1、BSI Standards Publication BS ISO 8178-7:2015 Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurement Part 7: Engine family determinationBS ISO 8178-7:2015 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 8178-7:2015. It supersedes BS ISO 8178-7:
2、1996 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee MCE/14/-/3, RIC engines - Emissions. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
3、 provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 80602 5 ICS 13.040.50; 27.020 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British St
4、andard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedBS ISO 8178-7:2015 ISO 2015 Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurement Part 7: Engine family determination Moteur
5、s alternatifs combustion interne Mesurage des missions de gaz dchappement Partie 7: Dtermination des familles de moteurs INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8178-7 Second edition 2015-08-01 Reference number ISO 8178-7:2015(E)BS ISO 8178-7:2015ISO 8178-7:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTEC
6、TED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
7、 written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.orgBS IS
8、O 8178-7:2015ISO 8178-7:2015(E)Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 T erms and definitions . 1 3 Engine family selection 1 3.1 General . 1 3.2 Special cases 2 4 P ar amet ers defining the engine famil y . 2 5 Choice of the parent engine . 5 5.1 Compression ignition engines . 5 5.2 Positive ignit
9、ion engines . 5 5.3 Alternative method . 5 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iii Contents PageBS ISO 8178-7:2015ISO 8178-7:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internatio
10、nal Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO
11、, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Par
12、t 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the
13、elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations rec
14、eived (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs
15、adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 70, Internal combustion engines, Subcommittee SC 8, Exhaust gas emission measurement. This second edition cancels
16、 and replaces the first edition (ISO 8178-7:1996), which has been technically revised. ISO 8178 consists of the following parts, under the general title Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurement: Part 1: Test-bed measurement of gaseous and particulate emissions Part 2: M
17、easurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions under field conditions Part 3: Definitions and methods of measurement of exhaust gas smoke under steady-state conditions Part 4: Steady-state test cycles for different engine applications Part 5: Test fuels Part 6: Report of measuring results a
18、nd test Part 7: Engine family determination Part 8: Engine group determination Part 9: Test cycles and test procedures for test bed measurement of exhaust gas smoke emissions from compression ignition engines operating under transient conditions Part 10: Test cycles and test procedures for field mea
19、surement of exhaust gas smoke emissions from compression ignition engines operating under transient conditionsiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 8178-7:2015ISO 8178-7:2015(E) Introduction Unlike engines for on-road applications, engines for non-road use are made in a much wider range of power out
20、put and configuration and are used in a great number of different applications. The objective of ISO 8178 is to rationalize the test methods for non-road engines in order to simplify and make more cost-effective drafting of legislation, development of engine specifications, and certification of engi
21、nes to control gaseous and particulate emissions. In order to achieve the objectives, ISO 8178 embraces four concepts as follows: a) grouping of engine applications in order to reduce the number of test cycles as defined in ISO 8178-4; b) use of observed brake power as defined in ISO 8178-4 as the b
22、asis for the expression of specific emission levels; c) incorporation of “engine family” concept, in which engines with similar emission characteristics and design can be represented by an engine within the family; d) incorporation of “engine group” concept, which addresses the modification and adju
23、stment of engines (see ISO 8178-8). In this part of ISO 8178, the engine family concept is elaborated. The engine family concept provides the possibility of reducing the number of engines to be submitted for type approval testing, while providing safeguards for the parties involved that all engines
24、within the family will comply with the approval requirements. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS ISO 8178-7:2015BS ISO 8178-7:2015Reciprocating internal combustion engines Exhaust emission measurement Part 7: Engine family determination 1 Scope This part of ISO 8178 specifies the parameters to be appl
25、ied for the determination of which engine specifications may be included in an engine family and for the selection of the parent engine of the family. This part of ISO 8178 is applicable to reciprocating internal combustion engines for land, rail traction, and marine use, excluding engines for motor
26、 vehicles primarily designed for on-road operation. It may be applied to engines for power production and/or propulsion, e.g. agricultural equipment, road construction and earth moving machines, industrial trucks, generating sets, etc. 2 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, th
27、e following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 engine family manufacturers grouping of engines, which through their design are expected to have similar exhaust emission characteristics where members of the family shall comply with the applicable emission limit values 2.2 parent engine engine selected
28、from an engine family, in such a way that it will incorporate those features which will adversely affect the levels of the relevant exhaust components Note 1 to entry: Such an engine would be expected to be a comparatively high-emitting engine. 3 Engine family selection 3.1 General The engine family
29、 shall be selected based on the following principles. An engine family is characterized by design parameters. These shall be common to all engines within the family. The engine manufacturer may decide which engines belong to an engine family, as long as the membership criteria listed in Clause 4 are
