1、Survey of Existing Dams,1.096 Environmental Engineering Clinic Week 2 - February 13, 2004 Teresa Yamana,Objective,To gain insight into our assessment of the Merowe Dam in the areas of: Sedimentation Small Scale Impacts Archeology Public Health Resettlement,Three Gorges Dam, China - Yangtze River,www
2、.cbc.ca/news/features/threegorges_quickfacts.html,Dam Overview,Purpose Flood prevention Power generation Cost: $24.7 billion Expected Completion: 2009,Height: 175 m Reservoir Area: 1080 km2 Volume: 39.3 bcm Power Capacity: 18,200MW,Sedimentation in Reservoir,40 year sedimentation observation data St
3、ore clean water during dry season, sluice muddy water in flood season Scouring and silting to reach balance Initial sediment discharge rate 30-40% Storage remaining after 100 years Flood storage: 86% Regulated storage: 92%,Downstream Effect of Sedimentation,Erosion of riverbed, leading to decrease i
4、n water level between 0.5 - 8.0m Requires minimum 5000 m3/s discharge at Yichang shiplock Caving banks Shallow bendways impede local navigation Mitigate damage of flood and waterlogging in Dongting Lake area,Small Scale Impacts,Archeology 1300 Archeological sites to be submerged Cultural relics from
5、 various dynasties 200 ancient tombs International effort to excavate,Public Health Unlikely increase in schistosomiasis Likely increase in malaria, other local water related diseases Resettlement 844,124 residents Relocate 130 villages,Aswan Dam, Egypt - Nile River,www.usgs.gov/features/ satellite_
6、images.html,Dam Overview,Purpose Flood prevention Power generation Cost: $1 billion Completed: 1970,Height: 111 m Reservoir Area: 6000 km2 Volume: 169 bcm Power Capacity: 21,000 MW,Sedimentation in Reservoir,Majority of sediment inflow trapped in tail end of reservoir Dead storage capacity of 31.6 b
7、cm for 500 years Feasibility study being conducted for uses of sediments Lack of sediments downstream means farmers use 13,000 t fertilizer,Small Scale Impacts,Archeology Twin temples of Pharoah Ramses II relocated by UNESCO,UNESCO Courier, Dec. 1964.,http:/www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/,Small Scale Impacts
8、,Public Health Schistosomiasis associated with stagnant water from Dam Resettlement 90,000 Nubians displaced In Egypt, 28 miles away In Sudan, 370 miles away,Tarbela Dam - Indus River, Pakistan,www.dams.org, water-dams.html,Dam Overview,Purpose Part of Indus Basin Irrigation System Irrigation Power
9、generation Cost: $1.85 billion Completed:1993,Height: 148 m Reservoir Area: 259 km2 Volume: 11.5 bcm Power Capacity: 3478 MW,Sedimentation in Reservoir,Sediment inflow 0.106 bcm/yr Useful life 85 years Concern about sediments blocking power intakes in case of earthquake Underwater protection to low-
10、level outlets Sediment management Sluicing tunnels to remove sediment Management measures to reduce sediment deposition Not feasible to reduce sediment inflow,Small Scale Impacts,Resettlement 120 villages submerged 96,000 people Replacement land in Punjab or Sindh, or cash compensation for home Wide
11、spread dissatisfaction,References,Three Gorges Dam Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Research Inst. For Protection of Yangtze Water Resources. Environmental Impact Statement for the Yangtze Three Gorges Project Nova. Damming the Past www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/zeugma/ Aswan High Dam Marc Lavergne. The
12、Seven Deadly Sins of Egypts Aswan High Dam Asit K. Biswas. Aswan Dam Revisited Hassan Osman. Hydro Development in Egypt - Lessons from High Aswan Dam The Aswan High Dam http:/ Tarbela Dam World Commision on Dams. Pakistan: The Tarbela Dam and Indus River Basin www.dams.org/kbase/studies/pk/pk_exec.htm Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority http:/
