requirements Vhicules routiers Caractristiques lectriques des dmarreurs Mthodes dessai et conditions gnra
5、les INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8856 Third edition 2014-01-15 Reference number ISO 8856:2014(E)BS ISO 8856:2014ISO 8856:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utiliz
6、ed otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright
7、 office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandBS ISO 8856:2014ISO 8856:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 T erms and definitions . 1 3 Test condition
8、s . 2 3.1 Temperature 2 3.2 Measurement accuracy 2 3.3 Voltage/current characteristic of starter motor power supply 2 3.4 Preparation of test samples . 3 4 Test benches 3 4.1 General . 3 4.2 Type 1 test bench 4 4.3 Type 2 test bench 4 5 Test method . 6 5.1 General . 6 5.2 Test procedure . 6 6 Measur
9、ement correction . 7 6.1 General . 7 6.2 Correction of torque . 7 6.3 Correction of rotational frequency with temperature 9 7 Presentation of results 10 7.1 Power output and efficiency calculation .10 7.2 Graphic presentation of starter motor characteristic curves 10 7.3 Change of voltage/current ch
10、aracteristic .10BS ISO 8856:2014ISO 8856:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each
11、member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
12、 Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different t
13、ypes of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not
14、be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is info
15、rmation given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
16、the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 3, Electrical and electronic equipment. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 8856:1995), which has been technically revised. It
17、also incorporates the Amendment ISO 8856:1995/Amd1:1997.iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 8856:2014INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 8856:2014(E) Road vehicles Electrical performance of starter motors Test methods and general requirements 1 Scope This International Standard lays down test methods and
18、general requirements for the determination of the electrical characteristics of DC starter motors intended to start internal combustion engines of road vehicles. 2 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 lock torque torque of starter
19、 motor at the pinion with the armature shaft locked (no rotation) Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in Nm. 2.2 nominal power P nom power declared by the starter motor manufacturer corresponding to the maximum power output at the reference temperature when determined in accordance with this Internatio
20、nal Standard Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in W. 2.3 power output P power derived from measurements of torque and rotational frequency of the motor pinion shaft Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in W. 2.4 power supply battery or battery simulation device which delivers a voltage/current characteri
21、stic as defined in this International Standard 2.5 reference temperature temperature at which the performance curves and nominal power shall be reported Note 1 to entry: Reference temperature is expressed in C. Note 2 to entry: It is equal to 20 C. 2.6 total resistance of starter motor R S resistanc
22、e value of the terminal voltage, see Figure 2, divided by the starter motor current (steady state current of solenoid included) Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in . ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 8856:2014ISO 8856:2014(E) 2.7 total resistance of power supply at starter motor terminals R BL su
23、m of power supply and external line resistance Note 1 to entry: It is expressed in . 3 Test conditions 3.1 Temperature 3.1.1 Test method A Continuous mode method Ensure that all parts of the starter motor are at the same, registered temperature. To avoid temperature corrections, the starter motor ca
24、n be preconditioned at (20 2) C. 3.1.2 Test method B Discrete point method Ensure that all parts of the starter motor are at the same, registered temperature. To avoid temperature corrections, the starter motor can be preconditioned at (20 2) C. 3.1.3 Test method C Continuous mode method at cold cra
25、nking temperature The starter motor shall be preconditioned at a specified cold cranking temperature as agreed between starter motor manufacturer and engine manufacturer (e.g. 25 C 2 C). 3.2 Measurement accuracy The overall capability of the test equipment shall enable the parameters to be measured
26、within the accuracy shown in Table 1. This requirement shall be respected through the whole test procedure. The target accuracy should be used for new test equipment. Table 1 Measurement accuracy Parameter Accuracy Target accuracy Current 1 % 0,5 % Voltage 1 % 0,5 % Rotational frequency 2 % 1 % Torq
27、ue 2 % 1 % Temperature 2 K 2 K 3.3 Voltage/current characteristic of starter motor power supply The voltage/current characteristic of starter motor power supply is a sloping straight line (see Figure 1). The line is defined at 20 C either by two pairs of values (U 1 , I 1 ) and (U 2 , I 2 ), or by o
28、ne pair of values (U, I) and the internal resistance of the starter motor power supply. The voltage values (U 1and U 2 ) shall be measured at the starter motor terminals. The voltage/current characteristic shall be selected from Table 2 without exceeding the values stated by the starter motor manufa
29、cturer. If required, other voltage/current characteristics can be used as agreed between the starter motor manufacturer and the vehicle manufacturer.2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 8856:2014ISO 8856:2014(E) Key 1 at 20 C Figure 1 Voltage/current characteristic of starter motor power supply 3.4
30、Preparation of test samples For new starter motors, it is necessary to perform a run-in procedure in order to ensure a stable performance. One example for such a run-in procedure is described below. Starter motor should be run-in with 40 cycles as follows: a) 2 s running at a torque equal to 25 % of