30、 respected. The engine family shall be agreed upon by the parties involved. The manufacturer shall provide the appropriate information relating to the emission levels of the members of the engine family. The manufacturer shall provide a list of engines and their specifications, which is considered t
31、o be within a family and on the basis of tests and technical considerations agreed with the parties involved, on which engine(s) should be selected for testing and which will likely give high emissions. The selection procedure for the choice of the parent engine is described in Clause 5. INTERNATION
32、AL ST ANDARD ISO 8178-7:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 8178-7:2015ISO 8178-7:2015(E) The parties involved should have the possibility of selecting a different engine, either for approval or production conformity testing, in order to have confidence that the complete family of engines c
33、omplies with the emissions requirements. 3.2 Special cases In some cases, there can be interaction between parameters. This shall be taken into consideration to ensure that only engines with similar exhaust emission characteristics are included within the same engine family; e.g. the number of cylin
34、ders can become a relevant parameter on some engines due to the aspiration or fuel system used, but with other designs, exhaust emission characteristics will be independent of the number of cylinders or configuration. These cases shall be identified by the manufacturer and notified to the parties in
35、volved. It shall then be taken into account as a criterion for creating a new engine family. In case of devices or features, which are not listed in Clause 4 and which have a strong influence on the level of emissions, these devices or features shall be identified by the manufacturer on the basis of
36、 good engineering practice and shall be notified to the parties involved. It shall then be taken into account as a criterion for creating a new engine family. In addition to the parameters listed in Clause 4, the manufacturer may introduce additional criteria allowing the definition of families of m
37、ore restricted size. These parameters are not necessarily parameters that have an influence on the level of emissions. 4 P ar amet ers defining the engine famil y The engine manufacturer is responsible for defining those engines from his range which are to be included in a family. In order that engi
38、nes be considered to belong to the same engine family, the following list of basic characteristics (but not specifications) shall be common. a) combustion cycle 1) two-stroke 2) four-stroke 3) rotary engine 4) others b) main cooling medium 1) air 2) water 3) oil c) individual cylinder displacement 1
39、) for engines with a unit cylinder displacement of 0,75 dm 3 , within 85 % and 100 % of the largest displacement within the engine family 2) for engines with a unit cylinder displacement of 0,75 dm 3 , within 70 % and 100 % of the largest displacement within the engine family 3) a greater deviation
40、may be used if agreed between the parties involved d) number of cylinders (applicable to spark ignition engines only)2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 8178-7:2015ISO 8178-7:2015(E) e) cylinder configuration 1) position of the cylinders in the block i) V ii) in-line iii) radial iv) others (F, W, e
41、tc.) 2) relative position of the cylinders i) engines with the same block may belong to the same family as long as their bore centre-to- centre dimensions are the same. f) method of air aspiration 1) naturally aspirated 2) pressure charged 3) pressure charged with charge cooler g) fuel type 1) diese
42、l 2) petrol 3) natural gas (CNG, LNG) 4) liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 5) methanol 6) ethanol 7) other fuels h) combustion chamber type 1) open chamber 2) divided chamber 3) other types i) valve and porting 1) configuration 2) number of valves per cylinder j) fuel supply type 1) fuel only i) pump-li
43、ne-injector ii) in-line pump iii) distributor pump iv) unit pump ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 8178-7:2015ISO 8178-7:2015(E) v) unit injector vi) common rail vii) gas valve viii) throttle body injection 2) fuel and air 3) carburettor k) miscellaneous features 1) exhaust gas recirculation (EGR
44、) 2) water emulsion or injection 3) air injection 4) dual fuel 5) ignition type i) compression ii) spark iii) glow plug l) electronic control strategy The presence or absence of an electronic control unit (ECU) on the engine is regarded as a basic parameter of the family. In the case of electronical
45、ly controlled engines, the manufacturer shall present the technical elements explaining the grouping of these engines in the same family, i.e. the reasons why these engines can be expected to satisfy the same emission requirements. These elements can be calculations, simulations, estimations, descri
46、ption of injection parameters, experimental results, etc. The electronic governing of engine speed does not need to be in a different family from those with mechanical governing. The need to separate electronic engines from mechanical engines should only apply to control characteristics, such as tim
47、ing, injection pressure, multiple injections, rate shape, boost pressure, VGT, EGR, etc. m) exhaust after-treatment systemsThe function and combination of the following devices are regarded as membership criteria for an engine family. 1) oxidation catalyst; 2) three-way catalyst; 3) DeNOx system wit
48、h selective reduction of NOx (addition of reducing agent); 4) other DeNOx systems; 5) particulate trap with passive regeneration; 6) particulate trap with active regeneration; 7) other particulate traps;4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS ISO 8178-7:2015ISO 8178-7:2015(E) 8) other devices. When an engi
49、ne has been approved without after-treatment system, whether as parent engine or as member of the family, then this engine, when equipped with an oxidation catalyst, may be included in the same engine family, if it does not require different fuel characteristics. If it requires specific fuel characteristics (e.g. particulate traps requiring special additives in the fuel to ensure the regeneration process), the decision to include it in the same family shall be based on technical elements provided by the manufa