31、 the lock torque value; b) 13 s rest. Cooling is permitted during this preparation. The lock torque shall be measured using an appropriate power supply (see Table 2). Other preparation test conditions can be used if equivalent or better effect on stabilization of starter performance is confirmed. 4
32、Test benches 4.1 General There are two types of test bench which can be used. On either type, torque shall be measured either directly as the reaction torque of the starter motor, or at the drive gear shaft. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 8856:2014ISO 8856:2014(E) 4.2 Type 1 test bench The tes
33、t bench in Figure 2 allows performance measurements to be taken by engaging the pinion with a drive gear, either the ring gear assembly or suitable alternative. The backlash between the pinion and the drive gear teeth shall be in accordance with the starter motor manufacturers recommendations. Key 1
34、 starter motor 2 brake/variable load 3 solenoid 4 starter motor terminals 5 starter motor power supply 6, 7 torque measurement 8 rotational frequency measurement 9 drive gear Figure 2 Type 1 test bench 4.3 Type 2 test bench The test bench in Figure 3 permits direct measurement of the starter motor a
35、t the pinion or armature shaft. The starter motor shall be coupled to the test device coaxially through a suitable coupling. The drive end shield of a nose-type starter motor can be replaced by a special bearing bracket to permit coupling to the starter motor shaft.4 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS I
36、SO 8856:2014ISO 8856:2014(E) Key 1 brake/variable load 2 coupling 3 starter motor 4 solenoid 5 starter motor terminals 6 starter motor power supply 7, 8 torque measurement 9 rotational frequency measurement Figure 3 Type 2 test bench ISO 2014 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 8856:2014ISO 8856:2014(E) Tab
37、le 2 Voltage/current characteristic of starter motor supply for starter motor testing Voltage/current characteristic number Nominal voltage V Voltage/current characteristic at 20 C Suggested nominal power of starter motor kW U 1 I 1 U 2 I 2 R BL V A V A m 1 12 12 0 6 400 15 P nom 1,7 2 600 10 1 5 9
38、24 24 0 12 600 20 P nom 5 10 800 15 3 10 5 Test method 5.1 General Test method A or B shall be used. Method C can also be used in addition, if required. If it is important to know the starter motor performance at a temperature of 25 C, this can be measured according to 5.2.3 or it can be calculated
39、by using the values measured in accordance with 5.2.1 or 5.2.2 and the calculation methods described in Clause 6. If required, temperatures different from 25 C can be considered as agreed between the starter motor manufacturer and the engine manufacturer. 5.2 Test procedure 5.2.1 Method A Continuous
40、 mode method Energize the starter motor and allow it to reach the starting rotational frequency for the test, e.g. near to the no load rotational frequency. Using the brake or variable load, decrease the rotational frequency at a constant rate while torque, current, voltage, and rotational frequency
41、 are automatically recorded. The test is finished when a minimum armature speed is reached. This speed is defined by the starter motor manufacturer to avoid damage to the starter motor. The total test time shall be 10 s.6 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO 8856:2014ISO 8856:2014(E) 5.2.2 Method B Di
42、screte point method Run the starter motor at discrete torque load, rotational frequency, or current points and record the torque, current, voltage, and rotational frequency at each of these discrete points. The number of points will be determined by the purpose of the test. The time for each discret
43、e point measurement shall be 3 s. After each measurement point, cool all parts of the starter motor to the test temperature (see 3.1.1). 5.2.3 Method C Continuous mode method at cold cranking temperature Precondition the starter motor at cold cranking temperature and test it according to 5.2.1. The
44、test shall be completed within 3 min of the starter motor being removed from the preconditioning environment. The total test time shall be 10 s. 6 Measurement correction 6.1 General The measured values of torque and rotational frequency shall be corrected taking into account the influence of the tes
45、t bench, inertia, and temperature. The calculations described below are applicable to both permanent magnet starter motors and electrically excited starter motors. 6.2 Correction of torque 6.2.1 General Torque is measured either directly as the reaction torque of the starter motor, or at the drive g
46、ear shaft. If torque is measured directly, the corrections given in 6.2.3 and 6.2.4 apply. If torque is measured at the drive gear shaft, the corrections given in 6.2.2 to 6.2.4 apply. 6.2.2 C orr ection of t or que with tr ain efficiency This is only required for test bench type 1 and if torque is
47、measured at the drive gear shaft. The correction shall be made using Formula (1): (1) where M 1 is the torque corrected with the gear train efficiency, in Nm; M m is the measured torque, in Nm; z 1 is the number of teeth on the starter motor pinion; z 2 is the number of teeth on the test bench ring-
48、gear; g is the gear train (pinion to drive gear) efficiency. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 7BS ISO 8856:2014ISO 8856:2014(E) 6.2.3 Correction of torque with inertia For test procedures A and C the following correction to account for armature deceleration shall be used: (2) where M 2 is the torque cor
49、rected for inertia, in Nm; M m is the measured torque, in Nm (if 6.2.2 applied, M m= M 1 ); n is the difference in pinion rotational frequency between two consecutive measurement points, in Hz; t is the time difference between two measurement points, in s; J br is the moment of inertia of the measuring device, related to the pinion, in kg m 2 ; J a is the moment of inertia of armature and other rot
